最新高中英语高考语法专题复习名词性从句和定语从句讲义带高考真题带答案.docx
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最新高中英语高考语法专题复习名词性从句和定语从句讲义带高考真题带答案
名词性从句和定语从句
一.名词性从句
名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,相当于一个名词的功能。
主语从句
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
宾语从句
Ibelieve(that)heishonest.我相信他是忠诚的。
表语从句
Thequestioniswho(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.问题是谁(你们哪一位)接着发言。
同位语从句
Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。
近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下:
【考点】名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。
引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句
可以互换的场合:
Heisnotsureif/whetherhecanmanagetodoit.
当与ornot分开使用时
Hewonderedif/whetherwewillattendthemeetingornot.
引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句只能用whether不能用if的场合:
引导介词后的宾语从句(有时可省略)后面紧跟ornot时 后面直接跟动词不定式时_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.(南京) A.If;what B.Whether;that C.When;that D.Whether;what
【考点】whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how替换,因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。
——Haveanicetrip!
——Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening. (广州)
A.wherever B.everyplace C.whenever D.nomatterwhere
【考点】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。
1.that引导名词性从句时,不在从句中充当任何成分,只起连接作用;而what是连接代词,在从句中充当成分。
①______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(上海春季)
A.What/because B.What/that C.That/what D.That/because
2.that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第二个从句以下的that不可省略。
如:
Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.
②Wordcomes________agroupofAustralianguestswillcometovisitourschoolnextweek. A.that B.which C.不填 D.aboutwhich 3.介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。
但在介词besides,except,in后可用that引导宾语从句。
在有it作先行词时,that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。
③Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.as B.which C.what D.that
【考点】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序,宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。
⑥Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany. A.whattakesit B.whattheytake C.whattakesthem D.whatittakes
【考点】在动词:
一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句,以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语部分常用(should)do形式。
⑤Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.A.besent;wasfeeling B.wassent;sent
C.besent;feel D.shouldbesent;shouldfeel
二.定语从句:
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词(被修饰的那个名词或代词);第二看从句缺少什么成份(如主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的引导词。
注意:
引导词在介词后,指人只能用whom 指物只能用which
基础知识训练:
Ⅰ.改错:
3、Chinaisthecountrywhichhespentthebestpartofhislife.
4、Thedayswhenwespenttogethercannotbeeasilyforgotten.
1、Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswherehehadvisited.
2、Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.
8、Heleftmethebook,thatisveryusefulforme.
9、Thisistheroomwhichfoodiskept.
5、Thehousestandsattheplacethatthetworoadsmeet.
6、Weshallvisitthecollegewherehisfatherteachesthere.
7、Iknowthereasonthatshelookssoworried.
13、ThisisallwhichIcandoforyou.
14、Canyouthinkofanyonewho’shousewashere?
10、April15,1976isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.
11、ThemancameyesterdayisourEnglishteacher.
12、Iknowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeetinglastweek.
18、Thedoctorwhomtheywanttoseehavecome.
19、Doyouknowtheyoungmanwhomhasbeenchosenchairman?
15、ThewatchthatMotherboughtitformeworksverywell.
16、Thisistheonlybookthatwereborrowedfromthelibrary.
17、Thedaywhichshehadtoleavearrivedatlast.
、Theparkstandsattheplacethatthetworiversmeet.
23、Thosethatwantstogoputupyourhands.
24、Thisistheknife withthatthedoctordidtheoperation.
21、Aplaneisamachinecanfly.
22、Itisoneofthebestpictureswhichhavebeensold.
25、Whoisthemanwhomyousaidhellojustnow?
Ⅱ.Fillintheblanks:
4、Thefilm wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.
5、Doyouknowthestudent waspraisedatthemeeting?
6、1949istheyear thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
7、Theyworkinafactory makesradioparts.
1、Thisistheprofessor taughtmechemistryin1980.
2、Thehospital wasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.
3、Thisistheboy fatherdiedthreeyearsago.
11、Shelivesinasmallvillage, isonlythreemilesfromhere.
12、SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinShanghai, shehassomefriends.8、Theyworkinafactory radiopartsaremade.
9、Thisisthevisionphonethrough wecanseeandtalktoourfriends.10、HereareplayersfromJapan,someof areouroldfriends.15、Those wanttogotothecomputerroomwriteyournameshere.13、We’llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek, wewon’tbesobusy.14、Thesungivestheearthlightandheat, isveryimportanttothelivingthings.18、Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools hehadvisited. 16、Hewasoftenlate, madehisteacherveryangry.17、Whoistheperson isstandingatthegate?
【答案】:
4、when—that\which 5、that—where 6、去掉there 7、that—why 8、that—which 9、which—where 1、where-that 2、where-which 3、which-where 16、were—was 17、which—when 18、have—has 19、whom—who 、that—where
10、when—which\that 11、man后面加who 12、students后面加who 13、which—that 14、who’s—whose 15、去掉it 24、that—which 25、whom—that21、machine后面加which\that22、which—that 23、wants—want
1、who/that 2、which/that 3、whose 4、which/that 5、who/that 6、when 7、which/that 8、where 9、which 10、whom 11、which 12、where 13、when 14、which 15、who 16、which 17、that 18、that
从句中所缺成份
指人
指物
主语
that who
that which
宾语
(that who whom)
(that which)
时间状语
when =相应的介词+which
地点状语
Where=相应的介词+which
---的
whose 或ofwhich
高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面:
【考点7】关系代词that,who,which以及as的用法区别。
指人时常只用who不用that的情况;指物时只用which不用that的情况;
只用that不用which的情况;关系代词as与which的用法区别;
thesame…that…与thesame…as…的区别:
1其中that,who(whom),都可以指人,那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。
[本条记忆技巧:
用who不用that 的情况“therebe”“one,ones,anyone,nobody,those”被分割。
那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。
]
<3>先行词为“therebe”结构的主语时,例如
Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.
在本句子当中aman是Thereisaman这句当中的主语,所以用who不用that<1>先行词为those,one,anyone,nobody等词时,用who不用that,例如:
TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.
<2>在分隔型定语从句中,若先行词是人,用who不用that,例:
AnewteacherwillcomewhowillteachyouGerman.
在本句中,先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“whowillteachyouGerman” 分离,所以我们用who不用that。
2其中,that和which都可以指物,它们在指物时的区别:
用that不用which <2>先行词为all,few,nothing,everything,little,much等不定代词时:
Hedidallthathecoulddotohelpus.
<1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all,every,little,no,any, much,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时,例如:
Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme. <4>关系代词在从句中做表语时
Chinaisnotthecountrythatiswas.
<3>主语以who或which开头时
Whoisthemanthatjustcalledyoujustnow?
<5>既指人又指物时
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.
2,先行词表示物时,用which不用that的情况
<2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:
Hewroteabookinwhichhecouldlearnabouthislife.
<1>引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherhearttohermouth.
在上一例句中,引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语,所以不可以用“that”代替.
关于as
2as和which的比较
相同点:
两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句,先行词都可以是整个句子,都可以在从句中 做主语,宾语表语。
不同点:
<1> as引导的从句可以放在句首和句尾,而which引导的从句只可放在句尾。
<2>as还有正如、正象的意思。
AsMarxpointedout,laborcreatedmanhimself.
当先行词,虽然表示时间地点,但是引导词在从句中不是做状语,而是做宾语时,不能用when,where引导,而只能用that,which等引导。
比较以下两个句字:
IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIfirstwenttoBeijing.
Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether
⑨Thereisnosuchplace___youdreamofinallthisworld.(北京西城·5月)
A.that B.what C.which D.as
1在一些结构,如“such…as”“thesame…as”“as…as”等结构中,定语从句的引导词经常要用到as,例如ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.
thesameas和thesamethat的区别。
例句:
ThisisthesametoolasIusedlasttime.ThisisthesametoolthatIusedlasttime.
在例句中,第一句的意思是这个工具和我上次用的一样,但是第二句的意思是这就是我上次用的工具
【考点】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构;理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用;特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句,从意义上来说,是对主语的补充说明,从结构上来看,先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开,HemakesgreatprogressinhisEnglishlearning,whichmakeshismotherveryhappy.
⑧Ishallneverforgettheday_____ShenzhouVwaslaunched,_____hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;which B.that;which C.which;that D.when;that(北京东城)
【考点8】区别that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。
that引导同位语从句时,that是纯连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;that引导定语从句时,that是关系代词,在从句中充当主语或宾语等。
比较:
Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamearrivedsoon.
Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdayistrue.
⑩Isthisthereason__