最新浙江自考专业英语试题及答案解析.docx
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最新浙江自考专业英语试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年10月自学考试专业英语试题
课程代码:
00196
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
本试卷分A、B卷,使用2018年版本教材的考生请做A卷,使用2018年版本教材的考生请做B卷;若A、B两卷都做的,以B卷记分。
A卷
Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswerforeachblank(10points,1pointforeachitem)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
1.Theresearchershouldreport,withcomplete___________,flawsinproceduraldesign.
A.confidenceB.frankness
C.carelessnessD.ignorance
2.Thefinalcomponentofthestrategicmanagementprocessis___________.
A.strategicanalysisB.strategicassessment
C.strategicformulationD.strategiccontrol
3.The___________approachattemptedtobuildspecificproceduresandprocessesintooperationstoensurecoordinationofeffort.
A.systematicmanagementB.scientificmanagement
C.administrativemanagementD.humanrelations
4.Goodresearchersalwaysspecifytheconditionsunderwhichtheirconclusionsseemtobe___________.
A.formalB.official
C.uselessD.valid
5.Morethananyothergroup,the___________representthehoteltoitsguests.
A.managersB.housekeepers
C.deskclerkD.safeguards
6.Economicsisusuallydefinedintermsof___________,asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomethingtomeeteveryone'swants.
A.scarcityB.utility
C.validityD.availability
7.Fordownwardcommunication,managersshouldprovide___________informationtotheirsubordinates.
A.allB.relevant
C.insufficientD.certain
8.Themajordifferencebetweenrestaurantsandcateringbusinessintheirwayofoperationis___________.
A.thekindoffoodB.thepremiseofbusiness
C.thetypeofserviceD.thelocationofservice
9.Theclassicalapproachesinmanagementincludethefollowingexcept___________.
A.bureaucracyB.publicrelations
C.administrativemanagementD.scientificmanagement
10.Thepriceofonecurrencyintermsofanotheriscalleda(n)___________.
A.interestrateB.exchangerate
C.interchangerateD.currencyrate
Ⅱ.ClozeTest(10points,1pointforeachitem)下列短文中有十个空白,每个空白有四个选
项,根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。
(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
Themostimportanttheoryabouthowpeopleinterprettheiroutcomesisequitytheory.Equitytheoryproposesthatwhenpeopleassesshowfairlytheyweretreated,theyconsidertwokeyfactors:
outcomesandinputs.11,asinexpectancytheory,refertothevariousthingstheemployeereceivesonthejob:
12,pay,benefits,satisfaction,security,jobassignments,punishments,andsoforth.Inputsrefertothe13theemployeemakestotheorganization:
effort,time,talent,performance,extracommitment,goodcitizenship,andsoforth.Peoplehaveageneralexpectationthattheoutcomestheyreceivewillreflect,orbe14to,theinputstheyprovide—afairday'spayforafairday'swork.
Butthiscomparisonofoutcomestoinputsisnotthewhole15.Peoplealsopayattentiontotheoutcomesandinputsothersreceive.Equitytheorysuggeststhatpeoplecomparethe16oftheirownoutcomestoinputsagainsttheoutcome-to-inputratioofsomecomparisonperson.The17personcanbeaco-worker,aboss,oranimpersonalitem.Iftheratiosareequivalent,peoplebelievetherelationshipis18,orfair.Equitycausespeopletobesatisfiedwiththeirtreatment.Butthepersonwhobelieveshisorherratiois19thanothers'willfeelinequitablytreated.Inequitycausesdissatisfactionandleadstoanattemptto20balancetotherelationship.
11.A.InputsB.ResultsC.OutcomesD.Rewards
12.A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizedD.recognition
13.A.conditionsB.distributionsC.contributionsD.reasons
14.A.proportionateB.outofproportionC.disproportionateD.acceptable
15.A.fictionB.novelC.storyD.history
16.A.rateB.rationalC.rationD.ratio
17.A.comparableB.comparativeC.comparisonD.compare
18.A.equitableB.equalC.equalityD.equivalent
19.A.moreB.higherC.lowerD.fewer
20.A.alternateB.innovateC.returnD.restore
Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointsforeachitem)阅读下列短文,根据短文,在每个问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)
PassageOne
Amoreseriousproblemplaguingtravelagentsasaresultofderegulation,however,hasbeenitsimpactontheairlineindustry.Deregulation,asitwasintended,hasledtoopencompetition,which,inturn,hasledtovariousformsofairlinepricewarsondomesticroutes.Withnumerousdiscountticketprograms,almostallofwhichhaverestrictions,frequentflyerprogramsofferingfreetravelbonusesalsosubjecttocertainrestrictionsanddailychangingratestructures,itisnotsurprisingtofindtravelagentsalmostasconfusedasthetravelersthemselves.Whatisworsefortravelagentsisthefactthatanincreasinglylargevolumeofsalesofhighlydiscountedticketsisrequiredtoproduceevensmallyields.Oftenthecostofservicetoselladiscountedticketwillexceedthecommissionearned.
