Unit 10.docx

Unit 10.docx

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Unit10

Unit10

SectionOneTacticsforListening

Part1SpotDictation

DoYouRiskEnoughtoSucceed?

Duringthesemi-finalsofthe1990Wimbledon

（1）tennistournament,16-year-oldYugoslavMonicaSelesfacedAmericanZinaGarriaon.Asthematch2）proceeded,itbecameclearthatSeles’smostformidable（3）opponentwasnotGarrisonbutherself.

“Thematchwassoclose,”saidacrestfallen*Selesafterward.“Iwasgoingforthe（4）safeshots.EvenonZina’ssecondserveIwas（5）scaredtohittheballforwinners.”

Whenthingsget（6）tough,conventionalwisdomtellusto（7）playitsafe,topullinyourhorns*.Consequently,ratherthanperformingto（8）ourpotential,weconcentrateonminimizingourlosers.Theresultscanbe（9）catastrophic.

Ifyoufindyourselfshyingawayfrom（10）risks,thesefivetipswillhelpyou（10）tapintotheadventurousspiritburiedinusall.

1.Take（11）dreamsseriously.

2.Takeitinlittlesteps.Whenstartingsomethingnew,（12）figureoutafirststepandmakeitoneyouarereasonablysureof（13）accomplishing.

3.Don’tsay“don’t”,TheDon’ts,aformof（14）negativegoalsetting,canbeself-fulfillingbecauseyourmind（15）respondstopictures.

4.Makeyourown（16）rules.

5.Learnfromyourmistakes.

By（17）embracingrisk,youwillaccomplishmorethanyou（18）everthoughtyoucould.Intheprocessyouwill（19）transformyourlifeintoanexcitingadventurethatwillconstantlychallenge,rewardand（20）rejuvenateyou.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.

Part2listeningforGist

It'llbeadullday,withoutbreaksofrain.Theremaybesomeheavyshowersinthesouth-westlater,withperhapstheoddthunderstorm.Theoutlookfortomorrow:

continuingdull,butthereshouldbesomebreaksinthecloudbymidday.It'llbequitewarm,withamaximumtemperatureofabout16to17degrees.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.

1.Thispassageisaboutaweatherforecast.

Thekeywordsarerain.showers.thunderstorm.outlook.maximumtemperature.

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue

Adulthood

Interviewer:

OK,Bruce,Ur,whyisthelatetwentiesbetterthan,say,earliertwenties?

Bruce:

Ur,Ithinkthatwhenyou’reinyour,intheearlytwenties,you’rejustgettingover,um,teenageadolescenttears,sonowIthinkinthelatetwentiesyoukindaknowadirectionbut,um,theearlytwentiesarejusttoo…youjustkindaremembertoomanythingsoftheteenageyearsandyou'restilltryingtogetaplan.Butinthetwenties,latetwenties,youkindofknowwhatyouwannadoandyoukindofhaveanideaof,ofhowtogetit.Andyouknowhowtosettledown,too.Youcanseeaplanforgettingthingsandalsosettlingdown..

Interviewer:

Hmm,um,isthereatimeinyourlifethatyouthinkyouwouldcallthemostdifficulttime?

Bruce:

Probablytheteenageyears,likefourteen,fifteen...Interviewer:

Yeah?

Bruce:

Sixteen.

Interviewer:

Themidteens.

Bruce:

Yeah,Ithinkthemidteensweretheworst.

Interviewer:

So,Julie,whywouldyouliketobealittlegirlagain?

Julie:

Um,Ithink,uh,IthinklatelybecausetheageI'matnow,Ifeel,iskindofastressfulage.

Interviewer:

Huh.

Julie:

Whenyou're,whenyou'reyounger,youdon'thaveasmanyworriesandresponsibilities.

Interviewer:

Yeah.

Julie:

Youdon'thaveallthestressesoflifeasanadult.IthinkattheageI'matnow,whenyougetoutofcollegeandyouneedtofindajob...

Interviewer:

Uh-huh.

Julie:

AndI'msingleandIcan'tdependonmyparentsanymore...

Interviewer:

Uh-huh.

Julie:

AndIhavenewresponsibilities-justtryingtogetusedtohavingnewresponsibilities

-andalsofigureoutwhatIwannado-there'slotsofdecisions.

Interviewer:

Uh-huh.

Julie:

Idon'talwaysknowwhatthebestthingtodois.Um,thosearethingsthatIneedto

learn.

Interviewer:

Yeah.

Julie:

Yeah.

Interviewer:

So,Ann,whywasbeinginyourthirtiesgood?

Ann:

Becauseinyourthirtiesyouprettymuchknowwhatyoulikeandwhatyoudon't

like，

andyou'rekindofsettledintolife.And,atleastforme,thatwasareallygoodtime.Actually,nowthatmysonsaremarriedand,andthey'reindependent...

Interviewer:

Uh-huh.

Ann:

WhenIcometo,cometothinkaboutit,Iprobablydomoreinterestingthingsnowfor

myselfthanIdidwhenIwasinmythirties...

Interviewer:

Huh!

Forexample...

