Unit 3Lecture Notes Key to the Exsfor students.docx
《Unit 3Lecture Notes Key to the Exsfor students.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Unit 3Lecture Notes Key to the Exsfor students.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Unit3LectureNotesKeytotheExsforstudents
Unit3LectureNotes(forstudents)
Words&Expressions
onthelatch:
(ofadoor)closedbutnotlocked
-Letyourselfin;thedoorisonthelatch.
-Don’tforgettoleavethefrontdooronthelatchifyougotobedbeforeIcomeback.
rural:
adj.of,inorsuggestingthecountryside
-Bytheyear2003urbanresidentswilloutnumberruralresidentsinmostdevelopingcountries.
-庄稼种在乡村地区。
(=Cropsaregrowninruralareas.)
vulnerable:
adj.exposedtodangerorattack;unprotected
-ComparedwithSaudiArabiansoccerteam,theChineseteamismorevulnerable.
-你的论点相当容易受到批评。
(=Yourargumentsarerathervulnerabletocriticism.)
-Howdoesthecountrydefendvulnerablegroupsinsociety?
urban:
adj.of,situatedinorlivinginacityortown
-Motorvehicleemissions,toalargeextent,areresponsibleforurbanairpollution.
-Mosturbanareasintheworldarefacingtheproblemofover-population.
Collocation:
urbandistricts市区
theurbanpopulation城市人口
urbanareas市区
CF:
urban&municipal
这两个形容词都有“都市的、城市的”之意。
urban指以都市中心为主的行政区。
例如:
-Nowadays,asthepopulationandvehiclesincrease,urbandistrictsseemtobemorecrowded.
(=如今,随着人口增长和交通工具增多,市区似乎变得更拥挤了。
)
-Ourgovernmenthasalwayspaidmuchattentiontothelifeoftheurbanpoor.
(=我们的政府历来都重视城市贫民的生活。
)
municipal主要指与城市、市镇或其政府相关的部门、服务机构,尤指市政府机构管辖下属于公共的、为公众服务的设施、事业等。
例如:
-Citiesusuallyusetaxesforeducation,policeandfiredepartments,publicworksandmunicipalbuildings.
(=城市通常将税收用于教育、公安和消防部门、公共设施和市政建设。
)
statistics:
n.collectionofinformationexpressedinnumbers
-Thestatisticsindicatethatroughlyevery22yearsamajordroughtoccursintheUnitedStates.
-统计数字显示退休之后女性比男性生活愉快。
(=Statisticsshowthatwomenlivehappierlivesthanmenafterretirement.)
tranquil:
adj.calm,quietandundisturbed
-Visitorsliketostayinthishotelbecauseitisbeautifulandlocatedinatranquillakearea.
-家中的温馨气氛是非常重要的。
尽你所能去创造一个宁静和谐的家。
(=Alovingatmosphereinyourhomeissoimportant.Doallyoucantocreateatranquilandharmonioushome.)
-Anotheradvantageofcountrylifeisthatitismoretranquil.
CF:
tranquil&calm
这两个形容词都有“安静的、平静的”之意。
tranquil指安宁的、平静的。
例如:
-Wefoundatranquilspotonthebankofarivertohavearest.
(=我们在河岸上找到一块宁静的地方休息了一下。
)
-Shehasatranquillifeinthecountry,inanout-of-waylittlevillage.
(=她在乡间一个偏僻的小村子里过着宁静的生活。
)
calm表示平静的、镇静的,指一种毫无迷惑与兴奋的宁静状态。
例如:
-Hewentstraightintohisroom,hisfacequitecalm.
(=他径直走进自己的房间,脸色十分平静。
)
-Sheremainedcalmonthefaceofimminentdisaster.
(=灾难临头而她镇静自若。
)
era:
n.aperiodofhistoryoralongperiodoftime
-TheChristianerastartswiththebirthofChrist.
-Oureraproducesahostofheroesandheroines.
-我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。
(=Wearenowinagreatneweraofinformation.)
electronic:
n.oforrelatingtoelectronicsordevicesandsystemsdevelopedthroughelectronics
-UseoftheInternetisreplacingotherformsofelectroniccommunication.
-一般说来,直到现在,这样的机器人还是由大型电子计算机控制的。
(=Ingeneral,suchrobotshavebeencontrolleduptothepresenttimebylargeelectroniccomputers.)
hookupto:
connectorattach(sth.)to(sth.else)withorasifwithahook
-Ihookuptotheinternetalmosteveryday.
-MycomputerishookeduptotheInternet,soIcancommunicatewithmystudentsathomeviaemail.
-Thealarmsystemsinthebanksarehookeduptothelocalpolicestation.
buildin/into:
make(sth.)aspartofthestructure
-Thecupboardsinthekitchenareallbuiltin.
-Wearehavingthoseshelvesbuiltintothewalloverthebed.
pry:
1.vt.forcesth.openorawayfromasurface
-你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它?
(=Canyouhelpmeprythecoveroffthiswoodenboxwithoutbreakingit?
)
-Hercartrunkhadbeenpriedopenandallherequipmentwasgone.
2.vi.lookorinquirecloselyandcuriously
-Don’tpryintotheaffairsofothers.
Collocation:
pryabout到处窥探
pryinto窥探,打听
paste:
vt.sticksth.withglue
-Anoticehasbeenpastedtothedoor.
-这个年轻人将他最喜欢的歌手的照片贴在墙上。
(=Theyoungmanpastedthepicturesofhisfavoritesingeronthewall.)
premise:
n.
1)(pl.)allthebuildingsandlandthataninstitutionoccupiesononesite
-Ishowedhimoffthepremises.
-Thereisakitchenonthepremises.
-警察认为小偷仍在屋内。
(=Thepolicethinkthethiefisstillonthepremises.)
2)sth.thatyouacceptastrueanduseasabasisforanotherideaorwayofthinking(usu.followedbythat-clause)
-Itwasthelawyer’spremisethathisclientwasinnocent.
-I’mratherquestioningwhetherthewholepremiseiscorrect.
Collocation:
anassumedpremise假设
anunsoundpremise站不住脚的假设
feature:
1.vt.giveaprominentpartto(sb./sth.)
-报纸为那个事件做了个专题报道。
(=Thenewspaperfeaturedthestoryoftheevent.)
-Theplayfeaturedtwowell-knownactors.
2.n.aprominentordistinctiveaspect,quality,orcharacteristic
-Thebuildingcontainedmanynewfeaturesofconstruction.
Collocation:
auniquefeature独一无二的特征
akeyfeature主要特征
anotablefeature显著特征
makeafeatureof以…为特色;注重
chart:
n.adiagram,picture,orgraphwhichisintendedtomakeinformationeasiertounderstand
-Thechartshowedthedeclineinthecompany’ssalesduringtheyear.
-TheweatherchartshowswhererainfelloverChinayesterday.
Collocation:
compileachart编制图表
consultachart查看图表
aflowchart流程图
astatisticalchart统计图表
barrier:
n.thingthatpreventsprogressormovement
-Thefootballfansbrokethroughthebarriersandrushedontothepitch.
-TheEnglishChannelwasabarrieragainstNazigroundforces.
-警察设了路障。
(=Thepoliceputabarrieracrosstheroad.)
Collocation:
tradebarrier贸易壁垒
culturalbarrier文化隔膜
languagebarrier语言障碍
geographicalbarrier地理阻隔
barricade:
1.n.abarrieroflargeobjects,intendedtostopanenemy
-Barbed-wirebarricadesblockedoffallthemainstreets.
-Protestershavebeenputtingupbarricadesacrossanumberofmajorstreets.
Collocation:
place/erect/setup/putupbarricades设置路障
remove/demolish/teardownbarricades拆除路障
2.vt.blockwithabarricade
-WorkersinSpainbarricadedroadsandclashedwithpolice.
Pattern:
barricadeoneselfagainst;barricadeoneselfinto
-barricadeoneselfagainstoutsidemoraldecay
(=把自己同外界的道德沦丧隔绝)
-barricadeoneselfintoone’sroom
(=把自己关在房间里)
-Thefamiliesinthisremotevillagehavepracticallybarricadedthemselvesintotheirhomes.
hold/keep(sb.)atbay:
prevent(anenemy,pursuers,etc.)fromcomingnear
-Eatingorangeskeepscoldsatbay.
-Sheleftthelightonatnighttokeepherfearsatbay.
sideways:
adj./adv.to,towardsorfromtheside
-Alfredshothimasidewaysglance.
-Ifyouwouldmovesidewaystotheleft,Icangeteveryoneonthepicture.
-我们把桌子斜向一边以便把它搬进房间里。
(=Weturnedthetablesidewaystogetitintotheroom.)
standfor:
represent;mean
-WhatdoesNBstandfor?
-Thesymbol“%”standsforpercent.
-约翰一直支持正确的事情。
(=Johnalwaysstandsforwhatisright.)
analyze:
vt.examinesth.indetailinordertounderstandit,esp.byconsideringseparatelyalltheelementsitconsistsof
-Theteachertriedtoanalyzethecauseofourfailure.
-科学家分析了一下牛奶,发现里面水分过多。
(=Thescientistanalyzedthemilkandfounditcontainedtoomuchwater.)
margin:
n.anamountbywhichathingiswonorfallsshort
-GovernorBushwontheelectionbutbyasmallmargin.
-Demandforcollegeeducationexceedscapacitybyalargemargin.
-Withtheimprovementoftheirlivingconditions,people’sdemandforair-conditioninghasincreasedbyalargemargin.
Collocation:
with/byasmall/largemargin以微弱/较大的多数;幅度较小/大地
error:
n.mistake
-Hernamewasomittedbyerror.
-这次事故是由人为过错造成的。
(=Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.)
Collocation:
admit/acknowledgeanerror承认错误
amend/correct/rectifyanerror纠正错误
commit/makeanerror犯错误
CF:
error,mistake&fault
这三个词都有“错误、缺点”之意。
error通常指由于疏误而导致的行动上的错误或偏差,在实际运用中多指由于背离某种标准的偏差。
例如:
-Thisisanerroringrammar.
(=这是一个语法错误。
)
mistake多用于指缺乏正确的判断、理解、计算等而造成的错误,这种在行动或看法上的错误有时是无意的。
例如:
-Theteacherfoundseveralspellingmistakesinthepupil’swrittenanswers.
(=老师在学生的书面作业中发现了几处拼写错误。
)
fault可表示人或物的缺点和毛病。
用于人的过错时,多用于小且能宽恕的错误,含有当事人对造成的过错应负责任的意味。
例如:
-Withallhisfaults,heisstillagoodstudent.
(=尽管他有这些缺点,他还是个好学生。
)
civilize:
vt.causetoimprovefromaprimitivestageofhumansocietytoamoredevelopedone
-TheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterhasshockedthecivilizedworld.
-ItmustbeadmittedthattheRomanshelpedtocivilizemanyEuropeansatthattime.
-非洲国家希望把非洲所有的原始部落都变成文明社会。
(=TheAfricancountrieshopedtocivilizealltheprimitivetribesontheland.)
reflection:
n.
1)athingbringingdiscreditorcriticism(followedbyon)
-Thefactthatweallfailedthetestwasareflectiononourteacher.
-这有损你的名誉。
(=Thisisareflectiononyourhonor.)
2)reflecting(carefulthinking)orbeingreflected
-Onfurtherreflection,shesawhermistake.
-他沉思片刻后做出了否定的回答。
(=Afteraminute’sreflection,hegaveanegativeanswer.)
Collocation:
castareflectionon使人们对…产生鄙视(或怀疑)
cast/throwreflectionson指责(某人)
on/uponreflection经再三思考
withoutreflection轻率,不经思考
lookbackon:
thinkabout(sth.)inone’spast
-Ialwayslookbackonthosedaysasthehappiesttimeofmylife.
-当你回顾你的一生时,你最珍惜的是什么时候?
(=Whenyoulookbackonyourlife,whatmomentswouldyoucherishthemost?
)
UsefulExpressions
(门)关着但没上锁onthelatch
带钥匙carrykeys
(暂时)关闭closeup
巡逻严密的城区街道well-patrolledurbanstreets
据称很宁静的地区theallegedlytranquilareas
…的时代结束了theeraof…isover
电子报警系统electronicalarmsystems
连接到hookupto
内置,嵌入buildin
处于监控下undersurveillance
设置路障putupbar