英语四级仔细阅读真命题总三套题及答案解析.docx

英语四级仔细阅读真命题总三套题及答案解析.docx

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英语四级仔细阅读真命题总三套题及答案解析

2014年12月四级真题（第1套）

第一套：

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connectedmobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet'stremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun.

"MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,"

SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook,TheNewDigitalAge.

PerhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butffthebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it'sthattheauthorsdon'tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesinthesesweepingchanges.

Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes--andmoreimportantlypredicts--howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.

Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat"technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen't."Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy（对立观点）thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbadforsociety.InaninterviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheandhisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they'realsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeoplecomeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance（监视）.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?

A．Ittransformshumanhistory.

B．Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.

C．Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.

D．Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.

57.HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?

A．Theyareimmeasurable.

B．Theyareworldwide.

C．Theyareunpredictable.

D．Theyarecontaminating.

58.InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?

A．ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.

B．ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.

C．ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.

D．ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.

59.Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?

A．Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.

B．Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.

C．Peopledon'thavetotraveltoseetheworld.

D．Peopledon'thavetocommunicatefacetoface.

60.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?

A．TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.

B．TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.

C．Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.

D．Theydon'ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage（抵押贷款）paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyearnings.

Othermembersoftheautoworker'sfamily,however,mightbelessinclinedtotradethepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomicsecuritybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.

Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracreditcardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.

Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaverage,theyearned40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts（职位相对的人）,whileraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.

Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.

Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accord-ingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimprovethelivesoftheremaining20percentseemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

61.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?

A．Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.

B．Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.

C．Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.

D．Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.

62.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutretiredpeopletoday?

A．Theyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.

B．Theydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.

C．Theyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythaninthepast.

D．Theyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.

63.Whycouldn'tblackworkersbuyahouseinawhitesuburbanneighborhood?

A．Theylackedthemeansoftransportation.

B．Theyweresubjectedtoracialinequality.

C．Theywereafraidtobreakthelaw.

D．Theyweretoopoortoaffordit.

64.Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?

A．Divorceiseasiertoobtain.

B．Domesticviolenceislessened.

C．Itcauseslittlepaintoeitherside.

D．Itcontributestosocialunrest.

65.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietydo?

A．Getpreparedtofaceanynewchallenges.

B．Trytobetterthecurrentsocialsecuritynet.

C．Narrowthegapbetweenblacksandwhites.

D．Improvethelivesoffamilieswithproblems.

第二套：

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedaling（骑车的）passengersonthoseshiningblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?

IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?

AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram."It'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad,"hesaid.JamesRyan,anemployeeatDanny'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers."Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.

RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.ButforFrank'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90％sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth.

Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.

ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewasconcernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."

Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve."Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,"CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders'lackofawarenessofbildngrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it'sstilltooearlytotellffhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.

Whileit'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whatistheauthor'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNewYork?

A．Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.

B．Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.

C．Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.

D．Howthesafetyofbikeriderscanbeensured.

57.WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?

A．Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.

B．Itshifteditsbusinesstorentals.

C．Itsawitsbikesalesontherise.

D．Itrentedmorebikestotourists.

58.Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFrank'sBikeShop?

A．Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebike-shareprogram.

B．ItscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

C．Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.

D．Ithastocompetewiththecity'sbikerentalshops.

59.WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficult