定语从句 知识点讲解.docx
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定语从句知识点讲解
定语从句知识点讲解
一、知识点梳理
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词,引导定语从句的引导词分为三类,分别为关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词。
引导词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在句子中作成分的三重作用。
引导词:
关系代词:
that:
可指人亦可指物;作主语或宾语
which:
指物;作主语或宾语
who:
指人;作主语或宾语
whom:
指人;作宾语
whose:
可指人亦可指物;作定语
关系副词:
when:
作时间状语
where:
作地点状语
why:
作原因状语
介词+关系代词:
in/of/from/to/with/on/at+which/whom
二、引导词使用技巧
1.如果从句中缺少成分,在关系代词中选择
2.如果从句中不缺少成分,在关系副词中选择
1.找到从句划括号(引导词起,主句的第二个动词止)
2.根据成分选连词一看指人还是物
二看介词在何处
三看句中作何用
四看是否属特殊that/which
who/that
as/which
such…as/that
三、定语从句四大考点
1.限制性与非限制性定语从句★
2.关系代词与关系副词的选择
3.介词+关系代词结构中关系代词的选择(重难点)
4.分割式定语从句(先行词与定语从句被用作定语或状语及主语谓语而分开)
四、英语五大句式
1.主语+谓语:
谓语为不及物动词,不需加宾语(动作承受者)直接与主语(动作发出者)构成句子。
2.主语+谓语+宾语:
除主语外的其他成分由及物动词或‘不及物动词+宾语’结构构成,并构成完整句子。
3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语:
除主语外的其他部分由‘谓语+双宾语’的结构构成。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补:
除主语外的其他部分由‘谓语+宾语+宾补’的结构构成。
5.主语+系动词+表语:
除主语外的其他部分由‘系动词+表语’的结构构成。
在看从句中缺少何种成分时要依据以上五大句式的构成判断,一般缺少的为主语和宾语(宾补),这时要选择关系代词,如不缺少成分,这时要选择关系副词或“介词+关系代词”结构。
五、注意事项
1.定语从句中无what
2.关系代词中which既可指一件事也可以指一件物品
3.“介词+关系代词”结构中没有介词加who或that,which和whom在此结构中经常使用。
4.从句中谓语动词为不及物动词时,引导词用“介词+关系代词”结构。
从句中谓语动词为系动词且句子成分完整时,关系代词前面的介词需与先行词建立联系。
5.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
6.that、why不引导非限制性定语从句
六、课文中的定语从句
1.
(1)关系代词作引导词
1.Ahugecrack(thatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetres
wide)cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
2.Thenumberofpeople(whowerekilledorseriously
injured)reachedmorethan400,000.
3.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake(whichwasalmostas
strongasthefirstone)shookTangshan.
4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose(whoweretrapped)and
toburythedead.
5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors(whosehomeshandbeendestroyed.)
6.Herearemyneighbours(whosehomewasdestroyedbythe
earthquake.)
7.Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthose(who
diedintheterribledisaster.)
8.Theparkwillalsohonourthose(whohelpedthesurvivors.)
9.Irememberthebeatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmy
friends(whohaddied.)
(2)高考真题:
①Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_______wouldhavetakenour
ancestorsdaystoreach.(2006上海)
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
②I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool
____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
③Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuilt
closetoeachother.(2011山东)
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
④Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeablesendorreceive
anye-mails.(2009,天津)
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
⑤Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhis
work?
(2002,上海春)
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
2.
(1)关系副词引导词
1.Thetime(whenIfirstmetNelsonMandela)wasaverydifferent
periodofmylife.
2.Theschool(whereIstudiedforonlytwoyears)wasthreekilometres
away.
3.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktolive
inJohannesburg.
4.Theday(whenNelsonMandelahelpedme)wasoneofmyhappinest.
5….untiltodaywehavereachedastage(wherewehavealmostnorights
atall.)
6.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheevenings(whenwe
shouldhavebeenasleep.)
7.Indeed,Hawaiiisaplace(wherepeoplemakeonebigcommunity
frommanysmallercommunities.)
8.Thereisaplace(wheremanysmallthingsarestoredthatmightfall
down.)
(2)高考真题:
①Wearelivinginanage_____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(2003春)
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when
②Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse_____hecomposed“TheMagic
Flute”(魔笛)arebothmuseumsnow.(2009,上海)
A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which
3.
(1)介词+关系代词作引导词
1.TheUSAisalargecountry(inwhichmanydifferentdialectsare
spoken.)
2.Mandelawastheblacklawyer(towhomIwentforadvice.)
3.RobbenIslandwasaprison(fromwhichnooneescaped.)
4.However,hisprinciplesarestillthose(onwhichmodern
computersarebuilt.)
(2)高考真题:
①Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone
____theycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
②Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficult
intheruralareas.(2008,上海)
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
③Sheboughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermet
before.(2009)
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
4.
(1)非限制性定语从句
1.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,(whothoughtlittleofthese
events,)wereasleepasusualthatnight.
2.ItwasfeltinBeijing,(whichismorethantwohuandredkilomatres
away.)
3.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,(allofwhomagreed
thatitwasthebestonethisyear.)
4.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,(forwhichIwasgrateful.)
(2)高考真题:
①Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_____fiveare
mine.(2004,全国II)
A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
②Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmore
thanwecouldexpect.(2008,全国II)
A.itB.whatC.whichD.that
③Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,_____is
alwaysbusyattheweekend.(2006,上海)
A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which
④Thefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,
attractedalotofattention.(2002春)
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who
⑤Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,______theylearn
simplegamesandsongs.(2007)
A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
⑥AdacamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_____isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
练习:
1.He began the research and studies ______ led to his new discoveries in
physics.
A./ B.who C.which D.when
2.At the university town ______ he lived he continued to make music at
home with his friends.
A.when B.which C.on which D.where
3.With the pay ______ he received and saved,he went on with his studies at university, ______ he received a doctor's degree in 1905.
A.of which;which B.when;that
C.that;where D./;which
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