大学英语UNIT15课后题及翻译.docx
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大学英语UNIT15课后题及翻译
2.UNIT1
1.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
2.Itimplies,firstajustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secondly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthirdly,theattainmentoftheseends?
3.goals
2.Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehorns,andrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavagedance,insteadofatriptothemarket...
4.confrontthequestionfearlessly
3.TheChineseidealoflifeisdrunkthroughwiththissentiment.
5.overwhelmedby
4.Itis,Imustsay,abrilliantlysimpleideal,sobrilliantlysimplethatonlythematter-of-factChinesemindcouldhaveconceivedit,andyetoneoftenwondershowthe
Westcouldhavefailedtoseethatthemeaningoflifeliesinthesaneandhealthyenjoymentofit.
6.realistic;pragmatic
5.Humanismoccupies,forinstance,ameanpositionbetweentheother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.
7.midway
8.Translation
1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
9.林语堂在论人性时，详述了人的尊严。
他说，人类之所以
优于其他一切生物，因为人类具有由几个要素构成的尊
严。
首先，人有带有游戏意味的好奇心，这种好奇心可看
做是人类发展智慧的最早迹象。
第二，人类有梦幻。
人生
活在一个真实的世界里，却有着梦想另一个世界的能力和
倾向。
他说，世界就像一个点菜餐馆，每个人都认为邻座
点的菜肴总比自己点的菜肴更加诱人、更加可口。
第三，
人类有幽默感。
他给幽默感很高的评价。
他认为，幽默与
敏锐的感觉、合乎情理的精神以及头脑探知矛盾、愚蠢和
糟糕逻辑的微妙能力联系在一起。
幽默是人类智能的最高
形式。
林语堂还细致讨论了个性主义的理念。
他认为，就
文化而言，对某一文化的最后判断是看它产生怎样的男人
和女人。
他还用儒家的观点来阐明自己的看法：
身修而后
家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平。
10.Hints
11.详述
12.优于
13.点菜餐馆
14.给幽默感很高的评价
15.个性主义
16.儒家
17.身修而后家齐
elaborateon
besuperiorto
alacarterestaurant
eulogizehumorimmenselythedoctrineoftheindividualConfucianism
whenpersonallifeis
cultivated,thenhomelifeisregulated
18.Key
19.Whenhetalksaboutbeinghuman,LinYutangelaboratesonhumandignity.Hesaysthathumanbeingsaresuperiortoanyotherlivingcreaturesthankstohumandignitywhichconsistsofseveralelements.Firstofall,humanbeingshaveplayfulcuriosity,whichcouldbethefirstsignsofdevelopinghumanintelligence.Secondly,humanbeingshavedreams.Amanhasthecapacityandtendencytodreamofanotherworldthoughlivingina
realworld.Hesaysthattheworldisjustlikeanalacarterestaurantwhereeverybodythinksthatthefoodthenexttablehasorderedisinvariablymuchmoreinvitinganddeliciousthanhisown.Thirdly,humanbeingshaveasenseofhumor.Heeulogizeshumorimmensely,thinkingthathumorgoeswithgoodsenseandthereasonablespirit,plussomesubtlepowerofthemindindetectinginconsistenciesandfolliesandbadlogic.Humoristhehighestformofhumanintelligence.LinYutangalsotalksindetailaboutthedoctrineoftheindividual.Heholdsthatthefinaljudgmentofanyparticularcultureiswhattypeofmenandwomenitturnsoutasfarascultureisconcerned.HealsousestheargumentofConfucianismtoillustratehisownpointthatwhenpersonallifeiscultivated,thenhomelifeisregulated;whenhomelifeisregulated,thennationallifeisregulated,thentheworldisatpeace.
20.UNIT2
I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceof
theirextrememoralrectitude.
21.absolutemoralrighteousnessandcorrectness
22.Somedaytheyareplanningtoalphabetizealltheirbooksandsetuphomecatalogs.
23.arrangeinalphabeticorder
24.Butwhiletheseambitiousplanstakeclearerandclearershapeintheirheads,thebooksspillfromtheshelvesontothefloor,theclothespileupinthehamperandcloset,thefamilymementosaccumulateineverydrawer,thesurfaceofthedeskisburiedundermoundsofpaperandtheunreadmagazinesthreatentoreachtheceiling.
25.aregraduallyformedanddeveloped
26.Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.
27.lazyandstupid
28.Whattheywanttodoisgetthewholethingoverwithsotheycansitdownandwatchtherasslin’.onTV
29.finishquicklywhattheyhavetodo
30.Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld.
31.destroyruthlesslythemainpartof
32.Translation
1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
33.作者认为，整洁的人与随意的人的根本差异是道德上的。
前者将整洁放在至高的位置，做事遵循两条不变的原则：
从不两次处理任何事；扔掉一切东西。
他们头脑清醒，目
标明确，但他们十分冷漠，以至在他们看来，人、动物、
物品都是一样的东西。
与前者形成鲜明对照的是，后者往
往头脑里充满了各种各样、一时冲动的浪漫奇想。
他们的
理想太完美了，事实上是难以实现的。
更为重要的是，随
意的人有一颗爱心，他们似乎对一切都有情感依恋。
从某
种意义上，我们可以这么说，大多数政治家和将军是属于
第一种类型的人，而大多数诗人和艺术家则是属于第二种
类型的人。
34.Hints
35
aboveeverythingelse
unvaryingprinciples
Insharpcontrast;Contrasted
.至高的位置
36.不变的原则
37.与前者形成对照的是
withtheformer
38
romanticwhims
lovingheart
sentimentalattachments
.浪漫奇想
39.爱心
40.情感依恋
41.Key
42.Theauthorholdsthatthefundamentaldifference
betweenneatpeopleandsloppypeopleismoral.Theformerplaceneatnessaboveeverythingelseandworkontwounvaryingprinciples:
Neverhandleanyitemtwice;andthroweverythingaway.Theyareclear-mindedandobjective,buttheyaresoindifferentthatpeople,animalsandthingsareallonetothem.Insharpcontrast,thelatterfilltheirmindswithallkindsofromanticwhimsandtheiridealsarejusttooperfecttocometrueinreality.What’smore,thelatterhavealovingheartandseemtoshowsentimentalattachmentstoeverything.Inaway,wemayconcludethatmoststatesmenandgeneralsfallintotheformercategorywhilemostpoetsandartistsbelongtothelattertype.
43.UNIT3
I.
Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyour
ownwords.
1.Foryearswehavehaditdrummedintous—inprint,onradio,overtelevision,ineverydayconversation—thatanyhintofpainistobebanishedasthoughitweretheultimateevil.
44.repeatedlymadeknownto;repeatedlyforcedupon
2.Itisalltooevidentthatthecampaigntogetpeopletoruntoadoctoratthefirstsignofpainhasboomeranged.
45.producedtheresultoppositefromwhatwasintended
3.Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn’tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.
46.painsofacertainlevelabovewhichsomeeffectswillreveal
4.Themorefamoustheathlete,thegreatertheriskthatheorshemaybesubjectedtoextrememedicalmeasures
wheninjurystrikes.
47.forcedtoundergo
6.ButhisteamisbattlingforaplaceintheWorldSeries;sothetrainerorteamdoctor,calledupontoworkhismagic,reachesforastrongdoseofButazolidineorotherpowerfulpainsuppressants.
48.createsupernaturallywonderfuleffect
7.Littlewonderthatsomanystarathletesarecutdownintheirprime,morethevictimsofoverzealoustreatmentoftheirinjuriesthanoftheinjuriesthemselves.
49.forcedtodropoutatthetopoftheircareer
8.Buttheirindiscriminateandpromiscuoususeismakingpsychologicalcripplesandchronicailersoutofmillionsofpeople.
