现代大学英语5册生词及修辞解释.docx

现代大学英语5册生词及修辞解释.docx

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现代大学英语5册生词及修辞解释

CollegeEnglish5

1.Wheredowegofromhere?

·wordsexplanation:

<1>,substandard:

belowstandard,specificallybelowastandardestablishedasbylaw.

<2>,massive:

substantial;impressive;extensive.

<3>assert:

stateclearly.

<4>,unassailable（不容置疑的）:

Thatcannotbesuccessfullydeniedorcontested.

<5>,majestic:

verygoodordignified.

<6>,manhood:

thestateofbeinghuman.

<7>,grim:

sinister（阴险的，灾难性的）.

<8>,foul:

offensivetothesenses;revolting（背叛的）,disgusting.

<9>,personhood:

thequalityorconditionofbeinganindividualperson.

<10>,homicide:

anykillingofonehumanbeingbyanother.

<11>,strain:

exert（运用，发挥）,useortaxtotheutmost.

<12>,manacle:

anyrestraint,fetter（束缚，羁绊）orshackle（桎梏）forthehand.

<13>,self-abnegation:

lakeofconsiderationforoneselforone’sowninterest,self-denial.自我克制

<14>,sinful:

wicked,immoral.

<15>,resignation:

givingup.

<16>,conscienceless:

withoutasenseofrightandwrong.

<17>contend:

argue,striveindebateorcontroversy.

<18>incarcerate:

imprison.

<19>,potent:

effectiveorpowerfulinaction.

<20>,edifice:

anyelaboratelyconstructedinstitution,organization.大厦，大建筑物

<21>,divine:

inspiredbygod,holy.

<22>,creed:

astatementofbelief,principles.

<23>,frustration:

beingpreventedfromachievinganobjective.

<24>,bewilderment:

beingtotallyconfusedasaresultoftheissuebeingtoocomplicatedandfailureofthinkingclearly.迷惑，慌张

<25>,buoyancy:

cheerfulness,lightnessorresilience（弹力，恢复力）ofspirit.

<26>,fatigue:

mentalexhaustion.

<27>,ethereal:

heavenly.

<28>,dastardly:

asneaking（鬼鬼祟祟的）,malicious（恶意的）cowardicethatismanifestedinadespicable（卑劣的）act.

<29>,bier:

acoffinanditssupportingplatform.

<30>,audacious:

fearless.

<31>degenerate:

havingsunkbelowanormalcondition.

<32>,whimsical:

古怪的，异想天开的oddlyoutoftheordinary,fanciful,unpredictable.

<33>abhor:

痛恨，憎恶shrinkfrominfear.

<34>,dislocation:

disruption.

<35>,prevalence:

wideexistence.

<36>,allegiance:

效忠theobligationofsupportandloyaltytoone’sruler.

·rhetoricaldevices:

<1>,aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.

Antithesis:

mindvs.body;enslavedvs.free.对仗手法

<2>,psychologicalfreedomisthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.

Metaphor:

comparingthelonghistoryofslaverytoalongnight.Theword”night”isusedheretoindicateaperiodofdarknessandgloom,aperiodofmoraldegeneration.

<3>,loveisidentifiedwitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.

Antithesis:

thespeakerworksonthetwowords”love”and“power”inordertobringoutthecontrast.

<4>,whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.

Parallelstructure

<5>,poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.

Parallelstructure

<6>,itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhichconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.

Chiasmus（交错法）

<7>,wivesandchildrenwilldiminishwhentheunjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminated.

Metaphor

<8>,itissomethinglikeimprovingthefoodintheprisonwhilethepeopleremainsecurelyincarceratedbehindbars.

Simile

<9>,withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolveanswersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

Paradoxandparallelstructure

<10>,youmaymurderamurderbutyoucannotmurdermurder

Antithesisandparallelstructure

<11>,andIhaveseentoomuchhate…toogreataburdentobear.

Parallel

<12>,wearecalledupontohelpthediscouragedbeggarsinlife’smarketplace.

Metaphor

<13>letusbedissatisfied…

①，parallelstructure

②，antithesis:

Darkyesterdayvs.brighttomorrow

③，metaphorandsimile

④，biblicalallusion（典故）

⑤，anaphora（首语重复法）

<14>,therewillbethosemethodswhenthebuoyancy（浮力，轻快的心情）ofhopewillbetransformedintothefatigueofdespair.

Antithesis

<15>,whenourdaysbecomedarkerthanathousandmidnights,letusrememberthatthereisacreativeforceinthisuniverse,workingtopulldownthegigantismmountainsofevil,apowerthatisabletomakeawayoutofnowayandtransformdarkyesterdaysintobrighttomorrows.Letusrealizethearcofthemoraluniverseislongbutitbendstowardsjustice.

