中考语法专题之被动语态无答案.docx
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中考语法专题之被动语态无答案
教学内容
被动语态
教学
目标
1.被动语态的结构；2.各种时态的被动语态；3.题型训练
被动语态
一、基本概念复习
1、观察结构
执行者+及物动词+承受者
Workersmakecarsinthisfactory.
主谓宾
承受者+be+及物动词过去分词+（by+执行者）
Carsaremade（byworkers）inthisfactory.
主谓
2、总结概念：
谓语动词的执行者作主语，用________语态。
谓语动词的承受者作主语，用________语态。
3、主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
根据要求变化句子：
将以下句子变成各种时态的被动语态句型。
Idomyhomework.
一般现在时：
Myhomeworkisdonebyme.
一般过去时：
现在进行时：
过去进行时：
一般将来时：
现在完成时：
知识小结：
时态名称
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
情态动词（can/must/could/should）
二、动词过去分词变化规律
（1）规则变化：
一般情况下，在动词后加ed
work → worked
在以字母e结尾的动词后只加d
close → closed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加 ed
carry → carried
以重读闭音节（包括重读r音节）结尾且末尾只有 一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加ed
stop → stopped
prefer → preferred
（2）不规则变化：
不规则变化没有规律，需要在日常学习中加强记忆。
①AAA型
原型
过去式
过去分词
cut
cut
cut
put
put
put
let
let
let
cost
cost
cost
hurt
hurt
hurt
read
read
read
②ABA型
原型
过去式
过去分词
become
became
become
come
came
come
run
ran
run
③ABB型
原型
过去式
过去分词
hear
heard
heard
build
built
built
lend
lent
lent
send
sent
sent
spend
spent
spent
④ought型
原型
过去式
过去分词
bring
brought
brought
buy
bought
bought
think
thought
thought
⑤aught型
原型
过去式
过去分词
catch
caught
caught
teach
taught
taught
Exercise：
写出下列动词的过去分词
put---
hear---
come---
make---
hurry---
hold---
swim---
be---
cost---
grow---
study---
stop---
take---
write---
drive---
三、常见语态转换
（一）、动词+宾语+宾补结构的转换
观察结构：
1.asksb.todosth.（____________________）
（____________________）
2.seesb.dosth.（_____________________）
（____________________）
3.seesb.doingsth.（____________________）
（____________________）
引入练习1、请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。
1.Thefarmermadethehorsesworkthewholeday.
小结：
Thehorses___________________thewholeday.
2.Mumasksthetwinsnottoswiminthelake.
Thetwins________________________inthelake.
3.Isawamouserunintotheroom.
Amouse__________________intotheroom.
4.IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.
He____often_____________Englishsongs.
5.IsawLucyplayingintheparkjustnow.
Lucy________________intheparkjustnow.
6.Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.
Thechildren_____________________thatmorning.
（二）、动词短语的被动语态。
引入练习2、改正下列转换中的错误：
1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthefilm.
小结：
误：
Thefilmisoftentalked.
正：
2.Lilylookedafterthebaby.
误：
ThebabywaslookedbyLily.
正：
3.Weshouldn’tgiveupthework.
误：
Theworkshouldn’tbegiven.
正：
4.Wecan’tworkouttheproblem.
误：
Theproblemcan’tbeworked.
正：
5.Wemusttakegoodcareofyoungtrees.
误：
Youngtreesmustbetakengoodcare.
正：
6.Wemustwritetohim.
误：
Hemustbewritten.
正：
中考链接
1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.
A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause
2.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.
A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving
3.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.
A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed
4.Don'tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.
A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept
5.Manytreesandflowers________inourcityeveryyear.
A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.plants
6.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeanshe______work14hoursaday.
A.wasmadeB.madeC.wasmakingD.wasmadeto
7.Whenwillthebirthdayparty,onMondayeveningorTuesdayevening?
A.holdB.beheldC.heldD.beholding
8.Wastepaper_______everywhere.It’sourdutytokeeptheschoolclean.
A.throwsB.arethrownC.shouldn’tbethrownD.shouldbethrown
9.Atlasttheboywasmadeandbegantolaugh.
A.stopcryingB.totostoptocryC.tostopcryingD.stoptocry
10.—DoyouknowLucy’sgrandma?
---Ofcourse.Sheisakindwoman,butshehas____foraboutamonthsinceshe___intheaccident.
A.beendead;waskilledB.died;waskilled
C.beendead;killedD.died;killed
11.Look!
Wecan'tcrossthebridge.It_____bysomeworkers.
A.repairsB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.isrepairing
12.It’sreportedthatNanjingSouthRailwayStationattheendofthismonth.
A.hasbeencompletedB.iscompleted
C.wascompletedD.willbecompleted
Attention
1.常用的没有被动的词：
________________/________________（发生）,breakout（爆发）,
_________________（属于）,感官系动词（look,feel,smell,taste,sound）等。
2.当write,read,sell,open,close等词在描述物体本身属性时，不用被动用主动。
Eg.Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。
Themilksellswell.牛奶卖得很好。
3.主动表被动：
need/want/require+doing
如：
Theseflowersneedwatering.这些花需要浇水。
MorePractice
用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.It'ssaid（据说）thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．
2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．
3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？
4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．
5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．
6.Thestudents_____often_____（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
7.Theoldmanisill.He______（mustsend）tothehospital.