50.mentallyunbalancedordisabledindividuals
51.sufferersoflong-termpoorhealth
9.Theunremittingbarrageofadvertisingforpain-killingdrugs,especiallyovertelevision,hassetthestageforamassanxietyneurosis.
52.endlessandoverwhelmingoutpouring
53.Translation
I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
54.无知是我们理性生活的最大障碍之一。
对病痛的无知就是
一个恰当的例子。
很多人几乎不知道，疼痛并不总是表明
健康状态极糟，而经常是压力、担忧、无聊、枯燥，甚至
是睡眠不足、饮食过量或缺乏锻炼造成的。
更为糟糕的是，
他们对疼痛十分敏感。
结果，医生的办公室里挤满了各种
因疼痛病而前来就医的人。
医生往往处在一个进退两难的
境地。
一方面，他们在病人身上找不到引起疼痛的器质性
病因；另一方面，他们又怕忽视一些症状，而这些症状可
能是潜在的无法治愈疾病的先期警告。
另外，如果对于疼
痛的根本原因一无所知的情况普遍存在的话，那么对于止
痛药的药物性一无所知的情况也会变得同样普遍。
滥用止
痛药的危险在于：
或许止了疼痛却没有解决严重隐患。
人
们一般认为，止痛药之王是阿司匹林药片。
阿司匹林药片
无需处方即可出售。
然而，长期不间断使用该药片也可能
是致命的。
因此，让人们了解疼痛以及止痛药，将此作为
普及教育的一个组成部分极其重要。
这样，人们就会懂得
疼痛起始阶段的各种情况，懂得止痛药的药物性及其副作
用，恰当地处理疼痛病例。
55
.Hints
57.恰当的例子
acaseinpoint
58.
更为糟糕的是
Whatisworse
59.挤满了
60.处在一个进退两难的境地
61.器质性原因
62.无法治愈疾病
63.普遍存在
64.隐患
65.疼痛起始阶段
66.药物性
offices
beoverloadedwithcaughtinadilemmaorganiccause
incurableillness
widespread
underlyingcondition“threshold”varietyofpainmedicalsubstances
67.Key
68.Ignoranceisoneofthebiggestobstaclestoourintelligentlife.Ignoranceaboutpainisacaseinpoint.Painisnotalwaystheindicationofbrokenhealth.Manypeoplehavelittleknowledgeaboutthefactthatitisfrequentlytheresultofstress,worry,idleness,boredom,eveninsufficientsleep,overeatingorinadequateexercise.Whatisworse,theyaremostpain-conscious.Asaresult,doctors’areoverloadedwithpeoplewithailmentsofpain.Thedoctorstendtobecaughtinadilemma.Ononehand,theycanfindnoorganiccauseofpaininthepatient.On
theotherhand,theyareafraidthattheymayignoresymptomswhichcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyincurableillness.Inaddition,ifignoranceaboutthenatureofpainiswidespread,ignoranceaboutthenatureofpain-killingdrugswillbelikewisewidespread.Thedangeroftheabuseofpain-killingdrugsisthattheymaydeadenthepainwithoutcorrectingthegraveunderlyingcondition.Aspiriniscommonlyregardedasthekingofallpain-killers.Andaspirinispermittedtobesoldwithoutprescription.However,thedrugcanbelethalinsustaineddoses.Soitisextremelyimportanttomakeknowledgeaboutpainandpain-killingdrugspartofpopulareducation,sothattheindividualunderstandsthe“threshold”varietyofpain,themedicinalsubstancesandsideeffectsofpain-killingdrugsanddealswiththecaseofpainproperly.
69.UNIT5
I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.⋯whenIwanderedhourafterhouramongthestreets,bewilderedandalmostintoxicatedwithbeauty,feelingasa
poormanmightwhohaspinchedalllife,andmadethemostofsinglecoins,andwhoisbroughtintothepresenceofaheapofpiled-upgold,andtoldthatit
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