乡村旅游在土耳其的评估使用SWOT分析外文翻译.docx

乡村旅游在土耳其的评估使用SWOT分析外文翻译.docx

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乡村旅游在土耳其的评估使用SWOT分析外文翻译

外文翻译

AssessmentofRuralTourisminTurkeyUsingSWOTAnalysis

MaterialSource:

JournalofApplieSciencesAuthor:

HasanAkca

INTRODUCTION

Turkeyisacountrysituatedatcrossroadsofthreecontinents:

Asia,EuropeandAfrica.Itoccupiessome780thousandkm^2oflandandissurroundedby8000kmofcoastline.Accordingtotheresultsof2000populationcensus,thepopulationofthecountryis67803927.Nearly35%ofthecountrypopulationlivesinruralareas.Thenumberofvillagesisnearly37thousandandabouttwo-thirdsofthemhavepopulationsbelow500.Besides,one-thirdsofruraldwellersliveinthevillageslocatedwithinandadjacenttotheforests.

Theneedtoredressregionalimbalancesandtoimproveincomedistributionamongvarioussectionsofsocietyisengagingtheattentionofpolicymakers.Thecreationofemployment,theimprovementofrurallivingstandardsandthereversalofthetrendtowardsmigrationofruralpopulationstourbanareasaresomeofthemainobjectivesofTurkishgovernment'sruraldevelopmentpolicies（MuthooandOnul,1996）

Atthebeginningof1990s,Turkeyhasdecidedtodiversifytourisminordertocompetewithwesterncountries.ThebasicphilosophyofnewtourismconceptofTurkeycanbesummarizedastourismactivityinfourseasons,throughoutthecountryandevaluatingcultural,historical,environmentalpotentialofthecountry.Inthiscontext,Turkeyisworkingontwotypesofalternativetourism.Thefirsttypeincludesbotanical,airballoon,water-related,thermalandhealth,physicalrecreation,religiousandculturaltourism.Thesecondtype,closelyrelatedtothefirst,includescampingandcaravan,birdwatching（ornithology）,wintersports,hunting（sportivefishingandwildanimals）andgolftourism（Pirnar,1996;TavmergenandOral,1999）.NorthernandCentralAnatolianactorsarebusypromotingruralandhighlandholidays,softtourismactivitieslikerafting,trekkingandcavingwhilelocalpartnersalongtheSoutherncoastarebusydevelopingmasstourismactivities（Goymen,2000）.

RuraltourismisattheintroductionstageoftourismproductlifecyclesinceitisanewactivityinTurkey.Therefore,thenumberofresearchdealingwithruraltourismislimited.Andalsothereisadifficultyingatheringanddisseminatingdata.InordertolookthefutureclearlyandmakeaccuratepoliciesdrawingthewholepictureofruraltourisminTurkeyisveryimportant.

Inthiscontext,theaimofthestudyistoevaluatecurrentconstraintsforandfuturepossibilitiesofruraltourismsectorpointofviewofconservationofnatural,historicalandculturalvalues,sustainableruraldevelopmentandintegratingtourism,agriculturalandruraldevelopmentpoliciesofTurkeywiththoseoftheEU.

THECONCEPTOFRURAT,TOURISM

Ruraltourismisamulti-facetedactivity:

Itisnotjustfarm-basedtourism.Itincludesfarm-basedholidaysbutalsocomprisesspecialinterestnatureholidaysandeco-tourism,walking,climbingandridingholidays,adventure,sportandhealthtourism,huntingandangling,educationaltravel,artsandheritagetourismand,insomeareasethnictourism（BramwellandLane,1994）

Lackofstudiesonruraltourismiscompoundedfurtherbytheabsenceofacommonlyaccepteddefinitionastowhatconstitutesruraltourism.Sometimesruraltourismisequatedwithfarmtourism（Oppermann,1996）.SomeauthorsincludeoutdoorrecreationandtourisminNationalParksandwildernessareasintoruraltourism（Ladki,1993;Owens,1984）;ButDernoi（1991）excludesthem.Ontheotherhand,Pearce（1990）discussessecondhomesinthecontextofruraltourism.

RURALTOURISMACTIVITIESINTURKEY

InrecentyearslocalgovernorsandNGOsthroughoutthecountryhavebeentryingtobenefitfromruraltourismviasupplyingallhistorical,natural,culturelandreligiousvaluesinbothdomesticandforeigntourismmarkets.Someoftheactivitiesaresummarizedasfollows:

UrgedmunicipalityhasdecidedtoapplyaprojectaimingatintroductionofrurallifeintheCappadociaregion.Totalbudgetoftheprojectis50milliondollarsanditwillbeorganizedbyMagicLifeInternational.Inthecontextofproject,bothdomesticandforeignvisitorswillattendvillageweddingceremonies,cooktraditionalruralmeals,milkingcowsandsheep.

IntheValleyofKizilcukur,locatedinthedistrictofOrtahisar,Nevsehirprovincelocalgovernorisorganizedatourfortouristtoseethesun.Becausethisareaisagoodplacewherethesunrisesandsetsbestintheworld.Everyyearnearly30,000touristsvisittheplacepayingnearly$1.5perday.

CamelwrestlingisorganizedinmanyvillagesandcountiesofMediterranean,MarmaraandEgeanregionsduringwinterseason.

