英语语法总结及习题.docx

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英语语法总结及习题.docx

英语语法总结及习题

英语语法知识汇总 

目录:

一名词

二动词---行为动词、be动词、情态动词

三形容词

四数量词

五代词

六冠词

七一般疑问句

八特殊疑问句

九时态一:

一般现在时

十时态二:

现在进行时

十一时态三:

一般将来时

十二时态四:

一般过去时

十三therebe句型

十四感叹句

一、词类:

 

动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:

 

先用“一(量词)”(如:

一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。

(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道) 

一 名词 

表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。

判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就要用复数。

 

这里强调两点:

不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。

 如何加后缀:

 

a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:

book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 

b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:

bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:

family-families, strawberry-strawberries 

d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:

knife-knives 

e.不规则名词复数:

 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, 

policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 

判断步骤:

 

如是am、is或was→原形 

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 如是are或were→加复数。

 

名词练习

(一)名词变复数

1.name__________2.bird____________3.boy____________4.girl____________5.afternoon__________6.panda__________7.window_________8.door_____________

9.desk__________10.chair_____________11.dog___________12.cat___________

13.this____________14.teacher__________15.school___________16.classroom_________

17.child__________18.bag__________19.schoolbag___________20.book____________

21.pen___________22.pencil__________23.ruler_____________24.eraser___________

25.pencilcase_________26.crayon_________27.kite_________28.monkey__________

29.monster___________30.house___________31.box_________32.ball___________

33.birthday__________34.father__________35.mother_________36.friend_________

37.car____________38.sister____________39.brother_________40.doctor__________

41.nurse__________42.driver___________43.policeman__________44.pupil_________

45.hat__________46.toy___________47.bed___________48.bear____________

49.fish__________50.tree____________51.head____________52.nose____________

53.face___________54.ear___________55.mouth___________56.eye____________

57.body__________58.leg___________59.hand____________60.foot_____________

61.baby__________62.cow___________63.pig____________64.farm_____________

65.duck___________64.chick___________65.egg___________66.snake___________

67.elephant__________68.zoo___________69.giraffe___________70.tiger_________

71.horse___________72.animal___________73.table___________74.shirt__________

75.shoe___________76.sock____________77.football___________78.basketball_________

79.lion____________80.sport___________81.meatball__________82.idea____________

83.song____________84.team___________85.meat____________86.rice____________

87.child___________88.ginger__________89.onion____________90.icecream__________

91.banana___________92.apple__________93.milk_____________94.orange___________

95.fruit__________96.mlikshake_________97.tomato___________98.T-shirt__________

99.dress__________100.party____________101.poster__________102.home__________

103.moon__________104.sky____________105.city____________106.train__________

107.bus___________108.bike_____________109.holiday___________110.ship________

111.plane__________112.weekend__________113.piano___________114.drum_________

115.jacket__________116.sweater____________117.glove_________118.present_________

119.hair___________120.dumpling_________121.firecracker_________122.knife_________

123.fork__________124.hamburger__________125.grass____________126.food_________

127.cake_________128.water____________129.boat___________130.lake___________

131.bread__________132.winner__________133.koala___________134.shop___________

135.library__________136.pear____________137.peach__________138.test___________

139.class_________140.umbrella____________141.river__________142.clock__________

143.phone________144.writer____________145.floor__________146.vegetable________

147.paper__________148.bicycle___________149.mouse__________150.trip_________

151.minute___________152.mountain___________153.candy__________154.plant________

155.ice__________156.gold__________157.paintbrush____________158.leaf__________

159.woman_________160.machine____________161.potato___________162.duck________

163.wolf_________164.sheep____________165.village__________166.filed__________

167.lie__________168.concert____________169.message__________170.report________

171.planet___________172.ring_________173.country____________174.cousin_________

175.capital__________176.map__________177.language__________178.postcard_________

179.restaurant_________180.bench_________181.playground_________182.festvial_______

183.mask________184.neighbour___________185.chocolate________186.story__________

187.invitation________186.worker_________187.point_________188.fan__________

189.presenter__________190.fire__________191.firefighter________192.line________

193.rule__________194.colour_________195.that_________196.film_________

197.doll_________198.key_________199.cup___________200.flute_________

201.watermelon________202.knee_________203.finger__________204.medicine_________

205.exercise___________206.juice__________207.toilet___________208.hero_________

常复数

shortsglasseschopstickschipssweetssunglassestrousersclothes

(二)单词补写

1.Imakethew________(世界)beautiful.

2.Afteramomentsheopenshereyesandlooksoutofthew_________(窗户).

3.Sixtym___________makeanhour.

4.Thec_________ofChinaisBeijing.

5.Therearefours________inayear.

6.AretheremanypupilsintheparkonC_________Day?

