虚拟语气.docx

虚拟语气.docx

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虚拟语气

SubjunctiveMood

虚拟语气

一.语气的分类

●陈述语气

①Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

②Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.

●祈使语气

①Let’sgo.

②Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.

●虚拟语气

①IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

②Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon

二.虚拟语气

1.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法

条件从句

If从句的谓语形式

主句的谓语形式

现在

V.+ed（were）

would/could/should/might+V（原）

过去

haddone

would/could/should/might+have+p.p.

未来

1.V.+ed.

2.should+V.（原）

3.weretodo

would/could/should/might+V.（原）

Eg:

1.a.IfhewerehereIwouldexplainittohimmyself

b.Iftherewerenowaterontheearth,therewouldbenolife.

c.Ifwehadtimenow,weshould（would）readitagain.

2.a.IfIhadseenhimyesterday,Iwouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.

b.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldnothavemadesuchamistake.

c.Iwouldn’thavebelievedit,ifIhadn’tseenithappen.

3.a.Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.

b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.

c.Ifsheshouldcome,Iwouldaskherforhelp.

2.虚拟语气的特殊句型

①wish的宾语从句现在:

现在:

过去时（were）

过去:

过去完成时

未来:

would/could/might+V.

Eg:

a.IwishIwereastallasyou.

b.IwishIwereabird.

表示对过去情况的虚拟:

从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。

c.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.

d.Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.

e.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.

②wouldratherthat

现在:

过去时

过去:

过去完成时

未来:

过去时

Eg:

a）Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

b）Iwouldratheryouhadattendedthemeetingyesterday.

c）Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.

③asif/though+Clause

现在：

过去时

过去：

过去完成时

Eg:

a）Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.

b）Itseemsthatitwerespring.

c）Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.

d）Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.

e）Helooksasifheweredrunk.

④It’s（about/high）time+that

过去时（were）

Should（不省）+V.

Eg:

你该走了。

It’shightimethatyouwent.

It’shightimethatyouweregoing.

It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.

我们该去睡觉了。

It’stimethatwewenttobed.

It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.

⑤表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。

使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。

宾语从句中常见动词:

一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。

即

1）.insist

2）.order,command

3）.advise,suggest,propose

4）.demand,require,request,desire

Eg:

a）WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.

b）HeinsistedthatI（should）bepresent

c）Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.

d）Theyrequestedthatwe（should）sendthemtoworkthere.

注意:

如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。

e）Isuggestthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.

f）Heinsistedthathe（should）besentthere.

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire

g）It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.

h）Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.

i）Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.

⑥without和butfor构成虚拟。

butfor要不是

Eg:

a）Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.

b）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.

c）Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.

d）Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.

含蓄条件句:

有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句

e）Iwasillthatday.otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）

f）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）

g）Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格结构）

⑦Ifonly…要是就好了

Eg:

a）IfonlyIknewhisname!

b）Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!

c）IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!

d）Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!

e）IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!

⑧It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即（should）+动词原形

Eg:

a）Itisimportantthatwe（should）masteraforeignlanguage.

b）Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.

c）It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard

3.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:

①假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。

主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

a）Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.

b）Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.

②假设条件虚拟倒装。

条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。

a）IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.

WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.

b）Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.

Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.

c）IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.

HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.

d）Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?

Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?

③谓语动词以should+havedone的形式出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做的事情,从而表示一种责备的语气。

a）Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkyesterday.

b）Youshouldhavecomeherefiveminutesearlier.

c）Heshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.

注意：

　在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。

a）IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.

如果我是你,就会去找他。

b）Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。