高三英语下学期专题复习 阅读精品五篇.docx

高三英语下学期专题复习 阅读精品五篇.docx

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高三英语下学期专题复习阅读精品五篇

2021年高三英语下学期专题复习阅读精品五篇

阅读专题词义猜测

A

（xx·北京东城期末检测）

TheextraordinaryEastgateBuildinginHarare,Zimbabwe’scapitalcity,issaidtobetheonlyoneintheworldtousethesamecoolingandheatingprinciplesasthetermitemound（白蚁丘）.

ArchitectMickPearceusedpreciselythesamestrategywhendesigningtheEastgateBuilding,whichhasnoair-conditioningandalmostnoheating.Thebuilding—thecountry’slargestmercialandshoppingplex—useslessthan10%oftheenergyofaconventionalbuildingofitssize.TheEastgate’sownerssaved$3.5millionona$36millionbuildingbecauseanair-conditioningplantdidn’thavetobeimported.

Theplexisactuallytwobuildingslinkedbybridgesacrossashady,glass-roofedatrium（天井）opentotheair.Fanssuckfreshairinfromtheatrium,blowitupstairsthroughhollowspacesunderthefloorsandfromthereintoeachofficethroughbaseboardvents（出口）.Asitrisesandwarms,itisdrawnoutviaceilingventsandfinallyexiststhroughforty-eightbrickchimneys.

Duringsummer’scoolnights,bigfansblowairthroughthebuildingseventimesanhourtocooltheemptyfloors.Byday,smallerfansblowtwochangesofairanhourthroughthebuildingtocirculatetheairwhichhasbeenincontactwiththecoolfloors.Forwinterdays,therearesmallheatersinthevents.

ThisisallpossibleonlybecauseHarareis1,600feetabovesealevel,hascloudlessskies,littledampnessandrapidtemperatureswings—daysaswarmas31℃monlydropto14℃atnight.“Youcouldn’tdothisinNewYork,withitsfantasticallyhotsummersandfantasticallycoldwinters,”Pearcesaid.

TheengineeringfirmofOveArup&Partnersmonitorsdailytemperatures.Itisfoundthatthetemperatureofthebuildinghasgenerallystayedbetween23℃and25℃,withtheexceptionoftheannualhotperiodjustbeforethesummerrainsinOctoberandthreedaysinNovember,whenadoorkeeperaccidentallyswitchedoffthefansatnight.Andtheairisfresh—farmoresothaninair-conditionedbuildings,whereupto30%oftheairisrecycled.

1.WhywasEastgatecheapertobebuiltthanaconventionalbuilding?

A.Itwasdesignedinasmallersize.

B.Noairconditionerswerefixedin.

C.Itsheatingsystemwaslessadvanced.

D.Itusedratherdifferentbuildingmaterials.

2.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph3?

A.Freshairfromoutside.B.Heatinthebuilding.

C.Hollowspace.D.Baseboardvent.

3.WhywouldabuildinglikeEastgateNOTworkefficientlyinNewYork?

A.NewYorkhasfewerclearskiesthanHarare.

B.Itsdampnessaffectsthecirculationofair.

C.NewYorkcoversalargerareathanHarare.

D.Itstemperaturechangesseasonallyratherthandaily.

4.ThedatainthelastparagraphsuggestsEastgate’stemperaturecontrolsystem.

A.allowsawiderangeoftemperatures

B.functionswellformostoftheyear

C.canrecycleupto30%oftheair

D.worksbetterinhotseasons

B

（xx·石家庄质检二）

SirJohn,aBritishscientistwhowonlastyear’sNobelPrizeforMedicine,saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.

Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraiseplexmoralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonoveretheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst“testtubebaby”.Hesaid,“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentwasdone,anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwillbebeforethesethingscanbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid,‘Well,itcouldbeanywherebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years?

’Itturnedoutthatitwasn’tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”.

Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoarenolongerfertile（能生育的）,tocreateanotherusingthemother’seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective,is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildwouldfeeltheyweresomesortofareplacementforsomething.

1.SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityinatmost.

A.100yearsB.60years

C.50yearsD.10years

2.Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?

A.LouiseBrownisthefirst“testtubebaby”.

B.Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.

C.SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.

D.Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn’texistbefore.

3.Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“”.

A.sameB.special

C.newD.clear

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.ThelifeofSirJohn.

B.Predictiononhumancloning.

C.Viewsonhumancloning.

D.Achievementsinhumancloning.

C

（xx·成都二诊）

Psychologistshavefoundthatoneofthebestwaystomakeanimportantdecision,choosingauniversitytoattend,forexample,involvestheuseofadecisionworksheet.Psychologistswhostudyoptimization（最优化）paretheactualdecisionsmadebypeopletotheoreticalidealdecisionstoseehowsimilartheyare.Supportersoftheworksheetprocedurebelievethatitwillbringaboutthebestdecisions.Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetscantake,theyareallsimilarintheiressentialaspects.Worksheetsrequiredefiningtheprobleminaclearwayandthenlistingallpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Next,theconsiderationsthatwillbeaffectedbyeachdecisionarelisted,andtherelativeimportanceofeachconsiderationorconsequenceisdetermined.Eachconsiderationisassignedanumerical（数字的）valuetoreflectitsrelatedimportance.Adecisionisthenmathematicallycalculatedbyaddingthesevaluestogether.Thechoicewiththehighestnumberofpointsesasthebestdecision.

Sincemostimportantproblemsaremultifaceted（多方面的）,thereareseveralalternativestochoosefrom,eachwithuniqueadvantagesanddisadvantages.Oneofthebenefitsofapencilandpaperdecision-makingprocedureisthatitpermitspeopletodealwithmorevariables（可变因素）thantheirmindscangenerallyprehendandremember.Onaverage,peoplecankeepaboutsevenideasintheirmindsatonce.Aworksheetcanbeespeciallyusefulwhenthedecisioninvolvesalargenumberofvariableswithplexrelationships.Arealisticexampleformanycollegestudentsisthequestion“WhatwillIdoaftergraduation?

”Agraduatemightseekapositionthatoffersspecializedtraining,pursueanadvanceddegree,ortravelabroadforayear.

Adecision-makingworksheetbeginswithastatementoftheproblemthatwillalsohelptonarrowit.Itisimportanttobeclearaboutthedistinctionbetweenlong-rangeandimmediategoals,becauselong-rangegoalsofteninvolveadifferentdecisionthanshort-rangeones.Focusingonlong-rangegoals,agraduatingstudentmightrevisethequestionaboveto“WhatwillIdoaftergraduationthatwillleadtoasuccessfulcareer?

”

1.InParagraph1,theauthordevelopsthediscussionbymeansof.

A.describingaprocess

B.classifyingtypesofworksheets

C.providinghistoricalbackground

D.explainingatheory

2.Whichofthefollowingstepsoccursbeforetheotherswhenmakingadecisionworksheet?

A.Decidingwhichconsequencesarethemostimportant.

B.Calculatinganumericalsummaryofeachsolution.

C.Listingtheconsequencesofeachsolution.

D.Writingdownallpossiblesolutions.

3.Accordingtodecision-worksheettheory,thebestchoiceisdefinedastheone.

A.thathasthemostpointsassignedtoit

B.thatusesthemostdecisionworksheets

C.thathasthefewestvariablestoconsider

D.thatisagreedtobythegreatestnumberofpeople

4.Theunderlinedword“revise”isclosestinmeaningto“”.

A.askB.explain

C.changeD.predict

D

（xx·河北保定一模）

Lookingtoimproveyourlanguageskills,butyoudon’thavethetimetogoabroadtoattendschool?

Moreandmoreuniversitiesaroundtheworldareofferingopportunitiesforstudentstogetdegreesonline（distanceeducation）fromthefortoftheirownhomes,andmanyofthesecollegesanduniversitiesareaccredited,meaningthattheyhavemetcertainstandardsofexcellence.

Ifyoudecidetotakelanguagecoursesonline（oranysubjectforthatmatter）,besurethereareadvantagesinstudyingonline.Itscostsareusuallylower,andyoucanstudyatyourownpace,andyoucaneasilygetthematerials24hoursadayfromalmostanyputerintheworld.However,youwon’tgetthehumaninteraction（互动）ofmeetingpeoplefacetoface,asyouwouldifyouwereattendingaschoolabroadinperson.

Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingabroadmayincludeday-to-daychancestolearnanewculture,tomeetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andtoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantagesforsomestudents,includinghighcosts,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,orworklife,anddifficultyingettingusedtoanewcultureandwayoflife.

Whateveryoudo,consideradistanceeducationprogramthatmeetsyoureducationalneeds,iswhatyoucanafford,andequallyimportantly,providesyouwithchancestogrowbeyondtheclassroomthroughculturalandeducationalactivities.

1.Theauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthetextisto.

A.discusssomepossiblewaysofimprovinglanguageskills

B.helppeopleavoidthedifficultyingettingusedtoanewculture

C.tellthereaderstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdistanceeducation

D.advisepeopletotakeonlinecourseswhen