7.ThanksgivingDayisanA_________festival.

8.Nancyisgoingtoplaythep_______atconcert.

9.Doyoulikeswimmingins_________?

10.Oneoftheboysisflyingak_______now.

(三)选出不同类的单词

()1.A.pencilB.bikeC.busD.car

()2.A.noseB.faceC.pigD.leg

()3.A.penB.rulerC.schoolD.eraser

()4.A.monkeyB.mouseC.flowerD.horse

()5.A.appleB.carrotC.pearD.grape

()6.A.doorB.teacherC.studentD.driver

()7.A.cakeB.riceC.bedD.egg

()8.A.todayB.togetherC.tomorrowD.tonight

()9.A.hospitalB.magazineC.cinemaD.bookstore

()10.A.driverB.singC.writeD.teach

(四)用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Therearesome_________(stamp)fromCanada.

2.Theshoesareonyour_________(foot).

3.Theyarepickingup___________(leaf).

4.He_________(teach)English.Heisa_________(teach).

5.Wherearethe____________(child)?

6.Some________(meat)isonthetable.

7.Ineedmyvolleyball.It’sonthe_________(floor).

8.Susan’s_______(notebook)areverynice.

9.Howmany________(library)arethereinyourschool?

10.Howmany________(thief)didyouseeyesterday?

11.Jim’sparentsaredoctors.Myparentsare__________(farm).

12.Howmany________________(womanteacher)arethereinyourschool?

(五)改错

1.Whichseasonsdoyoulikebest?

_____________

2.Theleaffalldowninthefall._____________

3.Idon’tlikegrape.They’resour._____________

4.WhenisJohn’smotherbirthday?

_____________

5.Theyareindifferentclass._____________

(六)句型转换

1.Thisismyfriend(改为复数句)_____________________________________________

2.Thosearehisstrawberries.(改为单数句)_________________________________________

3.Aretheseyourbooks?

(肯定和否定回答)_______________________________________

4.I’dlikesomemilk.(划线提问)________________________________________________

5.Thegirlismysister.Sheisinblue(合成一句)___________________________________

(七)单项选择

1、Iamgoingtoplay_________guitar.

A.theB.aC.anD./

2、Ilikeall_________shapes.

A.aB.anC.theD./

3.Thisisour__________.WehaveEnglishclasseshere.

A.homeB.windowC.classroomD.classrooms

4.I’mveryhungry.Iwanttohavesome________________.

A.teaB.milkC.waterD.noodles

5.Ilike___________,becauseit’scoolandIcanflykites.

A.springB.summerC.winterD.autumn

6.—Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

--I’mgoingtobuy________inthebookstore.

A.someapplesB.somebooksC.apairofshoesD.somemilk

7.—Arethere_________eggsinthefridge?

—Yes,thereare_________。

A.some;anyB.any;someC.some;someD,any;any

8.—Howmany________arethereinyourschool?

---Thereare12.

A.classB.classesC.libraryD.readingroom

9.In_______,theweatheriscool.

A.winterB.summerC.fallD.spring

10.DoesJimhave_____brothers______sister?

A.some;andB.any;andC.some;orD.any;or

11.Haveyougot_________ Japanesestamps?

A.aB.anyC.someD.an

12.UsuallyIgohomeon__________.

A.carB.footC.planeD.bus

13.–What______doyoulike?

--Badminton.

A.fruitB.sportC.colourD.plant

14.Ihave_______athome.

A.abreakfastB.breakfastsC.breakfastD.anbreakfast

15.Howmany________arethereinyourfamily.

A.boysB.boyC.girlD.theboy

 

二 动词 

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。

 

(1)行为动词 

就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。

如:

sweep、live、run、go等。

 

行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:

 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,

具体判断方法如下:

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词;有,就加ing (若是be going to 就用原形) 没有,再看情态动词 ;有,就用原形 ;没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语; 有,就加ed ;如果是第三人称单数就加s或es ;没有,再看主语 ,不是第三人称单数就用原形 。

以下为几种词形的变化

(一)第三人称单数的变法

动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。

1)、大多数动词在词尾加“S”。

如:

①stop-stops[s];make-makes[s]②read-reads[z];play-plays[z]

2)、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”如:

fly-flies[z];carry-carries[z]study-studies[z];worry-worries 

3)、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,如:

teach-teaches[iz];watch-watches[iz]

4)、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,如:

go-goes[z]do-does[z] 

(二)现在分词

动词加ing的变化规则 

      1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:

cook-cooking 

      2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:

make-making, taste-tasting 

      3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,

如:

run-running, stop-stopping 

(三)过去式变化规则:

 

      1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:

work__-worked , cook-cooked       

2.结尾是e加d,如:

live____lived  

      3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:

stop-stopped 

      4.以“辅音字母 y

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