完整版毕业设计外文翻译外文原文.docx

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完整版毕业设计外文翻译外文原文

AnnualReviewsinControl31（2007）211一20

FuturetrendsinprocessautomationAuthorVitae

HelsinkiUniversityofTechnology,LaboratoryofProcessControlandAutomation,Kemistintie1,FIEspoo,Finland

Received27April2007

Accepted29August2007

Availableonline29October2007

Abstract

Theimportanceofautomationintheprocessindustriesrecentyears.Intheservestoenhanceproductquality,masterthewholerangeofproducts,improveprocesssafetyandplantavailability,efficientlyutilizeresourcesandloweremissions.Intherapidlydevelopingcountries,massproductionisthemainmotivationforapplyingprocessautomation.Thegreatestdemandforprocessautomationisinthechemicalindustry,powergeneratingindustry,andpetrochemicalindustry;thefastestgrowingdemandforisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.

Theimportanceofautomationtechnologycontinuestoincreaseintheprocessindustries.Thetraditionalbarriersbetweeninformation,communicationandautomationtechnologyare,intheoperationalcontext,graduallydisappearing.Thelatesttechnologies,includingwirelessnetworks,fieldbussystemsandassetmanagementsystems,boosttheefficiencyofprocesssystems.Newapplicationfieldslikebiotechnologyandmicrotechnologyposechallengesforfuturetheoreticalworkinthemodeling,analysisanddesignofcontrolsystems.Inthispapertheindustrytrendsthatareshapingcurrentautomationrequirements,aswellasthefuturetrendsinprocessautomation,arepresentedanddiscussed.

Keywords

Processautomation;

Futuretrends

1.Introduction

Thestartingpointsinassessingthefutureneedsforautomationare,ontheonetheother,thewayinwhichtheyarereflectedinthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheeconomy.Globalriskmanagementwillattainevergreaterimportanceinthefuture.Inparticular,bettercontrolandanticipationisneededinordertocontaintherisksrelatedtotheeconomy,environment,energyandinfrastructure.Facedwithclimatechangeandagrowingscarcityofrawmaterials,theworldneedstofindanddevelopnewenvironmentalandenergysolutions.Theworld'swatersupplyisalsoinneedofdevelopment.Internationalcompetitionandglobalbusinessenvironmentsreacheverywhere.Businessoperationsandcapitalmarketsaredynamic;theyseekenvironmentsthatofferthebestopportunitiesforsuccessinopencompetition.Inadditiontobusinessandproduction,alsoR&Dseeksthebestpossibleoperationalenvironments.Economic,organizationalandtechnologicaltrendswillcausesignificantchangesinautomationtechnologyduringthenextfewyears.

Bydevelopingtechnologies,itispossibletofindsolutionstothebasicneedsofsocietyandtheindustry.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyallofthecurrentcompetitiveadvantagesandtocreatenewonesinmanynewfields,thusfurtherimprovingprosperityandwell-being.Thedevelopmentofofnewcooperationmodels:

networkingamongbusinesscompanies,universitiesandresearchinstitutes,aswellasdecision-makersinthepublicsector.Atrans-disciplinaryapproache.g.inmaterialsdevelopmentrequiresexpertiseinphysics,chemistry,biomaterials,electronics,communications,programmingandautomation.

Globalizationalongbringswithitsocialchallengesandproblemsintheinteractionbetweendifferentpopulationgroupsandcultures.Thegrowthofmulticulturalismrequiresnewmanagementpractices,knowledgeofforeigncultures,andtheabilitytosupportandtakeadvantageoftheexistenceofminoritiesanddifference.Themanagementanddevelopmentofskillsandcompetencesinadecentralizedorganizationisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.

Theimportanceofautomationintheprocessindustryrecentyears.Ittheentirechemical,oil,gasandbiotechnologyindustries.Innovativeinstrumentationsystemsnowcontrolcomplexprocesses,ensuringprocessreliabilityandsafety,andprovideabasisforadvancedmaintenancestrategies.Incessantcostpressuresinthechemicalandbioindustriesleavenoalternativetoimprovedproductivity.Companiesneedtotakeaengineeringwillplayacentralrole.Processcontrolensuresthattheplantassetscontinuouslyoperatepredictablywithinthemostprofitablerange,leadingtoagreateroutputofconsistentproducts,reliability,yieldandqualityusinglessenergy.Thistechnologywillandretrofittingactivitydesignedtoincreaseflexibility.

Inthispapertheindustrytrendsthatareshapingcurrentautomationrequirements,aswellasthefuturetrendsinprocessautomation,arepresentedanddiscussed.Thepaperisstructuredasfollows:

InSection2developmentoftheautomationmarketfortheprocessindustriesupuntil2010ispresented:

marketdevelopmentsbyindustries,regionsandproductandservices.InSection3futureautomationtechnologytrends,liketheintegrationofproductionandbusinessoperationsandindustrialcommunicationtechnologies,arediscussed.Thepaperendswithrecentaccomplishmentsandfutureapplicationtrendsinprocessautomation.

