高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists同步练习 新人教版必修5.docx

高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists同步练习 新人教版必修5.docx

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高中英语Unit1Greatscientists同步练习新人教版必修5

Unit1Greatscientists

话题诵读日积月累

[导语]　霍乱是霍乱弧菌（Vibriocholera）引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。

Cholera

Choleraisawater-bornediseasethatisspreadthroughpollutedwaterandfood.ItisanillnesscausedbythebacteriumcalledVibriocholera.Itproducesanenterotoxin（肠毒素）thatcausespainless，waterydiarrhea（腹泻）thatcanquicklyleadtoseveredehydration（脱水）anddeathiftreatmentisnotgiven.Mostpeopleinfectedwithcholeradonotbecomeill，althoughthebacteriumispresentintheirwastesfor7—14days.Whencholeradoeshappen，morethan90%ofcasesarenotsevereandaredifficulttotellfromothertypesofdiarrhea.Lessthan10%ofillpeopledevelopcholerawithsignsofmoderateorseveredehydration.

Apersonmaygetcholerabydrinkingwateroreatingfoodpollutedwiththecholerabacterium.Thediseasecanspreadrapidlyinareaswithoutpropertreatmentofdrinkingwater.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentindirtyriversandcoastalwaters.Shellfish

eatenrawcanbeasourceofcholera.Therefore，thediseaseisnotlikelytospreaddirectlyfromonepersontoanother.

Choleracanbesimplyandsuccessfullytreatedbyimmediatereplacementofthefluidandsaltlostthroughdiarrhea.Patientscanbetreatedbybeinggivenamixtureofsugarandsalttobemixedwithwateranddrunkinlargeamounts.Peoplewhodevelopseverediarrheaincountrieswherecholerabreaksoutshouldseekmedicalattentionatonce.

Inaword，toavoidcholera，weshoulddevelopagoodhabit.Weshouldeatwell-cookedfoodinsteadofrawfood.

[词海拾贝]

1．bacterium　　　n．细菌

2．coastaladj.临海的；沿海的

3．fluidn．液体　adj.液体的

4．mixturen．混合；混杂

5．seekvt.寻找，探寻；追求

[问题思考]

True（T）orFalse（F）：

1．Drinkingmuchwaterwithsugarandsaltisuselessinthetreatmentofcholera.（　　）

2．Inordertoavoidcholera，we'dbettereatcookedshellfish.（　　）

答案：

1.F　2.T

自主预习步步提高

词汇识记

Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义

1．suspect　　　　A．向……挑战

2．challengeB．宣布；通告

3．concludeC．责备；谴责

4．blameD．认为；怀疑

5．announceE．结束；推断出

6．exposeF．暴露；揭露；使曝光

7．contributeG．小心的；谨慎的

8．cautiousH．捐献；贡献

答案：

1.D　2.A　3.E　4.C　5.B　6.F　7.H　8.G

Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词

1．________n．特征；特性

2．________vt.打败；战胜；使受挫（n.）失败

3．________n．治愈；痊愈（vt.）治愈；治疗

4．________vt.吸收；吸引；使专心

5．________vt.预见；预知

答案：

1.characteristic　2.defeat　3.cure　4.absorb　5.foresee

Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词

1．________：

tobepresentatanevent

2．________：

tohaveanideathatsomethingisbadbutwithouthavingdefiniteproof

3．________：

tomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople

4．________：

tomakesomethingdirty

5．________：

thepartofsthusedtoopenit；todealwith；tooperateorcontrol

答案：

1.attend　2.suspect　3.link　4.pollute　5.handle

Ⅳ.选用短语的适当形式填空

putforward；link...to；expose...to；suspect...of；apartfrom；leadto；drawaconclusion；betoblame；beabsorbedin；makesense；bestrictwith

1．Wehadnodesireto________________ourplan.

2．Wemust________thisshamefulactivity________thenewspaper.

3．Thestudentssatintheclassroomand________readingEnglish.

4．Weconsiderthatyou________fortheaccident.

5．They________fromthefactatlast.

6．Peopleoften________lungcancer________smoking.

7．“You'veoftenmadethesamemistakes.Iwill______youfromnowon，”theteachersaidtoTom.

8．________thecost，thedressdoesn'tsuitme.

9．Whathehassaiddoesn't______．Ican'tunderstandit.

10．Theuseofinformationtechnologycould__________majorprogressfordevelopingnations.

答案：

1.putforward　2.expose　to　3.wereabsorbedin　4.aretoblame　5.drewaconclusion　6.link　to　7.bestrictwith　8.Apartfrom　9.makesense　10.leadto

Ⅴ.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语

1．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon－soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.

_______________________________________________________

2．Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

_______________________________________________________

3．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery__timetherewasanoutbreak.

_______________________________________________________

4．Awoman，whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet，likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehad__it__deliveredtoherhouseeveryday.

_______________________________________________________

答案：

1.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。

2．人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

3．每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。

4．有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。

语篇理解

课文表层理解

Ⅰ.判断正（T）误（F）

1．JohnSnowknewthatcholerawasnotabletobecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.

（　　）

2．Thefirsttheorysuggestedthatpeopletookcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

（　　）

3．JohnSnowwasoncefrightenedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblemofcholera.

（　　）

4．Thepeoplewhohadbeengivenfreebeerandnotdrunkthewaterfromthepumpwerenotattackedbythedisease.

（　　）

答案：

1.T　2.F　3.F　4.T

Ⅱ.根据课文内容回答问题

1．Whycouldn'tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst?

_______