①，metaphor

②，antithesis

③，paradox

2.Twokinds

·wordsexplanation:

<1>,prodigy:

ayoungpersonwhoisextremelycleverorgoodatdoingsomething

<2>,crinkle:

fullofwrinkles

<3>,soggy:

unpleasantlywetandsoft

<4>,lamented:

toexpressannoyanceordisappointmentaboutsomethingyouthinkisunsatisfactory

<5>,bellow:

adeephollowsound吼叫

<6>,foghorn:

ahornonashiporlighthousesoundedasawarningduringafog

<7>,drill:

toteachsomeonebymakingthemrepeatsomethingmanytimes

<8>,sauciness:

鲁莽傲慢impertinence

<9>,reverie:

dreamingthinking,imagingofespeciallyagreeablethings,fancifulmusing;daydreaming

<10>,squabble:

发生口角toquarrelcontinuouslyaboutsomethingunimportant

<11>,debut:

afirstappearanceinpublicasofanactor

<12>,squawk:

抗议toutteraloud,hushcryasaparrotorchicken

<13>,prance:

toriseuponthehindlegsinalivelywaywhilemovingalong

<14>,sulky:

生气的dissatisfaction

<15>,envision:

toimaginesomethingnotyetinexistence;topictureinthemind

<16>,bewitch:

togetcontroloversomeonebyputtingamagicspellonthem:

蛊惑

<17>,jumble:

anuntidymixtureofthings

<18>,tricky:

requiringgreatskillorcare

<19>:

manger:

alongopencontainerthathorse,cattle,etc,eatfrom

<20>,sauciness:

thequalityofbeingrude,impudent

<21>,nonchalantly:

冷淡的withoutwarmthorenthusiasm,notshowinginterest

3.Goodsmove,peoplemove,ideaschange

·wordsexplanation:

<1>,dislodge:

todriveout,toforcefromapositionorplacewherelodged.

<2>,afield:

awayfromhome

<3>,dynamic:

aforceproducingmotionorchange

<4>,crease:

折痕afoldorwrinkle

<5>,inconsistencies:

notuniform,inharmoniousorself-contradictoryfactors

<6>,bedfellow:

anassociate,alley,confederate,etc.

<7>,blast:

toattackorcriticizesharply

<8>,booster:

enthusiasticsupporter

<9>,resourceful:

abletodealpromptlyandeffectivelywithproblems,difficulties,etc

<10>,resilient:

有弹力的recoveringstrength,spirits,goodhumor,quickly;Buoyant

<11>,hangout:

tospendmuchofone’stime;frequent

<12>,seedy:

shabby,rundown

<13>,trendy:

inthelatestfashion

<14>,fuse:

tounitebymeltingtogetherintosomethingindissoluble

<15>,unleash:

解除束缚freefromrestraint

<16>,plunge:

extendfardowninarevealingway

<17>,sterile:

贫瘠notstimulating

<18>,penitence:

忏悔sorrowoverhavingsinnedordonewrong

<19>,salubrious:

清爽的healthful,wholesome,promotinghealthorwelfare

<20>,ostensible:

表面的apparent;Seeming;professed

<21>,chunky:

shortandthick

<22>,jostle:

推挤tocomeorbringintoclosecontact

·rhetoricaldevices:

<1>,itisstillplayedalloverAsiainsmallroomsthatarefullofsmokeandtheceaselessclickofthechunkyplastictilesandthefierceconcentrationoftheplayers.ItisalsoplayedbyrichsocietywomenatcountryclubsinBeverlyandinapartmentsonManhattan’supperwestside.

Contrastandantonomasia（代称，换喻）,thesmallroominAsiastandforlower-middle-classpeopleinAsiawhilethecountryclubsinBeverlystandforrichpeopleintheunitedstates.Theauthorcontrastsanumberofthings:

Asiavs.theu.s.;lower-middle-classpeoplevs.richupper-classpeople;menvs.societywomen

4.Professionsforwomen

·wordsexplanation:

<1>,wile:

诡计，阴谋atrickorcunningprocedure

<2>,halo:

acircleoflightshownsurroundingtheheadofsacredperson

<3>,lethargy:

嗜睡症，死气沉沉lackofenergyorvitality活力;atorpid迟钝的,inert,orapathetic冷漠的state

<4>,cranny:

裂缝acrack

<5>,submerge:

toplaceunderorcoverwithwater;tocoverover,tosuppress

<6>,impede:

阻止tobarorhindertheprogressof;toobstructordelay

<7>,pluck:

快而猛的拉toremovebypickingorpullingoutoraway

<8>,flung:

tothrowsomethingquicklywithalotofforce

<9>,fictitious:

referringtothatwhichisinventedbytheimaginationandisthereforenotreal,true,oractuallyexistent

<10>,falsehood:

说谎thepracticeoftellinglies

<11>,proceeds:

收益themoneyorprofitderivedfromasale,businessventureetc.

<12>,unconscious:

notawareofone’sexistence,notconsciousofone’sself.

<13>,induce:

引诱tocauseaparticularphysicalcondition（formal）

<14>,trance:

astateinwhichyoubehaveasifyouwereasleepbutarestillabletohearandunderstandwhatissaidtoyou,similartotheunconsciousstate

<15>,smash:

粉碎ahard,heavyhitorblow;aviolentcollision

<16>,severity:

严重thequalityorconditionofbeingsevere,strictness,harshness

<17>,formidable;causingfearordread;hardtohandleorovercome

·rhetoricaldevices:

<1>,killingtheangelinthehouse

Metaphor

5.Loveisafallacy

·wordsexplanation:

<1>,flaccid:

软弱的soft,flabby;Hanginginloosefolds

<2>,spongy:

likeasponge;softandporous

<3>,trauma:

aterminpsychiatrymeaningapainfulemotionalexperienceorshock,oftenproducingalastingpsychiceffect

<4>,penetrating:

尖锐的深刻sharp;Keenoracute

<5>,dynamo:

发动机，精力充沛的人anearlierformforgenerator,amachinethatcovertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy

<6>,submit:

提交toofferasanopinion;Suggest,propose

<7>,craze:

somethingthatiscurrentlythefashion;fad

<8>,incredulous:

怀疑的unwillingorunabletobelieve,doubting;Skeptical;showingdoubtordisbelief

<9>,calculated:

undertakenoracceptedaftertheprobableresultshavebeenestimated

<10>,