排版 括号 习题 初稿1.docx

排版 括号 习题 初稿1.docx

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排版括号习题初稿1

chapter1

1.（）isnotonlyasciencebutalsoanartthatdealswiththedeterminationoftherelativepositionsofpointsonorneartheEarth'ssurface.

A.LevelingB.SurveyingC.Sketch

2.The（）andthereliabilityofthesurveydependonthefieldexpertiseofthesurveyor,butalsoontheunderstandingoftheschematicprinciplesunderlyingandaffectingallformsofsurveymeasurement.

A.qualityB.accuracyC.quantity

3.（）todaycannotworkeffectivelywithoutmodernsurveyingequipment.

A.SurveyorsB.InspectorC.Manager

4.Oneofthesurveyingpurposesistodeterminethe（）ofpointsonEarth'ssurface,anddrawthemonmapsaccordingtogivenscaleandsymbols.

A.lengthB.positionsC.angles

5.Suchaprocedurebeginswiththeestablishmentandsurveyingofaseriesofpointsinthesurveyedarea，thesepointsarecalled"（）points”.

A.detialB.chainC.control

6.Surveyingisdividedlimotwomajorcategories,planeand（）surveying,accordingtotheshapeoftheEarth'ssurfaceinmeasurementwork.

A.geographicalB.geodeticC.physical

7.（）surveyingaimtogathersurveyingdataaboutthenaturalandman-madefeaturesoftheland,aswellasitselevations.

A.TopographicB.PalneC.Geodetic

8.Manykindsofsurveyingequipmenthavebeenusedinthepastandpresenttohelpasurveyormeasurevarious（）ofalandarea.

A.positionsB.parametersC.points

9.Inancienttimessurveyingequipmentincludedchains,compass,solarcompass,transit,（）andmore.

A.tapeB.theodoliteC.level

10.A（）isthebestknowntoolformeasuringasymmetricallandareasastheyeliminatetheneedforchartsormanualcalculations.

A.planimeterB.compassC.TotalStation

chapter2

1.Earth'scircumferenceanddiameterdifferbecauseits（）isclassifiedasanoblatespheroidorellipsoid,insteadofatruesphere.

A.lengthB.volumeC.shape

2.WewilldefineamathematicalsurfacethatapproximatestotheshapeoftheareaunderconsidererLionandthenfitandorientateittotheEarth'ssundae.Suchasurfaceisreferredinsurveyingasa'reference（）'.

A.planeB.ellipsoidC.datam

3.Thegeoidisonlyatheoreticalsurface.Whichis（）ateverypointtothedirectionofgravity.

A.perpendicularB.intersectC.parallel

4.TheheightoftheMSLabovethegeoidiscalledtheseasurface（）（SST）.

A.terrainB.topographyC.landform

5.（）height（h）isthedistanceaboveorbelowtheellipsoid（plusorminus）.

A.ElevationB.NormalC.Ellipsoidal

6.Thelinesof（）（meridians）areformedbyprojectingthelongitudeangleouttothesurfaceoftheEarthattheequator.

A.latitudeB.longitudeC.angle

7.（）referenceandgridreferencedescribehowxandydimensions（horizontal）ofanyfeaturecanbereferencedforplanesurveyingpurposes.

A.GeographicB.HeightC.Position

8.Thenationalellipsoidsarethegeometricreferencesurfacesonlyfor（）coordinates.

A.parallelB.rectangularC.horizontal

9.（）indicatesnearnessofmeasuredvalue（M）totruevalue（T）.

A.AccuracyB.PrecisionC.Precise

10.Forexample,ifameasurementcontainsasystematicerror,thenincreasingthesamplesizegenerallyincreases（）butdoesn’timproveaccuracy.

A.blunderB.preciseC.precision

chapter3

1.A （） isaprecisioninstrumentformeasuring angles inthehorizontalandverticalplanes.

A.theodoliteB.levelC.telescope

2.Alongwiththetransit,theodoliteshavemountedtelescopesthatcanberotatedindifferent（）. 

A.heightsB.directionsC.angles

3.Transittheodolites（orjust'Transits'）arethoseinwhichthetelescopecan（）inacompletecircleintheverticalplane.

A.translateB.rotateC.change

4.Thetelescopecontainsan（）thattheuserlooksthroughtofindthetargetbeingsighted. 

A.crosspairB.objectiveC.eyepiece

5.Unlikethehorizontalangle,a（）angle（elevationordepression）isnotadifferencebetweentwosettings,butisreferredtothehorizontalplaneaszero.

A.verticalB.parallelC.intersection

6.Theodoliteshaveaninternal（）devicethatmakesreadingcirclesmuchmoreaccuratethanotherinstruments. 

A.infraredB.elecricC.optical

7.Thereadoutisdonebya rotaryencoder,whichcanbeabsolute,e.g.using Graycodes,orincremental,using（）lightanddarkradialbands.

A.equilateralB.equidistantC.isometric

8.A （） isusedwhenthenorth-southreferencebearingofthemeridianisrequiredintheabsenceofastronomicalstarsights.

A.gyrotheodoliteB.transitC.theodolite

9.The（）ofthemeridianplanewiththehorizontalcontainsthetruenorth-southgeographicreferencebearingrequired.

A.forwardintersectionB.backwardintersectionC.intersection

10.Astronomicalstarsightsareabletogivethe（）bearingtobetterthanonehundredtimestheaccuracyofthegyrotheodolite.

