英语英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx

英语英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx

《英语英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案

（英语）英语阅读理解（科普环保）题20套（带答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

   StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative（倡议）hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

   Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

   Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract（提炼）allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.

（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?

A. E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.

B. Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.

C. Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.

D. NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.

（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?

A. startingperiod                

B. collectioneffort                

C. finalstage                

D. hardsearch

（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?

A. Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.

B. Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.

C. Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.

D. Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.

（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?

A. Positive                        

B. Negative                        

C. Ambiguous                        

D. Indifferent

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。

inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

   Theartificialintelligence（AI）system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:

"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

   ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

   Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?

A. comfort                                 

B. treat                                 

C. spot                                 

D. nurse

（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?

A. Bystoringbloodsamples.                               

B. Byanalyzingpatients'cases.

C. Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.             

D. Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.

（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?

A. ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.

B. Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.

C. Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.

D. Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.

（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?

A. Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.

B. Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.

C. Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.

D. Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。

此处screen意为“筛查”。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Whileeverydogownerknowstheirdogscanreadtheirmoodsperfectly,scientistshavealwaysbeenalittledoubtful.NowthankstosomeresearchersattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna,Austria,wefinallyhavesomeconvincingevidence.

   Fortheirstudy,biologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposeselevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy.Halfthedogswererewardedfortouchingthescreenwhenshownahappyface,whiletheotherhalfgottheirtreatforselectingthosethatappearedangry.

   Interestingly,thedogswerenotprovidedwiththeentireface.Somedogswereshownonlyupperhalveswhiletheothersobservedlowerhalves.That'sbecausethescientistsbelievehumansshowtheiremotionsontheirentireface.

   Aftersometraininglikehowtorecognizesmalldifferenceslikethewrinklesbetweentheeyesorthechangesintheirshapethataccompanythehappyorangryexpressions,thedogsweremostlyabletoidentifythecorrectexpressionnotonlyonafamiliarfacebutonastrangeface.Theresearchersconcludedthedogsweresmartenoughtoreadhumanemotions.

   Theyalsofoundthosebeingtrainedtoreadangryexpressionstookalongertimetolearn.Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly.However,oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.Infact,thedogshadsuchagoodtimeplayingthecomputer"game"Thatscientistshadahardtimekeepingthemawayfromthetouchscreensafterthestudywascompleted.

   Theresearchersalsonoticedonlydogswithamaleownerhadahardertimeunderstandingtheexpressionscorrectly.Sincethetouch-screenmodelswereallfemales,thisconfirmedwhathasbeenobservedinpreviousstudiesdogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner.

（1）Howdidthescientistsconducttheexperiment?

A.Byleavingdogstowomenwhoareeitherhappyorangry.

B.Bymixingtheselecteddogstogether.

C.Byrewardingonlyhalfofthedogstouchingthescreen

D.Byshowingdigitalpicturesofwomen'shappyorangryfaces.

（2）Theunderlinedword"trepidation"inParagraph5probablymeans________.

A.fearandhesitation

B.curiosityandeagerness