Ann:

Well,nowI'mplayinginanorchestra,whichIwouldnever'vehadtimetodowhentheboyswerelittleand,urn,andI,ur,readalotmorethanIdid..

Interviewer:

Doyouandyourhusbandgooutmore?

Ann:

Ha!

Wedo!

Wedo.Wegoouttomovies,andwegoouttodinner,andwehopetobeabletotravel!

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（F）.

l.T

2.T

3.T

4.T

5.T

6.F

7.T

8.T

SocialSecurity

1）SocialSecurityisalogicalplacetostartansweringthequestion:

Canweaffordtocontinuethistrendofretiringeverearlierandlivinglonger?

2）IthighlightsthecomingdeficitsinasystemonwhichsomanyAmericansdependforatleastapartoftheirlivelihoodduringretirement.

3）TheSocialSecuritysystemnowcoversworkers,disabledpersons,andthedependentsofeach,andthesystemalsoadjustsbenefitsforinflationannually.

4）Insimpleterms,ifthenumberofthosepayingintothefunddropsasthenumberofthosedrawingfromitrises,animbalanceissuretodevelopinthefuture.

5）Sincenoneoftheseoptionsispoliticallypalatable,itremainstobeseenwhichwillbeimplemented-mostlikelysomecombinationofthetwo.

TheSocialSecuritysystemintheUSisamajorsourceofretirementincomeformany.ThusSocialSecurityisalogicalplacetostartansweringthequestion:

Canweaffordtocontinuethistrendofretiringeverearlierandlivinglonger?

TheSocialSecurityAdministrationprojectedincomeandexpensefortheSocialSecurityfundfrom2000to2050.Thefiguresforbothincome-taxrevenuesandbenefitspaidoutaresobering*.IthighlightsthecomingdeficitsinasystemonwhichsomanyAmericansdependforatleastapartoftheirlivelihoodduringretirement.

Thegapbetweenrevenueandexpensearisesbecauseofdemographicshifts.TheagingoftheBabyBoomersandlife-extendingmedicaladvancescombinetocreateanimbalanceintheSocialSecuritysystemasdesigned.

Thesystemwasestablishedin1935andwasintendedasaninsurancepolicyagainstapoverty-riddenoldage,anotuncommonfatefortheelderlyduringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcentury.

TheSocialSecuritysystemhasbeenexpandedmanytimessinceitsinception*.Itnowcoversworkers,disabledpersons,andthedependentsofeach.Thesystemalsoadjustsbenefitsforinflationannually.

Inthe1930s,lifeexpectancyintheUSwas59.7years;manypeopleneverreachedtheageofretirement.In2001,lifeexpectancywas77.6years;mostpeopletodayliveforquiteawhileonGoldenPond*.We'relivinglongeranddrawingfromtheSocialSecurityfundformoreyearswitheachpassinggeneration.Thedecliningageofretirementonlyexacerbates*thistrend.

Insimpleterms,ifthenumberofthosepayingintothefunddropsasthenumberofthosedrawingfromitrises,animbalanceissuretodevelopinthefuture.

Barringanyrestructuringofthesystembeforehand,SocialSecurityexpenseswillexceedrevenuesintheyear2015.Atthatpointthesystemwillbegintousereservestomeetitsobligations.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministrationestimates,thesereserveswillcarrythesystemthroughthemid-2030s.Atthatpoint,ifnotsooner,oneoftwothingswillneedtobedone:

（1）TheSocialSecuritytaxratewillneedtobeincreased,or

（2）Benefitspaidoutwij1needtobereduced.Thesecondsolutionmayinvolveextendingtheretirementageto70oranevenolderage.Sincenoneoftheseoptionsispoliticallypalatable（theelderlyhavethehighestvotingrate）,itremainstobeseenwhichwillbeimplemented-mostlikelysomecombinationofthetwo.

Since3outofevery10Americansaged65orolderdependonSocialSecuritypaymentsfor90%ormoreoftheirincome（and3outof5dependonSocialSecurityfor50%ormoreoftheirincome）wemustaskanimportantquestion:

Arethoseofusnowinour30sand40splanningonanalternativeorsupplementalretirementincome?

ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion

Actually,itisagovernmentschemethatprovideseconomicassistancetothosepeoplefacedwithsickness,unemployment,maternityandretirement,etc.Inthiscase,thecostispaidentirelyoutoftaxation.Ifthecostismetwhollyorpartlyfromcontributionspaidbyemployerstothestate,theschemeisusuallycallednationalinsurance.

ExerciseBSentenceDictation

Directions:

Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.

（RefertoTapescript）

ExerciseCDetailedListening

Directions:

Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

l.B2.A3.D4.A5.D6.B7.D8.B

ExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussion

Directions:

Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.

Thegapbetweenrevenuesandexpensesarisesbecauseofdemographicshifts.TheagingoftheBabyBoomersandlife-extendingmedicaladvancescombinetocreateanimbalanceintheSocialSecuritysystemasdesigned.SocialSecurityexpenseswillexceedrevenuesintheyear2015.Atthatpointthesystemwillbegintousereservestomeetitsobligations.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdmi