懂你英语Level4 Unit 2讲课教案.docx

懂你英语Level4 Unit 2讲课教案.docx

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懂你英语Level4Unit2讲课教案

懂你英语Level4Unit2

L4Unit2-1Listening物种、环境

Theearthwasbornabout4.6millionyearsago.Thefirstlifeappearedaboutabillionyearslater.Thefirstplantdidn’tappearuntilaround2billionyearsago.Untilaround580millionyearsago,lifeformedweresmallandmicroscopic（微笑的）.Sincethattime,liveshasevolvedtomanydifferenttypesandspecies.However,scientistsestimatethatmorethan99%ofthemarenowextinct.

Theyhavebeenseveralextinctioneventsinthehistoryoftheearth.Intheextinctionevent,manylifeformsorspeciesoflifedieout.Thecausesofthemassiveextinctioneventsareunsoughtmystery.Theseeventsarenotpredictableandcanhappenatanytime.Scientiststhinkthatsomeofthatstartedbyasteroidpassorvolcanocorruption.Eventslikethis,canchangetheglobalconditionsthatlifedependson.

Onemajorextinctionevent,happenedabout66millionyearsago.Thateventmayhavebeenstartedbyalargeasteroidthathittheearth.Asaresult,thedinosaursandabouthalfoftheallspeciesontheplanet,diedout.Whentheasteroidhittheearth,itstartedachainofevents.Achainofeventisaseriesofeventslinkedtogether,likeachain.

Theseparticularchainofeventshappenedoveraperiodofmonthsandyears.Whentheasteroidhittheearth,itcausedhugecloudofdusttoentertheatmosphere.Thiscloudofdustblockedthesunanddarkentheearthforaperiodofmonths.Withoutenough

sunlight,plantsandplant-eatinganimals,quicklydied.Withthedeathsofsomanyplantsandanimals,thefoodchaincollapsed.Thisledtothedeathsofmanymorespecies.

Massextinctioneventshadplayedimportantpartintheevolutionoflife.Infact,someextinctioneventshadhelpedtoaccelerateevolution.Forexample,somemammalslivedtotheageofdinosaurs,buttheycouldn’tcompete.Whenthedinosaurswereremoved,themammalswereabletocompetemoresuccessfully.Oncetheycouldcompete,mammalevolvedtoahigherstate.Withouttheextinctionevent,perhapswewouldn’tbeheretoday.

Scientistestimatethattherehavebeenatleast5massiveextinctionsinthepass540millionyears.Theyalsobelievedthatwehadenteredanewextinctionevent.Speciesarebecomingextinctatamuchfasterratethanbefore.Insteadoftheasteroidandvolcanocorruptions,thecurrenteventistheresultofhumanactivities.Humanactivities,forexample,hadledtoglobalwarming.

Globalwarmingistheresultofanincreaseincarbongasesinouratmosphere.Thesegasestrapheatfromthesun,sotheearthisgettingwarmer.Asaresult,sealevelsarerisingandweatherpatternsarechanging.Inaddition,wehumansaredestroyinghabitatsofmanyplantsandanimals.Cuttingdownforestandpollutingriversdestroysthehabitatsofmanyformsoflife.

Thereisnolongeranydoubtthatthisishappening.Specialsoflivesaredisappearingatanincreasingrate.Globaltemperaturesarerisingandweatherpatternsarechanging.Scientistsarewarningusthatfastactionisnecessarytosaveourfuture.Ifwedon’tact,wemaygothewayofthedinosaurs.

L4Unit2-1vocabulary身体系统、产业、技术

Thebodycirculatorysystemincludestheheartandbloodvessels.Theheartpumpsthebloodstoallpartsofbodythroughanetworkofarteriesandvein.

Thedigestivesystembreaksdownandabsorbsfoodintothebody.Itsuppliestheenergythatthebodyneedsforgrowthandrepair.Afterdigestion,excessfoodisturnedintowasteandeliminatedfromthebody.

Thenervoussystemincludesthebrain,spinalcordandnerves.Thisisyourcontrolsystem.Itcontrolsyourmusclesandorgansincludedyourcirculatorysystemanddigestivesystem.

Therespiratorysystemincludesyournoseandlungs.Itbringsairandoxygenintoyourbodyandremovethecarbondioxidefromthebody.Thelungsarewhereoxygenentersthebloodstreamandcarbondioxideisremoved.

Immunesystemprotectsbodyagainsttheinfectionsanddiseases.Sneezingandfeverareexamplesofhowtheimmunesystemsworks.Iftheinfectioninvadesthebodyandtheimmunesystemattacksit.

Thecontroluseoffireallowedpeopletocookfoodandsurviveinthecolderclimates.Fireprovidedthelightsothatpeoplecouldworkandsocializeforlongerhours.

Withtheinventionofagriculture,peoplecangrowfoodandsettleintocommunities.Bygrowingfood,peoplecanspendlesstimehuntingandmoretimeonotherthings,suchasart.

Thedomesticationofanimalsallowspeopletoraiseanduseanimalsforfoodandwork.Byraiseherdsofanimals,suchassheep,peoplehaveregularsupplyofmeatandclothing.Thestrengthofanimalssuchashorsesandoxenwasusedforworkandtransportation.

Thedevelopmentoftoolsandmachineshasresultedinamorefashionmanufacturingandconstruction.Withbettertoolsandmachines,workscanbedonewithfewerpeopleandmuchlowercost.

