新人教版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类A卷.docx

新人教版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类A卷.docx

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新人教版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类A卷

新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）A卷

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一、阅读理解（共5题；共52分）

1.（10分）（2019·泉州模拟）阅读理解

Weusuallythinkthatplantsalwaysstayquietandneverspeak.Grassdoesn'tcrywhenyoucutit;flowersdon'tshoutwhenthey'repicked.Butthisviewoftheworldcouldn'tbemorewrong.Plantstalktoeachotherallthetime.Theirlanguageisoneofchemicals.

Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundthatdifferenttypesofplants,fromtreestotomatoes,sendcompounds（复合物）intotheairtohelpneighboringplants.Butexactlyhowplantsreceiveandactonmanyofthesesignalsisstillamystery.

ScientistsfromKyotoUniversityinJapanlookedattomatoplantsthathadbeenbittenbyinsects.Tostartout,theygrewplantsintwoplasticbagsconnectedbyatube（管子）.Oneplanthadbeenbittenbyinsects.Theotherwasnotbitten.

Theyfoundthatwheninsectsbiteplantleaves,theplantsdon'tsitquietly.Theysendachemicalcalled"hexvic"intotheair.Humanscan'tnoticeit,butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.Thisway,neighboringplantsrealizethedangerandbegintogiveoffmore"hexvic"toprotectthemselves.

Thesamescientistscontinuedtheirresearchbyplacinginsectsontheplantsthathadnotbeenbitten.Theplantswereabletokillnearly50percentoftheinvaders,muchmorethantheirneighbor.

Itwassurprisingthattheplantsthathadnotbeenbittendidn'tsendthechemicaluntilthereceivedawarningmessagefromtheirinfested（受侵的）neighbor,thescientistssaid.Thesefindingscouldbeusedtohelpfarmerswiththecontroloftheinsectswhichdoharmtotheirplants.

（1）Whenbittenbyinsects,thetomatoplant__________.

A.stayedquietwithoutdoinganything    

B.diedimmediatelyafterthat    

C.sentoutachemicaltowarnothers    

D.wouldn'tbehurtagainbythesameinsects    

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invaders"inParagraph5referto?

A.Scientists    

B.Insects.    

C.Compounds.    

D.Farmers.    

（3）Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?

A.Tomatoplantsareeasilybittenbyinsects.    

B.Thesmellofhexvicisakindofwarningmessage.    

C.Hexviccanhelpplantskillalltheinsectsnearthem.    

D.Plantswon'tgiveoffchemicalsuntiltheyarehurt.    

（4）WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Plantsdon'tcommunicatewitheachother.

B.Scientistsdidtheresearchwithtwoplantsbittenbyinsects.

C.Thefindingsoftheresearchhelpfarmerstoprotecttheirplants.

D.Communicationamongplantsisnolongeramystery.

（5）What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.GrowingTomatoes    

B.TalkingPlants    

C.HarmfulChemicals    

D.ScientificResearches    

2.（12分）阅读理解

Lastyear,aspecialkindofglovecameout.ItwasinventedtohelpblindpeopletolearnBraille,whichisaspecialsystemfortheblindtoreadbytouching.Shakingmotors（震动马达）areputoneachfingeroftheglove.Theycanmakedifferentsoundstotellauserwhichletterheistouching.Recently,twoBritishcollegestudentshaveinventedanotherspecialglovefortheblind.Itcanmaketheuserfeelsmallandquickmovements.Anultrasonicsensor（超声波传感器）withabatteryisputonthebackoftheglove.Whentheuserwearingthegloveisclosetoanobject（物体）,ultrasonicwaves（超声波）fromtheglovearesentout（发出）.Assoonastheyhittheobjectinfront,thewaveswillreturntotheglove.Thenthewavescausetheglovetoshake.Andtheultrasonicsensormakesdifferentkindsofsounds.Thesoundsmaketheuserknowhowfarheisfromtheobject.

Inthecollegeinventioncompetition,thetwostudentsgotfirstprizeandwon1,540pounds.Oneofthedesignerssaid,"Nowtheultrasonicsensoronthegloveisquitelarge.We'regoingtousethemoneytodevelopasmallerandlighterultrasonicsensor."

（1）Theunderlinedword"Braille"inthepassagemeans"               "inChinese.

A.盲文    

B.口语    

C.手语    

（2）Theglovewithanultrasonicsensor                .

A.canmakeonlyonekindofsound    

B.canmaketheuserfeelsmallandquickmovements    

C.wasdesignedbytwoAmericancollegestudents    

（3）Picture           showshowtheglovewithanultrasonicsensorworksaccordingtothepassage.

A.    

B.    

C.

（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thesoundsfromtheultrasonicsensormaketheuserknowwhattheobjectis.

B.Thetwocollegestudentswantedtouse15,400poundstodeveloptheglove.

C.Theglovewithshakingmotorswasinventedforblindpeople.

（5）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheWaytoMakeGloves    

B.TwoKindsofSpecialGloves    

C.AnUltrasonicSensorandShakingMotors    

3.（10分）（2018八下·海淀期末）阅读理解

Rik-rrork.That'sthesoundmadebyfrogssingingatnight.Youmighthavethoughtthenoiseswerejustthemusicalsoundsofure.Youprobablydidn'trealizethatyouwerelisteningtofrogs'communicatingwithoneanother.Thesefamiliarsoundsarenotrandom（随意的）butareactuallymeaningfultofrogs.