Thetrendtowardbecomingafranchiseeorjoiningacooperativetravelgroupcontinuestogrow,sinceindependentsdonotenjoytheoverridecommissionsnegotiatedbythelargetravelcompanieswithcarriers.Theseoverridescanamounttoanadditional5percentcommission,andcanincreasethetravelagent'sprofitbyupto50percent.
Theindependenttravelagencywithnoaffiliationisfadingaway,replacedbymega-agenciesandfranchiseagreements.Theindependentagencycansurvivebyjoiningacooperativemarketingserviceoraconsortiumofagenciesthatisnecessarytonegotiatetheoverrideenjoyedbythefranchisedandmega-agency.Notonlydotheconsortiumsprovideoverrideenhancement,theyofferhelpwithsecuringbonds,corporateratesfromhotels,mutualpurchasingandinsuranceplans,andmembereducationalplans.Travelagenciesnormallyareopenfivedaysaweekbutaconsortiumorfranchisercansetup24-hour,7-day-a-weekservice.
Travelagencyownersmustreviewtheirmarketpositionfromtimetotimeandemphasizesalesthatproducethehighestprofit.Sometravelagencyownershavedecidedtosellonlytoursorcruises,highticketitems.Othersdeveloptheirowntours.Businessopportunitiesrequirestaffwithprofessionalknowledgeofmarketcompetition.
21.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofderegulation?
A.LessdomesticroutesB.Airlinepricewars
C.MorefrequentflyersD.Increasingtourismsales
22.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutairtravelers?
A.Theygetfreetravelbonuseswithoutrestrictions
B.Theyareconfused
C.Theyarenotinfluencedbydailychangingratestructures
D.Theygetthediscountedticketsfromtravelagentsonly
23.Theindependentagencywillhaveto___________tosurvive.
A.putmoreadvertisementstoselltickets
B.providetrainingcourseforemployeestoincreasesells
C.worklongerhoursandmoredaysinaweek
D.becomeamemberofaconsortium
24.Whydotheindependentagencieshavetojoinacooperativetravelgrouportobecomeafranchisee?
A.Theycansellmoreticketsatanormalprice.
B.Theycangetlowerticketdiscountfromairlines.
C.Theycanattractmoretouristsbasedontheadvertisements.
D.Theycanenjoytheoverridecommissions.
25.Whichofthefollowingisnotthehelpprovidedbyaconsortium?
A.Mutualsalesplans
B.Membereducationalplans
C.Corporateratesfromhotels
D.Overrideenhancement
PassageTwo
Animportantstatementofhowpeoplemakechoicesisthesubjectivelyexpectedutility(SEU)model.Thismodelstatesthatindividualschoosetheoptionthattheysubjectivelybelievewillhavethehighestvalue,orutility.Inthesimplestcase,SEU=(p×u).
SEUisthesubjectivelyexpectedutility,orvalue,ofanalternative;pistheprobabilitythatagivenconsequencewilloccur;anduistheutilityoftheoutcome.Accordingtothemodel,peoplewillchoosethealternativethathasthehighestSEU(value)andrejectalternativesoflesservalue.Thisisrational,maximizingchoice.
Considerasimpleexample.Acompanyisconsideringanacquisitionandhasnarroweditschoicetotwofirms.Manyfactorsmustbeconsidered,includingthetargetcompanies'currentfinancialstrengths,managementteams,productlines,andphysicalassets.ManagementconcludesthattheoutcomeofowningCompanyAhasautility(u)of.80andthatofowningCompanyBhasautilityof.60.Inotherwords,bothcompanieshavesomeappeal,butAismoreattractivethanB.However,managementexpectsCompanyAtofightthetakeoverandthusperceivesonlya.30probabilityofsuccessfullyacquiringCompanyA.Ontheotherhand,managementexpectsan.80probabilityofasuccessfulacquisitionofCompanyB.
TheSEUvaluesforthetwocoursesofactionare.24(.80×.30)forCompanyAand.48(.60×.80)forCompanyB.EventhoughAismoreattractive,theSEUmodelpredictsthatBwillbechosenoverA.Thisisbecause,giventhedifferentprobabilitiesofsuccess,managementsubjectivelyexpectsabetterfinaloutcomeonabidforCompanyB.
26.TheSEUmodelstateshowpeople___________.
A.makechoicesB.makesolutions
C.evaluatedecisionsD.identifyproblems
27.IntheSEUmodel,“p”is___________.
A.anoccurrence
B.theprobabilityofanoccurrence
C.theoutcome
D.theutilityoftheoutcome
28.Theword“acquisition”inthe2ndsentenceofthe3rdparagraphcanbereplacedby___________.
A.expectationB.possession
C.explorationD.generation
29.Thefactorsthatmustbeconsideredaboutthetargetcompaniesincludeallthefollowingexcept___________.
A.financialstatusB.productlines
C.employeeteamsD.physicalassets
30.Intheexample,CompanyBwillbechosenbecauseithas___________.
A.ahigherutilitythanCompanyA
B.alowerutilitythanCompanyA
C.ahigherprobabilityofbeingsuccessfullyacquired
D.alowerprobabilityofbeingsuccessfullyacquired