8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________（sell）inthisshop.
9.What_______knives______（make）of?
They_______________（make）ofmetal（金属）andwood.
10.Canthemagazine________（take）outofthelibrary?
11.Theroom_____________（clean）bymeeveryday.
12.Thestarscan’t_____________（see）inthedaytime.
13.Someflowers_______________（water）byLiMingalready.
14.Thiskindofshoes__________（sell）well.
15.Howlong_____youruncle______（be）inthecity?
综合训练
完形填空
TheseasonsinAustraliaareopposite（相反）toours.26itiswinterhere，itissummerthere.Australiais27thesouthoftheworld.June,JulyandAugustarethewintermonths.ThesummerisinDecember,28andFebruary.Thenorthofthecountryis29thanthesouth.Australia’smain（主要的）problemiswater.A30largepartofthecountryhasnorainatall.Buttheeastcoast（海岸）hasrain31theyearround.Therearenodrymonthshere.InMarch，1982，therewasaterribledrought（干旱）inAustralia.Thesummerraindidn’t32.Therewere138millionsheepinAustraliathatyear.Thiswas14%ofallthesheepintheworld.Becausetherewasnot33rainandthegrassdidn’tgrowwell，thefarmers34tosellmanyoftheirsheepandmanysheep35,too.Itwasagreatdisaster（灾难）forAustraliafarmers.
26.A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhenD.For
27.A.inB.onC.toD.near
28.A.NovemberB.JanuaryC.MarchD.October
29.A.colderB.coolerC.hotterD.warmer
30.A.veryB.soC.tooD.much
31.A.wholeB.halfC.allD.part
32.A.haveB.fallC.giveD.keep
33.A.plentyB.alittleC.alotD.enough
34.A.haveB.hadC.mustD.needed
35.A.diedB.deadC.deathD.dying
阅读理解
Australiaisthelargestislandintheworld.ItisalittlesmallerthanChina.Itisinthesouthoftheearth.Australiaisbig，butitspopulationissmall.ThepopulationofAustraliaisnearlyaslargeasthatofShanghai.
Enoughlawshavebeenmadetofightagainstpollution.ThecitiesinAustraliahavegotlittleairorwaterpollution.Theskyisblueandthewaterisclean.Youcanclearlyseefishswimmingintherivers.Plantsgrowverywell.
LastmonthwevisitedPerth，thebiggestcityinWesternAustralia，andwenttoawildflowers’exhibition（展览）.Therewesawalargenumberofwildflowerswehadneverseenbefore.Wehadawonderfultime.Perthisfamousforitsbeautifulwildflowers.Inspring,everyyearPerthhasthewildflowers’exhibition.AftervisitingPerth，wespentadayinthecountryside.Wesatdownandhadarestnearapathatthefootofahill.Itwasquietandweenjoyedourselves.Suddenlyweheardbellsringingatthetopofthehill.Whatwesawmadeuspickupallourthingsandrunbacktothecarasquicklyaswecould.Therewereaboutthreehundredsheepcomingtowardsusdownthepath.
Australiaisfamousforitssheepandkangaroos.Afterashortdrivefromanytown，youwillfindyourselfinthemiddleofwhitesheep.Sheep，sheep，everywherearesheep.
36.Australiais.
A.thelargestcountryintheworldB.largerthanChinaC.aslargeasShanghaiD.notsolargeasChina
37.Enoughlawshavebeenmadeto.
A.increasethepopulationB.growmoreplants
C.fightagainstpollutionD.showwildflowers
38.Perthis.
A.thecapitalofAustraliaB.inthewestofAustralia
C.intheeastofAustraliaD.thebiggestcityinAustralia
39.InPerthyoumayvisitawildflowers’exhibitionin.
A.OctoberB.JanuaryC.MayD.July
40.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?
A.AllthebigcitiesinAustraliaareseriouslypolluted.
B.Australiaisfamousforitssheep,kangaroosandlargepopulation.
C.Weranbacktothecarbecausewewereinthemiddleofthewhitesheep.
D.IfyougotothecountrysideinAustralia,youwillseealargenumberofwhitesheep.
【课堂小测】
1.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeans,he__work14hoursaday.
A.wasmadeB.madeC.wasmakingD.wasmadeto
2.TheChineseCultureDayinNewYorkCityonApril20th,2011.
A.celebratedB.iscelebratedC.wascelebrated
3.Thenews_______tothepublicyet.Onlyafewpeopleknow.
A.hasn’ttoldB.hasbeentoldC.hasn’tbeentold
4.Themountain______withsnowallyearround,soit’shardtoclimbit.
A.coveredB.wascoveredC.iscoveredD.covers
5.Look!
Wecan'tcrossthebridge.It_____bysomeworkers.
A.
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