六级真题阅读答案补充版.docx
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六级真题阅读答案补充版
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选词填空
【其中一篇原文】
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA?
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Childrenarenatural-bornscientists.Theyhave36minds,andtheyaren’tafraidtoadmittheydon’tknowsomething.Mostofthem,37losethisastheygetolder.Theybecomeself-consciousanddon’twanttoappearstupid.Insteadoffindingthingsoutforthemselvestheymake38thatoftenturnouttobewrong
Soit’snotacaseofgettingkidsinterestedinscience.Youjusthavetoavoidkillingthe39forlearningthattheywerebornwith.It’snocoincidencethatkidsstartdesertingscienceonceitbecomesformalized.Childrennaturallyhaveablurredapproachto40knowledge.Theyseelearningaboutscienceorbiologyorcookingasallpartofthesameact-it’salllearning.It’sonlybecauseofthepracticalitiesofeducationthatyouhavetostartbreakingdownthecurriculumintospecialistsubjects.Youneedtohavespecialistteacherswho41whattheyknow.Thusoncetheyenterschool,childrenbegintodefinesubjectsanderectboundariesthatneedn’totherwiseexist.
Dividingsubjectsintoscience,maths,English,etc.issomethingwedofor42.Intheendit’salllearning,butmanychildrentoday43themselvesfromascientificeducation.Theythinkscienceisforscientists,notforthem.
Ofcourseweneedtospecialize44.EachofushasonlysomuchtimeonEarth,sowecan’tstudyeverything.At5yearsold,ourfieldofknowledgeand45isbroad,coveringanythingfromlearningtowalktolearningtocount.Graduallyitnarrowsdownsothatbythetimeweare45,itmightbeonetinylittlecornerwithinscience.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A)A)accidentally
B)acquiring
C)assumptions
D)convenience
E)eventually
F)exclude
G)exertion
H)exploration
I)formulas
J)ignite
K)impart
L)inquiring
M)passion
N)provoking
O)unfortunately
【答案】
36-L-inquiring37-O-unfortunately38-C-assumptions
39-M-passion40-B-acquiring41-K-impart
42-D-convenience43-F-exclude44-E-eventually
45-H-exploration
长篇阅读
【其中一个版本的答案】
HighSchoolSportsAren’tKillingAcademics
46-50JBDKH
51-55CLFAE
【其中一个版本的答案】
GrowingUpColored
46-50FDJCI
51-55MBHEG
【其中一个版本的题目及答案】
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
[A]Foratleastthelastdecade,thehappinesscrazehasbeenbuilding.Inthelastthreemonthsalone,over1,000booksonhappinesswerereleasedonAmazon,includingHappyMoney,Happy-People-PillsForAll,and,forthosejuststartingout,HappinessforBeginners.
[B]Oneoftheconsistentclaimsofbooksliketheseisthathappinessisassociatedwithallsortsofgoodlifeoutcomes,including-mostpromisingly-goodhealth.Manystudieshavenotedtheconnectionbetweenahappymindandahealthybody-thehappieryouare,thebetterhealthoutcomesweseemtohave.Inameta-analysis(overview)of150studiesonthistopic,researchersputitlikethis:
“Inductionsofwell-beingleadtohealthyfunctioning,andinductionsofill-beingleadtocompromisedhealth.”
[C]Butanewstudy,justpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS)challengestherosypicture.Happinessmaynotbeasgoodforthebodyasresearchersthought.Itmightevenbebad.
[D]Ofcourse,it’simportanttofirstdefinehappiness.Afewmonthsago,Iwroteapiececalled“There’sMoretoLifeThanBeingHappy”aboutapsychologystudythatdugintowhathappinessreallymeanstopeople.Itspecificallyexploredthedifferencebetweenameaningfullifeandahappylife.
[E]Itseemsstrangethattherewouldbeadifferenceatall.Buttheresearchers,wholookedatalargesampleofpeopleoveramonth-longperiod,foundthathappinessisassociatedwithselfish“taking”behaviorandthathavingasenseofmeaninginlifeisassociatedwithselfless“giving”behavior.
[F]"Happinesswithoutmeaningcharacterizesarelativelyshallow,self-absorbedorevenselfishlife,inwhichthingsgowell,needsanddesireareeasilysatisfied,anddifficultortaxingentanglementsareavoided,"theauthorsofthestudywrote."Ifanything,purehappinessislinkedtonothelpingothersinneed.”Whilebeinghappyisaboutfeelinggood,meaningisderivedfromcontributingtoothersortosocietyinabiggerway.AsRoyBaumeister,oneoftheresearchers,toldme,"Partlywhatwedoashumanbeingsistotakecareofothersandcontributetoothers.Thismakeslifemeaningfulbutitdoesnotnecessarilymakeushappy.”
