高中阅读理解特训精选学习文档.docx
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高中阅读理解特训精选学习文档
高中阅读理解特训（浙江专版）
“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。
只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。
《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也？
”；《论语》中的“有酒食，先生馔”；《国策》中的“先生坐，何至于此？
”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于《礼记?
曲礼》，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。
passageone
观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。
随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。
我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。
看得清才能说得正确。
在观察过程中指导。
我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：
乌云像大海的波浪。
有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。
”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。
”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。
”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：
“这就是雷声隆隆。
”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：
“雨下得怎样?
”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。
雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：
“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。
”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。
我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。
如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀―样，给大树开刀治病。
通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。
ItwasacoldnightinDecember.Twobeggarsweresittingonabusystreetcornerinthedowntownsectionofthecity.Thecoldwindmadethemhuddle（挤）togetherforheatandcomfort.Theywatchedhelplesslyasscoresofpeoplewalkedby,someignoringthemonpurposeandotherstoocaughtupintheirowncarestoevennoticetheirexistence.Everysooften,akind-heartedwomanorasmallchildwoulddropafewcoinsinthehatswhichlayinfrontofthemontheicysidewalk.Somepeople,feelingparticularlygenerous,wouldevenpulloutabillortwofromtheirwalletsanddropthemintothebeggars’hatsandthencontinuedtheirwalking.
要练说，得练听。
听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。
我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课堂上，我特别重视教师的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。
当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听，用心记。
平时我还通过各种趣味活动，培养幼儿边听边记，边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼，轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力，强化了记忆，又发展了思维，为说打下了基础。
Todaywasnotabaddayforbegging.Themenwereabletocollectenoughforagoodmealatthecoffeeshopdownthestreetandafewcandlestolightuptheirshelterinthealley（胡同）behindthetrainstation.Asthecrowdbegantodiedown,theystartedtopackuptheirbundlesandheadfortheireveningshelter.
要练说，得练听。
听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。
我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课堂上，我特别重视教师的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。
当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听，用心记。
平时我还通过各种趣味活动，培养幼儿边听边记，边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼，轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力，强化了记忆，又发展了思维，为说打下了基础。
Justastheyweregettingreadytoleavethestreetcorner,theynoticedamanwalkingtowardthem.Hewasobviouslyawealthyman—theycouldtellthatfromthefinelytailoredbusinesssuithewaswearingandthegoldwatchchainadorned（装饰）hisleftpocket.
这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。
要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。
其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。
如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。
如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?
Thefirstbeggarlookedatthesecondandwhisperedwithexcitement,“He’scomingourway!
Thetwotriednottolookdirectlyatthemanashesteppedclosertothem,buttheycouldn’thelpstaringathimashereachedintohispocketandtooksomethingout.
“Thunk”wastheonlysoundtheyheardaswhatlookedlikeapieceofhardcandy,wrappedcarefullyintissuepaperhiteachoftheirwaitinghats.Therichmanturnedandcontinuedonhisway,notmakingabackwardglance.
“Howinsulting!
”saidthefirstbeggar,assoonastherichmanwasoutofsight.“Hecouldhaveeasilyleftusafewcoinsorasparebill,butheplayedajokeonuswithapieceofrockcandy.”
Helookedatthewrappedofferingwithdisgust.“Whodoeshethinkweare—children?
There’snowaywecaneveneatthis—wehavenoteeth.”
Thebeggarpickeduptheobjectwiththeverytipsofhisfingersandthrewitintothegutter（排水沟）.Hewatchedasitfloatedafewyardsinthestreamofmuddywateranddisappearedintothegutterattheendofthestreet.Then,hegathereduphisthingsandwalkedaway.
Thesecondbeggarlookeddownatthemorselinhishat,thenathisdepartingfriend.Hisfirstthoughtwastotossthedonationinthetrashcanunderthestreetlight.Buthissecondthoughtmadehimchangehismind.
“Ihaven’thadanythinglikethisforages,”hethought.“Ican’tchewit,butIcansuckonitforawhile,andthesweetjuicewillstayinmymouthforalongtime.Howniceofthatmantooffermesomethingsosweet!
”
Heopenedthepapereagerly,thenpausedashishandstouchedtheinside.“MaybeIshouldsaveitforanothertime,”hethought.“Itwon’tspoil,andIcouldeatitlaterwhenI’mreallyhungry.”
Thebeggarpausedforamoment,thenhesaidaloud,“Hewantedmetohaveitanyway.Imightaswellenjoyitnow.”
Withthat,heunfoldedthepaper,buttohissurprise,therewasnohardrockcandyinside.Instead,intohisfingersfellashinywhitepearlworththousandsofdollars.
1.Thefirstparagraphservesasa（n）______.
A.explanation B.introduction C.background D.comment
2.Thetwobeggarsstartedtoleavethestreetcornerwhen____.