BeingHeardbutNotSeen

Frogsaregoodatbeingheardbutnotseen.Theseanimalshaveseveralcharactersthatprotectthemnpredators（捕食者）.Oneistheirsize.Mostfrogsaresmall,whichhelpsthemhideeasily.Manyfrogshavecoloringthatallowsthemtohideintheirenvironment,makingitdifficultforpredatorstofindthem.Inaddition,mostfrogsareactiveatnight.Soitisdifficultformostanimalstoseetheminthedark.

SmallbutLoud

Frogscalltotellotherfrogswheretheyare.Theirvoicescanbeveryloud.Butwhenfrogsfeelthefootstepsofalargeranimal,theybecomesilent.

Manyoftheworld'sfrogsliveinrainforests,wheretherearemanydifferentanimalscallingtotheirownspecies（物种）intheirownways.Frogsneedtocallloudlyenoughtobeheardthroughthenoiseinordertofindotherfrogs.

SingingwithPurpose

PeterNarinsisascientistwhostudieshowfrogscalltooneanother.Hehaslearnedthatfrogsusetheircallstohelpthemtellfriendfromenemy.Theysingthesamenotesatthesamevolume（音量）eachtimetheycall.Inaddition,Narinshasfoundthatfrogsofthesamespeciesalwayssingthesamepatterns（模式）.Thesepatternsarelikeacodethatisdifferentfromotheranimals'callsanddifficultforotherstocopy.Narinsalsoobservedthattimingplaysaroleinfrogcalls.Manyfrogscallonlyatacertaintimeofnight.

MoreWorktoDo

Scientistswanttobetterunderstandthepurposeoffrogcalls.Studiescontinuetoexplorethedetailsoffrogs'uniquecommunication.Beingheardbutnotseenisonewayfrogsstaysafe.Theideathattheyhavefoundawaytosurviveinadangerousworldissimplyamazing.

（1）Frogsaregoodatbeingheardbutnotseenbecause    .

A.theycannotjumphigh    

B.theycanhideeasily    

C.theyarenotactiveenough    

D.theyhavebrightcolors    

（2）Frogsneedtocallloudlyto     .

A.driveawayotherspecies    

B.tellfriendfromenemyquickly    

C.beheardbyotherfrogs    

D.feelthefootstepsofalargeranimal    

（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Frogsalwayssingthesamenotesatdifferentvolumes.    

B.Frogsstaysafeinadangerousworldonlybytheircalls.    

C.Somefrogscallaccidentallyatdifferenttimesofnight.    

D.Somedetailsoffrogs'communicationstillleaveunknown.    

（4）Whichisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FrogSongs    

B.LifeofFrogs    

C.FrogSecrets    

D.WorldofFrogs    

4.（10分）（2017·深圳模拟）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

C

YouprobablyknowaboutSingle'sDay（Nov.11）inChina,whenpeoplestayupverylateatnighttoshoponlineinordertosavealotofmoney.Well,theUShassomethingsimilarcalledBlackFriday.

BlackFridayistheFridayafterThanksgiving.ThisyearitfellonNov.27.It'sthestartoftheholidayshoppingseasonandmostpeopledon'thavetogotoworkthatday.SopeoplestarttothinkaboutwhatgiftstheywanttobuyforChristmas.

ThenameBlackFridaycomesfromink.Alongtimeago,shopsusedinkforbookkeepingalltheirsales.Sowhentherewasalotofblackinkonthepagethatmeantthebusinesssoldalot.

WhileSingle'sDayisusuallyforonlineshopping,alotofshoppingonBlackFridayisdoneatactualstoresShopperslookfordealsespeciallyonelectronicsliketelevisions,computersandvideogamesystems.Thesethingstypicallyhavehighprices,butonthisday,thereareonlyafewavailableattheverylowsaleprices.Sopeoplesometimesfightoverthesethings.

Somepeoplewillwaitinlineforhoursbeforemidnightwhenstoresfinallyopen.Peoplecampoutinthecoldandsometimesgethurtwhenthedoorsopenandpeoplerushin.

ButlatelyafewstoreshavebeenstartingsalesevenearlieronThanksgivingDay.Storesdothistohopefullygetmoreshoppersandstayaheadofthecompetition.

（1）

WhatsimilaritydoSingle'sDayandBlackFridayhave?

A.BothofthemfallonNov.11.    

B.PeopleprepareforChristmas.    

C.Peoplearecrazyforshopping.    

D.Bothofthemareofficialholidays.    

（2）

Paragraphthreetellsus__

A.howtobuygoodsthatareon-sale    

B.howtodowellinbusiness    

C.howtouseinkforbookkeeping    

D.whythedayiscalledBlackFriday    

（3）

WhichofthefollowingaboutBlackFridayisNOTtruebasedonthetext?

A.Someelectronicthingshavelowpricesthatday.    

B.Itisthebiggeston-lineshoppingday.    

C.Itmarksthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseason.    

D.Ittakesefforttogetsomeitemswithlowpricesthatday.    

（4）

Whatisthepassagemainly