[G]ThenewPNASstudyalsoshedslightonthedifferencebetweenmeaningandhappiness,butonthebiologicallevel.BarbaraFredrickson,apsychologicalresearcherwhospecializesinpositiveemotionsattheUniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,andSteveCole,ageneticsandpsychiatricresearcheratUCLA,examinedtheself-reportedlevelsofhappinessandmeaningin80researchsubjects.
[H]Happinesswasdefined,asintheearlierstudy,byfeelinggood.Theresearchersmeasuredhappinessbyaskingsubjectsquestionslike“Howoftendidyoufeelhappy?
”“Howoftendidyoufeelinterestedinlife?
”and“Howoftendidyoufeelsatisfied?
”Themorestronglypeopleendorsedthesemeasuresof“hedonicwell-being,”orpleasure,thehighertheyscoredonhappiness.
[I]Meaningwasdefinedasanorientationtosomethingbiggerthantheself.Theymeasuredmeaningbyaskingquestionslike“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyourlifehasasenseofdirectionormeaningtoit?
”,“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyouhadsomethingtocontributetosociety?
”,and“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyoubelongedtoacommunity/socialgroup?
”Themorepeopleendorsedthesemeasuresof“eudaimonicwell-being”-or,simplyput,virtue-themoremeaningtheyfeltinlife.
[J]Afternotingthesenseofmeaningandhappinessthateachsubjecthad,FredricksonandCole,withtheirresearchcolleagues,lookedatthewayscertaingenesexpressedthemselvesineachoftheparticipants.LikeneuroscientistswhousefMRIscanningtodeterminehowregionsinthebrainrespondtodifferentstimuli,ColeandFredricksonareinterestedinhowthebody,atthegeneticlevel,respondstofeelingsofhappinessandmeaning.
[K]Cole’spastworkhaslinkedvariouskindsofchronicadversitytoaparticulargeneexpressionpattern.Whenpeoplefeellonely,aregrievingthelossofalovedone,orarestrugglingtomakeendsmeet,theirbodiesgointothreatmode.Thistriggerstheactivationofastress-relatedgenepatternthathastwofeatures:
anincreaseintheactivityofproinflammatorygenesandadecreaseintheactivityofgenesinvolvedinanti-viralresponses.
[L]ColeandFredricksonfoundthatpeoplewhoarehappybuthavelittletonosenseofmeaningintheirlives-proverbially,simplyherefortheparty-havethesamegeneexpressionpatternsaspeoplewhoarerespondingtoandenduringchronicadversity.Thatis,thebodiesofthesehappypeoplearepreparingthemforbacterialthreatsbyactivatingthepro-inflammatoryresponse.Chronicinflammationis,ofcourse,associatedwithmajorillnesseslikeheartdiseaseandvariouscancers.
[M]“Emptypositiveemotions”-likethekindpeopleexperienceduringmanicepisodesorartificiallyinducedeuphoriafromalcoholanddrugs-”areaboutasgoodforyouforasadversity,”saysFredrickson.
[N]It’simportanttounderstandthatformanypeople,asenseofmeaningandhappinessinlifeoverlap;manypeoplescorejointlyhigh(orjointlylow)onthehappinessandmeaningmeasuresinthestudy.Butformanyothers,thereisadissonance-theyfeelthattheyarelowonhappinessandhighonmeaningorthattheirlivesareveryhighinhappiness,butlowinmeaning.Thislastgroup,whichhasthegeneexpressionpatternassociatedwithadversity,formedawhopping75percentofstudyparticipants.Onlyonequarterofthestudyparticipantshadwhattheresearcherscall“eudaimonicpredominance”-thatis,theirsenseofmeaningoutpacedtheirfeelingsofhappiness.
[O]Thisistoobadgiventhemorebeneficialgeneexpressionpatternassociatedwithmeaningfulness.Peoplewhoselevelsofhappinessandmeaninglineup,andpeoplewhohaveastrongsenseofmeaningbutarenotnecessarilyhappy,showedadeactivationoftheadversitystressresponse.Theirbodieswerenotpreparingthemforthebacterialinfectionsthatwegetwhenwearealoneorintrouble,butfortheviralinfectionswegetwhensurroundedbyalotofotherpeople.
[P]Fredrickson’spastresearch,describedinhertwobooks,PositivityandLove2.0,hasmappedthebenefitsofpositiveemotionsinindividuals.Shehasfoundthatpositiveemotionsbroadenaperson’sperspectiveandbufferspeopleagainstadversity.Soitwassurprisingtoherthathedonisticwell-being,whichisassociatedwithpositiveemotionsandpleasure,didsobadlyinthisstudycomparedwitheudaimonicwell-being.
[Q]“It’snottheamountofhedonichappinessthat’saproblem,”F