Thedevelopmentofscienceandengineeringhasimprovedmanythingincludingcommunications.Withunderstandingofelectricity,telephoneandradiosallowpeopletocommunicateoverlongdistances.

Theuseofmachineshasreducedthenumberofpeopleneededtomakethings.

L4Unit2-1dialogue谈论手机和老板

Itookavacationlastnight.

Whatareyoutalkingabout.Wheredidyoutakethevacation.

Ididn’tgoanywhere.ijustleftwithmysmartphone.

Howwasit.

Itwasgreat.Igotarealmagazineandreaditwithnointerpretation.Itwasverypeaceful.Yes,Ihaven’tdonethatforalongtime.

Youknowwhat,Ibegintohatesmartphone.

Really,butyoucan’tlivewithoutone,right.

Yes,that’stheproblem.

Thischangethewaypeoplelive.

Yes,Ijustsoondocumentaryaboutthat.Ahusbandwascomplaininghiswifethatshewasspendingtoomuchtimeonhersmartphone.

Whathappened,didtheygetdivorced.

Youguessit.Intheend,theygotdivorced.

Itisabitironic,don’tyouthink.Smartphonesweresupposedtobringpeopletogetherbuttheyarepullingpeopleapart.

Yes,youareright.

Hey,justaminute,I’veamessageonsmartphoneanditcan’twait.

Hey,wakeupandgetbacktowork.

What’swrongwithyou.

I’monmybreaksirandIhadabadheadache.

Well,you’renotpayingyoutosleep.

Ifyou’regoingtosleep,sleepsomeplaceselse.

Yes,sir,itwon’thappenagain.

Youhadbetternot.

Justaminute.Don’ttellmelikethat.

Whatdidyousay.

Youhurtme,youdon’thavetotreatpeoplelikethat.

Well,ifyoudon’tlikeit,Isuggestyouleave.

Ok,Iwill.Ipetenoughofyou.Iwillgetajobsomewhereelse.

L4Unit2-2Listening概率、角度

Thismanisholdingapieceoffoodinthishand.Thepieceoffoodiseitheranorangeoranapple.Whatcan’tseewhichit’sbecausewecanseeinsidethebox.Theprobabilitythatitisanorangeisequaltotheprobabilitythatitisanapple.Itmaybeanappleoritmaybeanorange.It’sgoingtobeoneortheother.Itcan’tbeanythingelse.

Nowlet’slookatitfromtheman’spointofview.Fromhispointofview,theprobabilityisdifferent.Fromhispointofview,thepossibilitythathehasanorangeis100%or0%.That’sbecauseheknowswhathehas.Forhim,thatisnotuncertainty.Ifhehasanorange,theprobabilityis100%.Ifhedoesn’thaveanorange,theprobabilityis0%.Heeitherhasitorhedoesn’t.

Fromourpointofview,theprobabilitythathehasanorangeis50%.Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitythathehasanorangeis100%or0%.Sotheprobabilitydependsonthepointofview.

Peopleseethingsfromdifferentpointsofview.Thisoftenleadstoargumentsbetweenthepeople.Herearesomeexamples.Fromhisman’spointofview,heisrelaxing.Heneedstorelaxbecausehehasbeenworkingtoohard.Hehasn’tbeengettingsleep.Hiswifeseethingsdifferently.Sheisn’tawareofhowhardhehasbeenworking.Fromherpointofview,heisdoingnothing.However,sheknowswhatneedstobedonearoundthehouse.Itisn’tfairthatshehastoworkwhilehedoesnothing.Whenpeopleseethingsfromdifferentpointsofview,theyoftencometodifferentconclusion.Thisdifferencescancauserealcommunicationproblems.

L4Unit2-2vocabulary自然灾害、宗教

Earthquakesarecausedbyforcesdeepwithintheearth.Whentheearthshakes,buildingscancollapseandpeoplecanbeburiedinside.

Anexplosionisarapid,violentreleaseofenergy.Explosionscanbecausedbychemicalreaction,suchasinsidetheengine.Asparkcanigniteamixtureofgasesandreleaseenergyforgoodanddestructivepurposes.

Accidentsareoftencausedbypeopledoingfoolishthingsorbynotbeingcareful.Onemajorcauseofaccidentisdrivingtoofast.Accidentswithfirecanbeveryserious,andcanresultinverypainfulinjuries.

Epidemicsaretherapidspreadofadisease,suchasthefluandEbola.Throughouthistory,epidemicshavekilledmillionsofpeople.Stormsarecausedbychangesinatmosphere,andresultinhighwindsandheavyrains.Thunderstormsarecausedbyelectricchargesintheatmosphere,thatproducelightening,whichcancauseforestfire.Somestormscauseflooding,andmajordamagetohomesandcities.

FollowersofthelslamreligionsarecalledMuslims.TheseMuslimsareprayerinsidetheMoses.Muslimsarecalledtoprayer5timesaday,beginningjustbeforesunrise.

ChristianityisbasedontheteachingofJesuscrisis,wholivedmorethan2000yearsago.ChristianbelievethatJesusisthesonofgod.Christiansareoftengatheringinchurches

orcathedralstoworship.

FollowersofJudaismarecalledJews.TheseJewsaremeetinginsidethesynagogue,whichisaplaceofworshipandstudy.Judaismwasfoundedover35hundredsyearsago,inthemiddleeast.JudaismisbasedontheteachingofMoses,whomtheybelieveit’sthemostimportantprophet.

BuddhismbeganinIndiaa