A.LongitudeB.meridianC.latitude

chapter4

1.Levelisadeviceforestablishingahorizontallineorplanebymeansofa（）inaliquidthatshowsadjustmenttothehorizontalbymovementtothecenterofaslightlybowedglasstube.

A.tubeB.crosshairC.bubble

2.（）istheverticaldistanceaboveorbelowareferencedatum.Insurveying,thereferencedatumthatisthatofmeansealevel.

A.PositionB.ElevationC.Height

3.Meansealevelistermed（）,whichisassignedaverticalvalue（i.e.elevation,expressedasHinthisbook）of0.000m.

A.GeoidB.DatamC.Qusi-geoid

4.ClassIisthebasic（）ofthenationalnetworkanditsaccuracyisthehighest.

A.rangeB.frameworkC.route

5.Bothdigitallevelandassociatedstaffaremanufacturedsothattheycanbeusedforboth（）anddigitaloperations.

A.conventionalB.ancientC.artificial

6.Thelight,reflectedfromthewhiteelementsonlyofthebarcode,isdividedinto（）andvisiblelightcomponentsbythebeamsplitter.

A.microwaveB.invisibleC.infrared

7.Thusthelineof（）neednotbeperpendiculartotheverticalaxis,asitmustinthedumpylevel.

A.collimationB.widthC.length

8.Thelowerpartofthelevelassemblyconsistsofathreescrewbasewhichmustbesetupsothatasmallcircularspiritlevelbubbleisin（）.

A.adjustmentB.correctC.movement

9.Abovethebasetheinstrumentconsistofatelescopeanda（）leveltube.

A.liquidB.sensitiveC.dull

10.Thetelescopesoftheseinstrumentsonlyneedtobeapproximatelyleveledandthenacompensatingdevice,usuallybasedona（）systeminsidethetelescope,correctsfortheresidualmislevelment.

A.IMUB.gyroscopeC.pendulum

Chapter5

1.（）surveying-definedastheuseofelectronicsurveyequipmentusedtoperformhorizontalandverticalmeasurementsinreferencetoagridsystem.

A.TheodoliteB.TotalstationC.Transit

2.Atotalstationintegratesthefunctionsofatheodoliteformeasuringangles,an（）formeasuringdistances,digitaldataandadatarecorder.

A.DTMB.EDMC.IMU

3.Alltotalstationprogramsrequirethattheinstrumentstationandatleastonereferencestationbeidentifiedsothatallsubsequent（）stationscanbedefined（X,Y,andZcoordinate）.

A.tied-onB.attachC.tied-in

4.Typicaltotalstationprogramsincludepoint（）,missinglinemeasurement,azimuthcalculations,remoteobjectelevationcalculations,offsetmeasurements,layoutorsetting-outpositions,andareacomputation.

A.levelB.locationC.height

5.However,therealworldshouldbebasedonaspheroidand（）coordinatesmustbetransformedtogeographiccoordinatesifprojectsarelargescale.

A.planeB.rectangularC.square

6.Themicro-processorprovidedintheinstrumentappliesthecorrectionforearth’s（）andmeanrefraction,automatically.

A.curvatureB.surfaceC.radius

7.Theprimaryfunctionofsurveyinginstrumentsistomeasuredistances,anglesandheights.

A.lengthB.positionC.heights

8.Ittakesmeasurementsbycalculatingthe（）ofthewavelengthofthereflectedlight.

A.timeB.spectrumC.deviation

9.（）totalstationsallowtheoperatortocontroltheinstrumentfromadistanceviaremotecontrol.

A.RoboticB.ElectronicC.Phsical

10.Topcon'sGPT-7000iisaWorld'sFirstimagingtotalstationhasadditionalsoftwarewhichcancreate3Dpointcloudsand（）images.

A.planeB.infraredC.stereoscopic

Chapter6

1.A3Dlaserscannercanquicklyscanthesubjectsurfacemanytimestoobtainsetsof3Dcoordinatesof（）geometricsamplingpoints（calledpointclouds）.

A.triangleB.spatialC.plane

2.Laserrangescanningprovidesanefficientwaytoactivelyacquireaccurateanddense3D（）ofobjectsurfacesorenvironments.

A.photographB.pointcloudsC.image

3.3DLaserScannercanthenbeappliedinawidevarietyoffields,suchas3Dgameormovieproductioninentertainmentindustry,（）engineering （bridges,buildings,etc）.

A.roadB.conservancyC.civil

4.Insummary,the（）featureoflaserscanningisitsmostfundamental,drivingtechnicaldifferentiatorscomparedtoothersurveymethods.

A.high-densityB.ampitudeC.phase

5.Alaserscansurveyfeaturesultra-fastdatacapture,remotemeasurement,3Dvisualization,andinformativeimagery,soitcanbecalledthe“ultra-fast,high-definition,reflectorless（）survey.”

A.landformB.terrainC.topographic

Chapter7

1.A （） isadeviceformeasuringormaintaining orientation,basedontheprinciplesof angularmomentum.

A.gyroscope B.transitC.TotalStaition

2.Agyroscopeisa（）wheelordiscinwhichtheaxleisfreetoassumeanyorientation.

A.suspensionB.rotatingC.spinning

3.Thedevice'sorientationremainsnearlyfixed,regardlessofthemountingplatform'smotion,becausemountingthedeviceinagimbal minimizes（）.

A.torqueB.externaltorqueC.internaltorque

4.Toconventional gyroscope theinnergimbalisjournaledfor（）inanoutergimbalforatotaloftwogi