TheSadYoungMen习题答案.docx

TheSadYoungMen习题答案.docx

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TheSadYoungMen习题答案

The-Sad-Young-Men-习题答案

TheSadYoungMen习题答案/answer

Ⅱ.

　1.Theyoungergenerationofthe1920swerethoughttobewildbecause1heyvisitedspeakeasies,denoucedPuritanmorality,etc.（Seepara.1）.

　2."Yes"and"noYes"becausethebusinessofgrowingupisalwaysaccompaniedbyaYoungerGenerationProblem,"no"becausealltheiractionscannowbeseeninperspectiveasbeingsomethingconsiderablylesssensationalthanthedegenerationofjazzmadyouth.

　3.Yes.Youthwasfacedwiththechallengeofchangingthestandardsofsocialbehavior,ofrejectingVictoriangentility.ButinAmericatheyoungpeopletriedtoescapetheirresponsibilitiesandretreatbehindandairofnaughtyalco-holicsophisticationandaposeofBohemianimmorality.

　4.Therevoltwaslogicalandinevitablebecauseoftheconditionsintheage.Firstofall,therebellionaffectedtheentireWesternworld.Second,peopleintheUnitedStatesrealizedtheircountrywasnolongerisolatedineitherpoliticsortraditionandthattheycouldnolongertakerefugeinisolationism.

　5.Alltheactivitiesmentionedaboveweremeanstohelptheyoungpeopletoescapetheirmoreseriousresponsibilitiesofchangingsocietyandmostyoungpeoplewentinfortheseactivities.Itbecameageneralpatternofbehavior.6.Thewarwhippeduptheirenergiesbutdestroyedtheirnaivette.Itmadethemcynical.Theycouldnotfitthemselvesintopostwarsocietysotheyrebelledandtriedtooverthrowcompletelythegentelstandardsofbehavior.

　7.Intellectualsandnon-intellectualsbegantoimitatethepatternoflifesetbythoselivinginGreenwichVillage.ThesepeoplelivedaBohemianandeccentriclife.Theydefiedthelawandfloutedallsocialconventions.Theyattackedthewar,Babbittry,and"Puritanical"gentility.

　8.TheseyoungintellectualswantedAmericatobecomemoresensitivetoartandculture,lessavidformaterialgain,andlesssusceptibletostandardization.

　9.TheyemigratedtoEuropebecausethere"theydothingsbetter"thanintheUnitedStateswherepeopleonlycareformoneyandwealth.OnlyinEuropewilltheybeabletofindremedyfortheirsensitiveminds.

　10.Theywerecalledthe"lostgeneration"byGertrudeSteinbecausetheyweretroubledandworriedandhademigratedtoEurope.ButtheywereneverreallylostfortheyfinallyreturnedtoAmericaandproducedtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingworksinAmerica'sliterayexperience.

Ⅲ.

　1.Thestructuralorganizationofthisessayisclearandsimple.Theessaydivideslogicallyintoparagraphswithparticularfunctions:

tointroducethesubject（introduction）inparagraph1,tosupportanddevelopthethesis（thebodyorthemiddle）inparagraphs2through9,tobringthediscussiontoanend（conclusion）inparagraphs10and11.

　2.HortonandEdwardsstatetheirthesisinthelastparagraphoftheessay:

"TheintellectualsoftheTwenties,the"sadyoungmen",asF.ScottFitzgeraldcalledthem,cursedtheirluckbutdidn'tdie;escapedbutvoluntarilyreturned;flayedtheBabbitsbutlovedtheircountry,andinsodoinggavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginitsliteraryexperience."

　3.Theysupporttheirthesisbyprovidinghistoricalmaterialconcerningtherevoltoftheyoungergenerationofthetwentiesinaseriesofparagraphsandparagraphunitsbetweentheintroductionandconclusion.

　4.Yes.Eachparagraphorparagaphunitdevelopsanewbutrelatedaspectofthethoughtstatedinthethesis.Frequentlythefirstsentenceofthesemiddleparagraphsstatesclearlythemainideaofthematerialthatfollowsandindi-catesanewbutrelatedstageofthedevelopingthought.Forexample:

TherejectionofVictoriangentilitywas,inanycase,inevitable.（paragraph3）.TherebellionstartedwithWorldWarI.（paragraph5）GreenwichVillagesetthepattern.（paragraph7）Meanwhilethetrueintellectualswerefarfromflattered.（parageraph9）.

　5.Thetwoparagraphsformasingleunit.Thewritersbegin.withaclearlystatedmainidea--GreenwichVillagesetthepatternanduseparagraph1toexplainGreen-wichVillagetothereader,followinginparagraph2withsup-portingmaterialshowinghowtherestofthecountryimitatedlifeinthe"Village".

　6.Student'schoice.

　7.Student'schoice.

Ⅳ.

　1.Attheverymentionofthispost-warperiod,middle-agedpeoplebegintothinkaboutitlongingly.

　2.Inanycase,anAmericancouldnotavoidcastingasideitsmiddle-classrespectabilityandaffectedrefinement.

　3.ThewaronlyhelpedtospeedupthebreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.

　4.InAmericaatleast,theyoungpeoplewerestronglyinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilities.Theypretendedtobeworldly-wise,drinkingandbehavingnaughtily.

　5.TheyoungpeoplefoundgreaterpleasureintheirdrinkingbecauseProhibition,bymakingdrinkingunlawfuladdedasenseofadventure.

　6.Ouryoungmenjoinedthearmiesofforeigncountriestofightinthewar.

　7.Theyoungpeoplewantedtotakepartinthegloriousad-venturebeforethewholewarended.

