四级考试真题.docx
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四级考试真题
2010年12月四级考试真题
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?
.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……
HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
AGrassrootsRemedy
Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.
Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.
Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:
familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.
AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.
Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.
Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.
Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:
nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.
OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.
Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.
Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.
DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.
Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:
notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.
Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.
Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.
Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld
Walk:
Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.
Sit:
Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.
Drink:
Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:
talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.
Learn:
Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:
andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.
Travel:
Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:
bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:
forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.
1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?
[A]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.
[B]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.
[C]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.
[D]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.
2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?
[A]Thingsthatarenatural.
[B]Thingsthatarepurchased.
[C]Urbansurroundings.
[D]Personalfreedom.
3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?
[A]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.
[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.
[C]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.
[D]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.
4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas______.
[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience
[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife
[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood
[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying
5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?
[A]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.
[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.
[C]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.
[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.
6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?
[A]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.
[B]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.
[C]Theybecomegood-humoured.
[D]Theyareabletolivelonger.
7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat______.
[A]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence
[B]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged
[C]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother
[D]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople
8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe__________________________.
9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout______________________.
10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek__________________________withthenaturalworld.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.
[B]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.
[C]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.
[D]Shecan’tstandthehotw