南京景点英语导游词.docx

南京景点英语导游词.docx

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南京景点英语导游词

南京景点英语导游词

篇一：

Dr.SunYatsen’sMausoleum

AmongthehistoricalandculturalattractionsinNanjing,thebestknownisDr.SunYatsen’sMausoleum.

Dr.SunYatsen’sMausoleumsitsonthesouthernslopeofthePurpleMountainintheeasternsuburbsofthecity.DesignedbyayoungarchitectLuYanzhi,themausoleumtookmorethan3yearstobuildandcost1.5millionsilverdollars.TheconstructionbeganonMarch12,1926andcompletedin1929whenDr.SunYatsenwasburiedthereonJune1.

Dr.SunYatsen,alsonamedSunWenorSunZhongshan,isconsideredasthefatheroftheChinesedemocraticrevolution.BorninapeasantfamilyinGuangdongProvincein1866,hehadhisprimaryeducationinHonolulu,Hawaiisponsoredbyhiselderbrotherfrom1878to1883.Hewassosadwhenhesawthepovertyofthecountryuponhisreturn.Chinahadbeenasuperpowerforcenturies.ButsincethemiddleofQingDynastyinthe1800’s,Chinabegantodecline,whichowedagreatdealtothecorruptionsandincompetenceoftheQinggovernment.Foreigninvasionsandpeasantrebellionsmadeitevenworse.TheOpiumWarin1840endedwiththe“TreatyofNanjing”.Chinawasforcedtopayanindemnityof21millionsilverdollarsandcedeHongKongtotheGreatBritainandopen5freeportcitiestothewesterners,whichwereGuangzhou,Xiamen,Fuzhou,NingboandShanghai.FollowingwerethewarsagainlaunchedbyFrancein1883andJapanin1894.TheChinesepeoplelivedinamiserablelife.Theywerereferredtothe“sickmanoftheOrient”bythewesterners.Dr.SunYatsendreamedtosavethenationbypracticingmedicineandthatledhimtoHongKongtolearnmedicinewhenhewas21yearsold.However,itdidnotwork.TherealitymadehimgiveuphismedicalcareerinhishometownandMacaobutturntopoliticsin1893.

Fromthenon,hekeptpetitioningtotheQinggovernmentforreformsbutwasneverresponded.Atgreatdisappointment,heleftthecountrylaterandwentcanvassingextensivelyintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,EuropeandJapan,tryingtowinthesympathyandsupportfromtheoverseasChinese.Withthefundsraised,heorganized“ReviveChinaLeague”-China’sfirstbourgeoisorganization.Thefollowing1905witnessedthefoundingofthe“ChineseRevolutionaryLeague”headedbyDr.SunYatsen,apartywithaclear-cutprogramof“ExpelTartars,RestoreChina,EstablishRepublic&EqualizeLand.”Dr.SunYatsenalsoputforth3democraticprinciplesof“Nationalism,Democracy&People’sLivelihood”ashispoliticalgoal.ThearmedmovementsagainsttheQinggovernmenttookplacecontinuously.

Themostimportanteventfollowingwasthe1911RevolutioninWuhanledbyDr.SunYatsen,whichdrovethelastemperoroftheQingDynastyoutoftheForbiddenCityinBeijing,markingtheendoftheolddynasticsysteminChina.Inthesameyear,therepresentativesof17provincesmetinNanjingandelectedDr.SunYatsenpresidentoftheprovisionalgovernmentoftheRepublicofChina.OnJanuary1,1912itwasinNanjingwherethefirstrepublicinChinesehistorywasfoundedandDr.SunYatseninauguratedhispresidency.

Unfortunatelythenewrepublicwasthreatenedbypowerfulwarlordsinthenorth.Toavoidpoliticalcrisisandsavetherepublic,Dr.SunYatsencompromisedconditionallywiththemajornorthernwarlordnamedYuanShikaiwhohadbeenpursuingthenationalpowerforalongtime.HeresignedattheendofMarch1912,butneverstoppedpursuinghisgoal.

Soonafterthat,Chinawentintochaoticcivilwarsagain.Thesituationledtoaseriesofmovementslike“theSecondRevolution,”“SavetheRepublic,”“RestoretheLegislation”and“theNorthernExpeditions”inthefollowingyears.Dr.SunYatsenspentmostofhistimedealingwithwarlords.Notuntil1921,Dr.SunYatsenresumedhispresidencyinGuangzhou.AttheFirstNationalCongressoftheChineseKuomintangin1924,headoptedthepolicyof“AlliancewithRussiaandCommunists,AssistancetoPeasantsandWorkers”andofficiallyacknowledgedthecooperationbetweentheNationalistPartyandCommunistPartyinrunningthegovernment.

InNovemberof1924,Dr.SunYatsen,despitehispoorhealth,madeanexpeditiontothenorthwithhisambitiontoeliminatewarlords,expelimperialistsandabrogateunequaltreaties.HewaswarmlygreetedbythousandsofpeopleuponhisarrivalinBeijing.Hemetwithmanypoliticiansandwarlords,tryingtopersuadethemtogetunitedtobuildanewChina.Buttheresultdidnotlookoptimistic.Hebecameverysickduetohardworkandhadtobehospitalized.Thediagnosisturnedouthewassufferinganadvanced-stagelivercancer.Whenherealizeditwouldnotbeverylongforhimtostayinthisworld,hedictatedhisassistant3lastwills,onetohisparty,onetotheRussiangovernmentandtheothertohiswifeMadamSongQingling.OnMarch12,1925Dr.SunYatsenpassedawayinBeijingUnionHospital.

Dr.SunYatsenisagreatmanbecausehedevoted40yearsofhislifetopursuinghisdreamt