A.darknessfell B.fewpeoplepassedby
C.theyfelttoocold D.thewindbegantoblowhard.
3.Thetwobeggarsthoughtthemanwasrichfrom_____.
A.hisappearance B.hiswayofwalking
C.thejewelleryhewore D.theshinyshoes
4.Whatdidthefirstbeggarthinkoftherichman?
A.Helookeddownuponthepoor. B.Hewasverykindandwarm-hearted
C.Hetreatedthemaschildren D.Hewastoomean.
5.Theunderlinedwords“themorselinhishat”probablyreferto______.
A.thedonationfromtherichman
B.thecoinsthesecondbeggarcollected
C.therockcandytherichmangavethesecondbeggar
D.thefoodthesecondbeggarleftover
6.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?
A.Everydoghasitsday.
B.Patienceisthebestremedyforeverytrouble.
C.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
D.Hethatcanhavepatiencecanhavewhathewill.
passagetwo
Myfriendgotmarried.Hismothercarriedtwobagsofcottonfromthecountrysidebybusandtraintohiscity.Afterarrivingatthecity,therewasstillalongwaytohishousewithoutanybuspassingbythehouse.Hismotherwalkedtohishomebreathlesslyfor40minuteswithouttakingataxiinordertosavemoney.
Myfriendfeltbitteraswellasfunnyathismother’sdeeds.Hepointedtothecashmereandsilkquiltsandsaid,“Solongasyouhavemoney,youcanbuyanythinginthesupermarket.Thereisnoneedforyoutocarrysomuchcottonhereinsuchalongway.”
Buthismotherinsistedandsaid,“Thecottonofthisyearislightandwarmth-keeping.Haveatryandyouwillknow!
”
Maybeeveryparentisthesame,caringfortheirchildrenwithstubbornlovewithoutcaringaboutwhethertheyknoworlikeit.
Thisearlyspring,Iwenttovisitmygrandmother.Wehaddrybeansstew（炖菜）,eggplantsaladbar,sauceradish（酱萝卜条）forourdinner,allofwhichweredriedbymygrandmotherlastautumnandtastedwonderful.Ilovedthedishestomyheart’scontentandcouldnothelppraisingthemagainandagain.
Afterafewdays,mygrandmother,whoseldomvisitedus,cametomyhomeandunpackedherbag,smilinglytakingoutbagsofdriedeggplants,driedbeansanddriedvegetable.ShetoldmethatIleftsohastilylasttimethatsheforgottogivemesomeofthesefoods,soshetookthischancetobringmewhatIliked.
Iwasspeechlessatthattime.Duetomycasualcomplimentaryherfood,mygrandmother,anearly70-year-oldlady,bytakingthreebusesfromthewestofthecitytotheeast,cametomyhomewiththefoodIliked.Butshewasbus-sickinlifeandevenseldomwentstrollinginthestreet.
Myprettygirlfriendhadafailedmarriageinthepast.Afterdivorce,herparentsshedthedeepestprotectionandcaretoherbyhelpingherattendtothechildandofferingfinancialaids.Herparents’lovemadeherpullherselftogetherandforgotthemanwhohadhurtherbefore.
Nonetheless,herfather,anhonestanduprightoldman,afterhearinghisex-son-in-lawgotpromotedinhiscompany,feltterrificallyirritatedandwenttohiscompanytoquestionhisbosswhyaphilanderingmanwithcorruptconductscouldgetpromoted.Thewholeofficefellintoamessimmediatelyandmanystaffjustwatchedonthesidelines.Somepeopleevenwhisperedlightly,"Itisaneweranowandtherelationshipbetweenmenandwomenisveryopen.Noonewouldcareaboutthatanymore!
"
Theoldmanstoodsilentlyintheofficewithhishandsshiveringandeyestearing.
Thatnight,mygirlfriendcriedheavilyinfrontofme.Iaskedherwhetheritwasherfather’sstupiddeedsthatmadeherfeelhumiliated.Butshesaidthatshefeltguiltyforherdadandthatthoughtherestofthewholeworldbetrayedher,heroldfatherwouldstillbackherupandhelphergetthejusticeshedeserved,justaswhenshewasyoungandtheneighboringboygrabbedherball,herfatherwouldgetitbackforher.However,thischangedworldwasnolongerthestageforheroldfatherandhisdeedsbecamefunnilyobsolete.Noonemanagedtoseetherealandever-lastinglovetohisdaughterbehindhisseeminglyrudebehaviors.
Nowwehavegrownupsomuchsothatwecouldsupportourfamilyandhaveourownchildren.Butinourparents’heart,theyarestillworriedthatwedonothavesufficientquiltsanddriedvegetables.Theywouldnotfeeltroubledtobringallthesetousregardlessoflongtoughjourney.Theyevenwouldnotlikeustosufferabitandtryallmeanstoprotectuswithoutcaringaboutwhetherwhattheydoisawkwardandstupi
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