2.Developmentoftheautomationmarketfortheprocessindustriesupuntil2010

2.1.Marketdevelopmentsbyindustries

AccordingtothereportbyIntechnoConsulting（Basel,Switzerland）,theworldmarketforprocessautomationwillgrowatanaverageannualrateof5.1%between2005and2010toreach94.2billion$in2010.Thegreatestdemandforprocessautomationisinthechemicalindustry,powergeneratingindustry,andpetrochemicalindustry;thefastestgrowingdemandforisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Theshareofinindividualapplicationsectors.

Fig.1.Developmentoftheworldmarketforprocessautomationupuntil2010—segmentationbyindustries

2.2.Marketdevelopmentbyregions

NorthAmericaistheleadingmarketforprocessautomation.Asia-PacificandEasternEuropearewinningmarketsharesfromWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica.ChinaisagrowingengineforautomationinAsia,inspiteofitslowerlevelsofplantautomation.India,too,isgainingmarketsharesworldwide.Intheservestoenhanceproductquality,masterthewholerangeofproducts,improveprocesssafetyandplantavailability,efficientlyutilizeresourcesandloweremissions.Intherapidlydevelopingcountries,masteringmassproductionisthemainmotivationforapplyingprocessautomation.Qualityandenvironmentalaspectsare,2000werefortheprocesscontrollevel,and60.7%forthefieldlevel,includingallsensors,measurementequipment,andactuatorsintegratedinthevariousprocesstechnologicalmachines.By2010,theshareofcontrollevelinfieldbuscommunicationandEthernetTCP-IPcomponents.Theformerisexpectedtogrowatarateof8.2%year,andthatofthelattershouldbearound17%.

Theshareofexternalengineeringdemandwillkeepincreasingworldwide.Itisexpectedtorisefrom13.9%in2000to15.5%in2010.Engineeringexpendituresareexpectedtofurtherincrease,especiallyinthoseindustrieswithprototypeplants.Thetrendtowardsrationalizationandplantoptimization,accompaniedbyincreasedintegrationofautomationsystemswiththeinformationsystemsoftheproductionsiteandtheenterpriselevel,willfurtheraddtotheengineeringshareoutofthetotalplantprojectcosts.

3.Futuretechnologytrendsinautomation

3.1.Currentstatusoftheindustrialcommunicationtechnologies

Evolutionofcommunicationtechnologieschangesinthestructureofindustrialautomationsystems.Upuntilnow,communicationsupportinplantautomationsystemsdefinedaccordingtothecomputerintegratedmanufacturing（CIM）concept.Inthissuchawaythateachdeviceisdesignedforaspecifictask,andspecificnetworksareusedtointerconnectdevicesatthesamelevel,i.e.thoserunningthesametask.

However,thedevicesonefunction,ormodule,whichincreasestheintelligenceleveloftheequipmentautomation.Deviceslikesensorsthatusedformeasurementnowarchitecture.Nevertheless,themostoftheprocesscontrolstrategies.

Abriefsurveyofthemostimportantindustrial,low-layerprotocols（referringtotheISOmodel）isgiveninthefollowing.Inaddition,somecurrentlyessentialoremergingprotocols

Themostwidelyavailableindustrialnetworksatthepresenttimecanbeclassifiedintothreemaincategories:

traditionalfieldbusses,Ethernet-basednetworksandwirelessnetworks.

TheworldwideleaderswithintheautomationdomainwithrespecttothenumberofinstalledFieldbusnodesarenodes）andInterbus（about7millionnodes）.AgoodcommercialpositionisalsoFieldbus.Fieldbustechnologyindustrialautomation,andfulfillsthecurrenttechnicalrequirementsoflocalindustrialcommunicationsatthefieldlevelofanenterprise.

HARTandFoundationFieldbusthisdiagnosticcapabilitytotheprocesssurroundingtheinstrument.Asthistrendcontinues,wewillbenefitfrompredictiveintelligence.Wewillknowmoreabouttheofpotentialproblemsandprofit-draininginefficiencies.Wewillmovefromabnormalsituationmanagementtoabnormalsituationprevention.

Theincreaseddatatransferneedsofthecurrentlypopularofficenetworktechnology–Ethernet-basednetworks–intoindustrialenvironments.Severalorganizations（e.g.IAONA（IndustrialAutomationNetworkingAlliance））arepromotingtheuseofEthernetinindustrialautomation.Intheseapplications,thefieldbusstandardsalsoincludeEthernet-basednetworks,whichimplementtheEthernetprotocolinlowlayers.Themaindevelopmentareaisthereal-timerequirementsofthesenetworks.Currently,theworkinggroupIEC（InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission）WG11isrefiningtheRTErequirements.TheEthernet-basedindustrialnetworksincludedintheIEC61784standardare:

EthernetIP,Profinet,Interbu