定语从句 知识点讲解.docx

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定语从句 知识点讲解.docx

定语从句知识点讲解

定语从句知识点讲解

一、知识点梳理

在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词,引导定语从句的引导词分为三类,分别为关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词。

引导词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在句子中作成分的三重作用。

引导词:

关系代词:

that:

可指人亦可指物;作主语或宾语

which:

指物;作主语或宾语

who:

指人;作主语或宾语

whom:

指人;作宾语

whose:

可指人亦可指物;作定语

关系副词:

when:

作时间状语

where:

作地点状语

why:

作原因状语

介词+关系代词:

in/of/from/to/with/on/at+which/whom

二、引导词使用技巧

1.如果从句中缺少成分,在关系代词中选择

2.如果从句中不缺少成分,在关系副词中选择

1.找到从句划括号(引导词起,主句的第二个动词止)

2.根据成分选连词一看指人还是物

二看介词在何处

三看句中作何用

四看是否属特殊that/which

who/that

as/which

such…as/that

三、定语从句四大考点

1.限制性与非限制性定语从句★

2.关系代词与关系副词的选择

3.介词+关系代词结构中关系代词的选择(重难点)

4.分割式定语从句(先行词与定语从句被用作定语或状语及主语谓语而分开)

四、英语五大句式

1.主语+谓语:

谓语为不及物动词,不需加宾语(动作承受者)直接与主语(动作发出者)构成句子。

2.主语+谓语+宾语:

除主语外的其他成分由及物动词或‘不及物动词+宾语’结构构成,并构成完整句子。

3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语:

除主语外的其他部分由‘谓语+双宾语’的结构构成。

4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补:

除主语外的其他部分由‘谓语+宾语+宾补’的结构构成。

5.主语+系动词+表语:

除主语外的其他部分由‘系动词+表语’的结构构成。

在看从句中缺少何种成分时要依据以上五大句式的构成判断,一般缺少的为主语和宾语(宾补),这时要选择关系代词,如不缺少成分,这时要选择关系副词或“介词+关系代词”结构。

五、注意事项

1.定语从句中无what

2.关系代词中which既可指一件事也可以指一件物品

3.“介词+关系代词”结构中没有介词加who或that,which和whom在此结构中经常使用。

4.从句中谓语动词为不及物动词时,引导词用“介词+关系代词”结构。

从句中谓语动词为系动词且句子成分完整时,关系代词前面的介词需与先行词建立联系。

5.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。

6.that、why不引导非限制性定语从句

六、课文中的定语从句

1.

(1)关系代词作引导词

1.Ahugecrack(thatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetres

wide)cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.

2.Thenumberofpeople(whowerekilledorseriously

injured)reachedmorethan400,000.

3.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake(whichwasalmostas

strongasthefirstone)shookTangshan.

4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose(whoweretrapped)and

toburythedead.

5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors(whosehomeshandbeendestroyed.)

6.Herearemyneighbours(whosehomewasdestroyedbythe

earthquake.)

7.Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthose(who

diedintheterribledisaster.)

8.Theparkwillalsohonourthose(whohelpedthesurvivors.)

9.Irememberthebeatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmy

friends(whohaddied.)

(2)高考真题:

①Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_______wouldhavetakenour

ancestorsdaystoreach.(2006上海)

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what

②I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool

____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which

③Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuilt

closetoeachother.(2011山东)

A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that

④Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeablesendorreceive

anye-mails.(2009,天津)

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever

⑤Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhis

work?

(2002,上海春)

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained

C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

2.

(1)关系副词引导词

1.Thetime(whenIfirstmetNelsonMandela)wasaverydifferent

periodofmylife.

2.Theschool(whereIstudiedforonlytwoyears)wasthreekilometres

away.

3.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktolive

inJohannesburg.

4.Theday(whenNelsonMandelahelpedme)wasoneofmyhappinest.

5….untiltodaywehavereachedastage(wherewehavealmostnorights

atall.)

6.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheevenings(whenwe

shouldhavebeenasleep.)

7.Indeed,Hawaiiisaplace(wherepeoplemakeonebigcommunity

frommanysmallercommunities.)

8.Thereisaplace(wheremanysmallthingsarestoredthatmightfall

down.)

(2)高考真题:

①Wearelivinginanage_____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(2003春)

A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when

②Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse_____hecomposed“TheMagic

Flute”(魔笛)arebothmuseumsnow.(2009,上海)

A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which

3.

(1)介词+关系代词作引导词

1.TheUSAisalargecountry(inwhichmanydifferentdialectsare

spoken.)

2.Mandelawastheblacklawyer(towhomIwentforadvice.)

3.RobbenIslandwasaprison(fromwhichnooneescaped.)

4.However,hisprinciplesarestillthose(onwhichmodern

computersarebuilt.)

(2)高考真题:

①Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone

____theycantalkfrequently.

A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom

②Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficult

intheruralareas.(2008,上海)

A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich

③Sheboughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermet

before.(2009)

A.themB.whoC.whomD.these

4.

(1)非限制性定语从句

1.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,(whothoughtlittleofthese

events,)wereasleepasusualthatnight.

2.ItwasfeltinBeijing,(whichismorethantwohuandredkilomatres

away.)

3.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,(allofwhomagreed

thatitwasthebestonethisyear.)

4.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,(forwhichIwasgrateful.)

(2)高考真题:

①Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_____fiveare

mine.(2004,全国II)

A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich

②Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmore

thanwecouldexpect.(2008,全国II)

A.itB.whatC.whichD.that

③Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,_____is

alwaysbusyattheweekend.(2006,上海)

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which

④Thefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,

attractedalotofattention.(2002春)

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who

⑤Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,______theylearn

simplegamesandsongs.(2007)

A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where

⑥AdacamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_____isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.

A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which

练习:

1.He began the research and studies ______ led to his new discoveries in

 physics.    

 A./    B.who    C.which    D.when

2.At the university town ______ he lived he continued to make music at 

home with his friends.  

   A.when    B.which    C.on which    D.where  

3.With the pay ______ he received and saved,he went on with his studies at university, ______ he received a doctor's degree in 1905.     

A.of which;which   B.when;that    

C.that;where    D./;which

 

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