预算改革预算管理质量外文文献.docx
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预算改革预算管理质量外文文献
文献信息
标题:
TheImpactofBudgetReformsontheQualityofBudgetManagementinNigeria
作者:
Egbide,Ben-Caleb;Sola,AdeyemiKenneth;Francis,Iyoha
出版物名称:
JournalofAccountingandAuditing
卷:
2014
页:
1-15
页数:
15
出版年份:
2014
出版商:
IBIMAPublishingLLC
出版物国家/地区:
UnitedStates
ProQuest文档ID:
1644455313
文档
URL:
http:
//ezproxy.scu.edu.au/login?
url=
版权©2015ProQuestLLC。
保留所有权利。
-条款与条件
TheImpactofBudgetReformsontheQualityofBudgetManagementinNigeria
Abstract
BudgetmanagementreformswerethemajorareasoftheNigerianpublicservicereformsundertakenfromtheinceptionofcivilianadministrationin1999.Themajorobjectivewastoenhancebudgetdisciplineamongothers.Thiswaspredicatedonthetheoreticalconsiderationsthatimprovingtheprocessandmanagementofbudgetingthroughreformswouldbeultimatelytranslatedintoimprovedbudgetaryoutcome.ThispaperempiricallyinvestigatedtheimpactofbudgetreformsonthequalityofbudgetmanagementinNigeria.TheMediumTermExpenditureFramework(MTEF)andtheFiscalResponsibilityAct(FRA)formtheproxiesforbudgetreforms,whilebudgetdiscipline(BDISC)andfiscaldiscipline(FDISC)wereusedasproxiesforthequalityofbudgeting.Historicaltimeseriesdatarepresenting7yearsbeforeand7yearsaftertheadoptionofMTEF,and5yearsbeforeand5yearsaftertheenactmentofFRAwerecollectedandanalysedusingthepre-test/post-testdesignofaPairedSampleT-test.Theresultfavouredourinitialpropositionthatbudgetreforms(MTEFandFRA)hadnotsignificantlyimpactedonthequalityofbudgetmanagement(BDISCandFDISC)inNigeria.Itwas,therefore,recommendedthatthegovernmentshouldprovidetheleadershipandpoliticalwill,notonlytoenforcetheprovisionsofFRA,MTEFandotherreforms,buttosanctionthosethatshortcircuitthesystemtotheiradvantage.Thiswillgoalongwaytoenhancecompliancewiththereforms,andbringabouttheexpectedimprovementinthequalityofthenation'sbudgetmanagement.
Keywords:
Budget,Reforms,Quality,Management
Introduction
Therelevanceofabudgetinanyeconomycannotbeoveremphasized.Thebudgetdoesnotonlyfunctionasamechanismforresourcemobilisationandallocation,italsoservesasatoolforeconomicmanagement(Olomola,2009andGovernmentIntegratedFinancialManagementInformationSystem(GIFMIS),2011).Thisisbecausethebudgetdocumentsetsthedirectionfortheentireeconomy,determineswhogetswhatandwhen,aswellasprovidesfundstoimplementnewinitiatives/policiesthroughlegal,rationalandacceptablemeans(Bengali,2004).Infact,itwillbeverydifficultifnotimpossibleforthegovernmentinanymoderneconomytorealisehervisioninanyfiscalyearwithouttheinstrumentalityofbudgeting(Olomola,2009).Thisiswhy,thedevelopmentofanation'sbudgetisconsideredtobethegovernment'ssinglemostimportantactivityinanygivenyear(GovernmentFinanceOfficersAssociation(GFOA),1999;NationalDemocraticInstitute(NDI),2003).
However,forabudgettofunctionasaninstrumentoffiscalcummacroeconomicengineering,boththebudgetprocessandbudgetmanagementmustbesound.Bysoundbudgeting,wemeanawell-plannedandimplementedpublicspendingstrategythatpromotestechnicalefficiency,allocativeefficiencyandequity(Lucien,2002).Itisthebudgetprocessthatischaracterisedbyfiscaldisciplineandefficienciesinbothoperationalandallocativedimensions(Olomola,2006,Olomola,2009).ThelackofthesebasicingredientsofsoundbudgetinginmostAfricancountries,includingNigeria,hasjustifiedthedescriptionoftheirbudgetaryperformancesasdisappointing,andunderscorestheneedforreformsinpublicfinancialmanagementingeneralandbudgetmanagementinparticular(Lienert&Sarraf,2001).
InNigeria,budgetmanagementreformswerethemajorareasofthepublicservicereformsundertakenfromtheinceptionofcivilianadministrationin1999.Prominentamongthesereformswere:
theMediumTermExpenditureFramework(MTEF)introducedin2005,andtheFiscalResponsibilityAct(FRA)passedintothelawin2007.Theobjectivesofthesereformsweretoimproveresourcemanagementbycurtailingwastefulspending,andtoensurebudgetdisciplineamongothers(GovernmentIntegratedFinancialManagementInformationSystem,2011).Afterseven(7)yearsoftheadoptionofMTEFandfive(5)yearsoftheenactmentofFRA,therealisationofthereforms'objectivesdoesnotseemtobeevident.
Itisagainstthisbackdropthatthisstudywasconceptualised.TheobjectiveistoempiricallyinvestigatetheimpactofMTEFandFRAonthequalityofbudgetmanagementinNigeria.Therestofthepaperisorganisedintofoursectionsnamely:
literaturereviewandtheoreticalframework,thestudymethodology,dataanalysisandconclusion.
LiteratureReviewandTheoreticalFramework
TheBudgetaryReformsinNigeria
Oneofthemajorconcernsofthegovernmentfromtheinceptionofthedemocraticcivilianadministrationin1999wastherateofextrabudgetaryspending,andblatantdisregardtobudgetruleperpetratedbyprevious(military)administrations(Ben-Caleb&Agbude,2013).Specifically,duringthemilitaryregimes,thebudgetprocesswassaidtobethrownintodisarraywithmajordefectswhichprecludedthebudgetfromperformingitsroleeffectivelyasatoolforeconomictransformation,ratherpressurisedthenationintoeconomicinstability(Obasanjo,1999).Expectedly,anumberofreformswereembarkeduponaimedatrevampingtheprocesses,programmesandpoliciesconsideredailing,inordertobringtheeconomyontractwiththenewdemocraticagendaandtodeliveringvaluetothepeople.Thepublicsectoringeneralandthepublicbudgetprocessinparticularwereamongtheareasforwhichreformswereexigent.
Consequently,anumberofbudgetrelatedreformswereintroducedintotheNigeriabudgetprocess.Theseinclude;Oil-Pricebasedonfiscalrule,theMediumTermExpenditureFramework(MTEF)2005,andtheFiscalResponsibilityAct2007amongothers(Garba,2011).Thereformscentredonfivemajoraspectsnamely;administrativeprocedures,budgetpreparation,managementofgovernmentspending,budgetimplementation,aswellasbudgetmonitoringandevaluation.Theywereintendedtoachievethefollowingobjectivesamongothers;reducethecostofgovernance,improvethemanagementofresourcesbycurtailingextravagances,increasingthelevelofproductivityandefficiency,aswellasensurebudgetdiscipline(i.e.adherencetolimits)(Olomola,2009;GIFMIS,2011)
Specifically,theMediumTermExpenditureFramework(MTEF)wasintroducedintotheNigerianbudgetaryprocessin2005;althoughit'slegalbackingcameviatheFiscalResponsibilityActin2007.AccordingtoPascua(2005),MTEFentailsannualbudgetingsysteminwhichbudgetdecisionsrelatingtonewprogramsandprojectsaremadeateverybudgetpreparationsessionbasedonthree-yearfiscalscenarios,toensurethatprojectsfinancedforthenextthreeyearswillbeapprovedundertheannualsystemandwillbeconsistentwiththebaselinebudgetingapproach.Itsemphasisisonamulti-year(threeyears)budgetpackaging.ThespecificobjectivesfortheadoptionofMTEFinNigeriaweretoimprovetheallocationofresourcestostrategicprioritiesamongandwithinsectors,aswellasprovideMDAswithahardbudgetconstraintamongothers(Olomola,2009;StatePartnershipforAccountability,ResponsivenessandCapability(SPARC),2009).
Similarly,theFiscalResponsibilityAct(FRA)wassignedintothelawbyPresidentMusaYar'Aduain2007.Itwasmeanttoensureprudentmanagementofnationalresources,amandateconsistentwithsection16ofthe1999constitution,amongothers.Besides,theFRAwassettopromotegreateraccountabilityandtransparencyinfiscaloperationsandprocesseswithinthemediumtermfiscalpolicyframework(Omolehinwa&Naiyeju,2011).Insummary,theenactmentofFRAformedthelegalbasisfortheMTEF,andgaveimpetustootherbudgetreformsaswell.
TheRelationshipbetweenBudgetReformsandBudgetManagement
Budgetreformsinvolvemakingchangestothewaysandmannerinwhichthebudgetisformulated,implementedandevaluatedforthepurposeoffacilitatingeffectiveness,efficiencyandeconomy(Allen1998citedinworldBank2001).Itisaboutrestructuringtheprocessand/ormanagementofanation'sbudgetingsysteminordertoimproveitsfeasibilityasafiscalpolicyvehicle.Byimplication,therefore,budgetreformsmusthavedirectimpactonthequalityofbudgetmanagement,otherwiseitwouldbeunnecessary.
Supportably,thefiveplanksofthereformsmentionedearlierinthispaper(i.e.administrative,preparation,management,implementationandmonitoring/evaluation)resonatedwithboth,thefourphasesofthebudgetcycle(formulation,enactment,executionandevaluation),andthefivemajorelementsofbudgetmanagement(efficiency,effectiveness,discipline,transparencyandaccountability).Itisthisinterconnectednessthatformsthefulcrumoftheconceptualandtheoreticalunderpinningofthisstudyasdepictedinfigure1.
Figure1demonstratesarelationshipamongthethreebudgets'constructs(Reforms,processandmanagement).Thethickarrowsrepresentdirectrelationshipsorfeedforwards,whilethethinarrowsrepresentfeed-backs.Theimplicationexemplifiedinthemodelisthatbudgetreformsinstigatechangesintheprocess,aswellasthemanagementofthebudgetinordertoimproveitsworkabilityasaneconomicmanagementtool.Itisalsoinconformitywiththetheoreticalpostulatesbyinstitutionaleconomiststhatinstitutionalreformsareanecessarycondi