　8.Theseyoungpeoplecouldnolongeradaptthemselvestolivesintheirhometownsortheirfamilies.

　9.ThereturningveteranalsohadtofaceProhibitionwhichthelawmakershypocriticallyassumedwoulddogoodtothepeople.10.（Underallthisforceandpressure）somethingintheyouthofAmerica,whowerealreadyverytense,hadtobreakdown.

　11.ItwasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungWriterswhosemindsandwritingswerefilledwithviolentangeragainstwar,Babbitry,and"Puritanical"gentility,shouldcomeingreatnumberstoliveinGreenwichVillage,thetraditionalartisticcentre.

　12.Eachtownwasproudthatithadagroupofwild,recklesspeople,wholivedunconventionallives.

Ⅴ.Seethetranslationofthetext.

Ⅵ.

　1.flapper:

（Americanism）（inthe1920s）ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionanddress

　2.provincial:

narrow,limitedlikethatofruralprovinces

　3.code:

anysetofprinciplesorrulesofconduct;amoralcode

　4.Prohibition:

theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes~specificallyintheU.S.,theperiod（1920-1933）ofprohibitionbyFederallaw

　5.agent:

anactiveforceorsubstanceproducinganeffect,e.g.,achemicalagent

　6.orgy:

anywild,riotous,licentiousmerrymaking;debauchery

　7.GreenwichVillage:

sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan:

notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.

　8.draft:

thechoosingortakingofanindividualorindividualsfromagroupforsomespecialpurpose,especiallyforcompulsorymilitaryservice

　9.distinction:

thequalitythatmakesoneseemsuperiororworthyofspecialrecognition

　10.action:

militarycombatingeneral

　11.whipup:

rouse;excite

　12.give:

bend,sink,move,breakdown,yield,etc.fromforceorpressure

　13．burden：

repeated，centralidea；theme

　14．keepupwiththeJoneses：

strivetogetallthematerialthingsone’sneighborsorassociateshave

15．writeoff：

dropfromconsideration

Ⅶ．

　1．speakeasy：

aplacewherealcoholicdrinksaresoldillegally，esp．suchaplaceintheU．S．duringProhibition

　2．sheik：

amasterfulmantoWhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistablyattracted

　3．drugstorecowboy：

Awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures

　4．soapopera：

adaytimeradioortelevisionserialdramaofahighlymelodramatic，sentimentalnature．Ithasbeensocalledsincemanyoriginalsponsorsweresoapcompanies．

　5．Babbittry：

（afterGeorgeBabbit，titlecharacterofasatiricalnovel（1922）bySinclairI．ewis）asmuglyconventionalpersoninterestedchieflyinbusinessandsocialsuccessandindifferenttoculturalvalues：

Philistine

　6．fast：

（adjectl‘ve）livinginareckless，wild，dissipatedway

　7．boobery：

sameasBabbittry，smug，self—satisfied，conformistinculturalmatters

Ⅷ．

　1.flourish意为向很理想的状况发展或正处于该状况，即发展的鼎盛时期。

boom意为突然迅速地蓬勃发展。

aggressive—ness在这里指大胆积极的开拓进取。

aggression指无故地攻击别人或喜欢争吵。

　2.obsolete指废旧的，不再时兴，不再使用的。

obsolescent指向废旧转变的，过渡的。

　3.warfare泛指打仗或武装冲突。

war一方面使用范围较广，可指任何敌对的争斗，如thewaragainstdisease，另一方面可用于具体的、个别的作战，如hefoughtinthiswar（不能用warfare）。

　4.preparedness指有所准备的状态，而preparations则指作准备的行动或过程。

　5．r三cession和depression同为婉转语，指资本主义国家经常出现的经济危机。

recession比depression委婉些，而depression又比crisis委婉些。

　6．naive指真正的单纯或没有人为的痕迹，但有时又含有愚蠢、缺乏社会知识的意思。

innocent指无罪，不会耍花样，或不做、不想不道德的事。

　7．ignore意为故意视而不见，有时表现为拒不接受事实。

disregard意为不注意或疏忽，常常是有意的。

　8．migrate意为从一地区、一国家迁移到另一地区、另一国家。

指人时，意为迁往外地定居，指动物时，意为出于气候原因和食物供给等进行季节性迁移。

emigrate和immigrate仅用于人，emigrate具体指人离开一个国家到另一个国家定居。

Ⅸ．

　1．Wehavebecomeaworldpowersowecannolongerinouractionjustfollowtheprinciplesofrightandwrongasacceptedinoutowncountry。

norcanweremainisolatedgeographicallyprotectedbytheAtlanticandPacificoceans．Inotherwords．theUnitedStatescannolongerpursueapolicyofisolationism．

　2．ThewaronlyhelpedtospeedupthebreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure．

　3．TheGreatEconomicDepressionwhichstartedintheUnitedStatesin1929broughttheyoungescapistsbacktotheirsensesandstoppedthewild，riotouslivestheywereliving．

　4．Theseyoungpeoplecouldnolongeradaptthemselvestolivesintheirhometownsortheirfamilies．

　5．1twasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungwriterswhosemindsandwritingswerefilledwithviolentangeragainstwar．Babbittry．and“Puritanical”gentility，shouldcomeingreatnumberstoliveinGreenwichVillage，thetraditionalartisticcentre．

　6．Manyotheryoungpeoplebegantointensifyandspreadthisrevoltoftheyoungbytheirownmisdeeds—breakingthelawandlivingunconventionallives.TheyoungintellectualslivinginGre