Inthelasttwoyears,soapoperaweremadeinruralareasofTurkey.Inaddition,TurkishfilmsnamedSunShinesfromtheEast,TasteattheSummitsandHeadsorTailsweremadeinCappadocia.Therefore,manypeoplegotovillagesmentionedabovetoseeactorsandactress.Visithistoricalplacesandlivenostalgia.

InrecentyearssometourismagencieshaveorganizedtourscoveringtherouteofSilkRoad.

SomeruralpeoplewhoweretrainedbyprofessionalsjointparalyzingactivityinruralareasofArizonianandMuglaprovinces.

TherearesomeprivateorganizationssupplyingruraltourismserviceinSouthwestpartofTurkey.OneofthemisHUZURVADISI.Itisaholidayretreat,whichoffersyoga,holisticandwalkingholidaysandalternativetherapiesatabeautifultraditionalrestoredfarmsteadinasecludedmountainvalleyonFisheyecoast.Touristsareaccommodatedincomfortablenomadicyurts,aspecialhighlightoftheholiday.AnotherprofessionalruraltourismactivityisorganizedbyTOHUMpresentsanopportunitytovisitandliveintraditionalvillages,organicfarming,folkdancingandotheractivities.

BlackSeaRegionofTurkeyissuitableforecotourismandplateautourism.Inthecontextofruraltourismprojects,somelocalgovernorsareestablishingorrestoringwoodencottagesinthehighlandstoaccommodatetourists.Duringtheholidayvisitorshaveanopportunitybreathingfreshair,eatingtraditionalmealsandsightseeingtheexoticfloraandfauna.

MATERIALSANDMETHODS

SWOTanalysistechniquewasusedinordertoexplaincurrentconstraintsandfuturepossibilitiesofruraltourisminTurkey.SWOTstandsforstrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreats.ASWOTanalysisisessentiallyabrainstormingsessiononthekeyvariablesthataffectafirm's/sector'sperformance（Hendricks,1999;Huberetal.1999）.

Inthestudyfollowingmethodswereusedinordertocollectdata:

i）thoroughouttheyear2004,allTVprogramsshowedin20TVchannelsrelatedtotourism,rurallife,culturalactivity,mountain,etcwerewatched,ii）10provincesandtheircountiesandvillageswerevisitedindifferentgeographicalregionsofthecountry,iii）reportedspeechesweremadewithruraldwellersinordertodefinepossiblepotentialsourcesforruraltourism,iv）literaturewasreviewedtohavebackgroundinformationaboutruraltourismandtheirlikelyeffectsonruralpeopleandareas.v）governmentpolicieswereexaminedtolearntheirviewsonruraldevelopmentandruraltourism.

RESULTSANDDISCUSSION

TheresultsofSWOTanalysisofruraltourisminTurkeyaregiveninTable1.

Table1:

SOWTanalysisofruraltourisminTurkey

Strengths

Weaknesses

TourismEncouragementActNo:

2634

2010TourismVisionofTurkishGovern-ment

Declarationoftheyear2002as“InternationalYearofMountains”

Unspoiledenvironmentandfloraandfauna

UnlimitedhospitalofTurkishruraldwellers

Changesinthepreferencesoftourists

Extraordinarylandscape

Neartomaintouristmarketsgeographically

Supplyingexoticcombinationofwestandwestandeast

Difficultiesinmarketingofruraltourismproductatinternationalmarkets

Lackofscientificmeetingrelatedtoruraltourismatlocalandnationallevel

Difficultiesingatheringanddisseminatingdate

Inadequateacademicstudyonruraltourism

Lackofco-ordinationamongruralNGO

Limitednumberofaccommodation

Notspeakingofforeignlanguagesbyruralpeople

Opportunities

Threats

HavingopportunityfortourismthroughTurkeyinfourseasons

Developmentsinawarenessofurbanpe-

opletonature,undiscovereddestinations

IncreaseinthenumberofTVprogramsfocusingontoruralareas

Younganddynamicpopulationintheruralareastobeadoptedtheconceptoftourismeasily

CandidacyofTurkeyformembershiptotheEU

Constructing15000kmofthedouble-road

Warpossibilityinneighbor

Affects11SeptembereventsintheUSAonworldtourism

Deceaseindomestictourists’householdincome

PromotionofruraltourismasanewproductisverylowinTurkey,comparedtowesterncountries.However,inrecentyearstherehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionprogramsfocusedonruralityandalsoruraltourisminTurkey.Everybodyexceptthattheseprogramshaveanimportantroleintheintroductionofruraldwellers'lifestyle,floraandfaunaandhistoricalandculturalvaluesinruralareastourbanpeopledesiringtoseedifferentplaces,toliveadventureandtobeinanaturalenvironment.Someoftheprogramsaresummarizedasfollows:

AdrenalineontheBRT,CaravanandAdventureronSTV,VitalPointonNTV,DiscovereronATV,TelecriticsandRainbowonTGRT,.Let'sVisitandSeeandInEddiesorwhirls:

AnatoliaonTRT1,SeaMagazine,Zeugma.Yesterday,TodayandTurnoveronTRT2andMr.TourismandHolidayGuideonTV8,NostalgiaonFlashTV,ThingsthatwehavenotseenandheardonStar.

CONCLUSION

Turkeyhasanimportantpotentialtourism.However,ruraltourismresourcesforalternativehavenotbeenusedforthedevelopmento