高考英语外刊 人工智能将思想转化文字.docx
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高考英语外刊人工智能将思想转化文字
Mind-readingAIturnsthoughtsintowordsusingabrainimplant
30March2020
By JasonArunnMurugesu
Mind-readingAIturnsthoughtsintowordsusingabrainimplant
Anartificialintelligencecan accuratelytranslatethoughtsintosentences,atleastforalimitedvocabularyof250words.Thesystemmaybringusastepclosertorestoringspeechtopeoplewhohavelosttheabilitybecauseofparalysis.
JosephMakinattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,andhiscolleaguesuseddeeplearningalgorithmstostudythebrainsignalsoffourwomenastheyspoke.Thewomen,whoallhave epilepsy,alreadyhadelectrodesattachedtotheirbrains tomonitorseizures.
Eachwomanwasaskedtoreadaloudfromasetofsentencesastheteammeasuredbrainactivity.Thelargestgroupofsentencescontained250uniquewords.
Theteamfedthisbrainactivitytoaneuralnetworkalgorithm,trainingittoidentifyregularlyoccurringpatternsthatcouldbe linkedtorepeatedaspectsof speech,suchasvowelsorconsonants.Thesepatternswere thenfedtoasecondneuralnetwork,whichtriedtoturn themintowordstoformasentence.
Eachwomanrepeatedthesentencesatleasttwice,andthefinalrepetitiondidn’tform partof thetrainingdata,allowing theresearcherstotestthesystem.
Eachtimeapersonspeaksthesamesentence,thebrainactivityassociatedwillbesimilarbutnotidentical.“Memorisingthebrainactivityofthesesentenceswouldn’thelp,sothenetworkinsteadhastolearnwhat’ssimilaraboutthemsothatitcangeneralisetothisfinalexample,”saysMakin.Acrossthefourwomen,theAI’sbestperformancewasanaveragetranslationerrorrateof3percent.
MakinsaysthatusingasmallnumberofsentencesmadeiteasierfortheAItolearnwhichwordstendtofollowothers.
For example,theAIwasabletodecodethattheword“Turner”was alwayslikelytofollowtheword“Tina”inthissetofsentences,frombrainactivityalone.
Theteamtrieddecodingthebrainsignaldataintoindividualwordsatatime,ratherthanwholesentences,butthisincreasedtheerrorrateto38percentevenforthebestperformance.“Sothenetworkclearlyislearningfactsaboutwhichwordsgotogether,andnotjustwhichneuralactivitymapstowhichwords,”saysMakin.
Thiswillmakeithardto scaleupthesystemtoalargervocabularybecauseeachnewwordincreasesthenumberofpossiblesentences,reducingaccuracy.
Makinsays250wordscouldstillbeusefulforpeoplewhocan’ttalk.“Wewanttodeploythisinapatientwithanactualspeechdisability,”hesays,althoughitispossibletheirbrainactivitymaybedifferentfromthatofthewomeninthisstudy,makingthismoredifficult.
SophieScottatUniversityCollegeLondonsayswearealongwayfrombeingabletotranslatebrainsignaldatacomprehensively.“Youprobablyknowaround350,000words,soit’sstillanincrediblyrestrictedsetofspeechthatthey’reusing,”shesays.（481）
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一、外刊阅读：
完型填空
二、
Mind-readingAIturnsthoughtsintowordsusingabrainimplant
Anartificialintelligencecan accuratelytranslatethoughtsintosentences,atleastforalimitedvocabularyof250words.Thesystemmaybringusastepcloserto（41）______speechtopeoplewhohavelosttheabilitybecauseofparalysis.
JosephMakinattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,andhiscolleaguesuseddeeplearningalgorithmstostudythebrain（42）______offourwomenastheyspoke.Thewomen,whoallhave epilepsy,alreadyhadelectrodesattachedtotheirbrains to（43）______seizures.
Eachwomanwasaskedtoreadaloudfromasetofsentencesastheteammeasuredbrainactivity.Thelargestgroupofsentences（44）______250uniquewords.
Theteamfedthisbrainactivitytoaneuralnetworkalgorithm,trainingittoidentifyregularly（45）______patternsthatcouldbe linkedtorepeatedaspectsof speech,suchasvowelsorconsonants.Thesepatternswere thenfedtoasecondneuralnetwork,whichtriedtoturn themintowordsto（46）________asentence.
Eachwomanrepeatedthesentencesatleasttwice,andthefinalrepetitiondidn’tform partof thetrainingdata,（47）______ theresearcherstotestthesystem.
Eachtimeapersonspeaksthesamesentence,thebrainactivityassociatedwillbesimilarbutnotidentical.“Memorisingthebrainactivityofthesesentenceswouldn’thelp,sothenetworkinsteadhastolearnwhat’ssimilaraboutthemsothatitcangeneralisetothisfinalexample,”saysMakin.Acrossthefourwomen,theAI’sbest（48）______wasanaveragetranslationerrorrateof3percent.
MakinsaysthatusingasmallnumberofsentencesmadeiteasierfortheAItolearnwhichwordstendtofollowothers.
For example,theAIwasabletodecodethattheword“Turner”was alwayslikelytofollowtheword“Tina”inthissetofsentences,frombrain（49）______alone.
Theteamtrieddecodingthebrainsignaldatainto（50）______wordsatatime,ratherthanwholesentences,butthisincreasedtheerrorrateto38percentevenforthebestperformance.“Sothenetworkclearlyislearningfactsaboutwhichwordsgotogether,andnotjustwhichneuralactivity（51）______towhichwords,”saysMakin.
Thiswillmakeithardto（52）______thesystemtoalargervocabularybecauseeachnewwordincreasesthenumberofpossiblesentences,reducing（53）______.
Makinsays250wordscouldstillbeusefulforpeoplewhocan’ttalk.“Wewanttodeploythisinapatientwithanactualspeechdisability,”hesays,althoughitispossibletheirbrainactivitymaybedifferentfromthatofthewomeninthisstudy,makingthismore（54）______.
SophieScottatUniversityCollegeLondonsayswearealongwayfrombeingabletotranslatebrainsignaldatacomprehensively.“Youprobablyknowaround350,000words,soit’sstillanincredibly（55）______setofspeechthatthey’reusing,”shesays.（481）
41.A.inspecting
B.restoring
C.admiring
D.inspiring
42.A.emotion
B.attractiveness
C.awareness
D.signals
43.A.monitor
B.master
C.control
D.expect
44.A.concluded
B.excluded
C.contained
D.increased
45.A.extended
B.occurring
C.ignored
D.concerned
46.A.form
B.handle
C.hand
D.force
47.A.issuing
B.producing
C.allowing
D.acquiring
48.A.behavior
B.comment
C.preparation
D.performance
49.A.possibility
B.activity
C.capacity
D.responsibility
50.A.individual
B.financial
C.social
D.technical
51.A.serves
B.finishes
C.maps
D.competes
52.A.switchup
B.putup
C.riseup
D.scaleup
53.A.privacy
B.accuracy
C.currency
D.fluency
54.A.critical
B.specific
C.proper
D.difficult
55.A.committed
B.oppressed
C.restricted
D.dominated
二、参考答案
BDACBACDBACDBDC
三、原文链接
四、核心词汇
accurate
accuracies
accuracy
accurately
inaccuracies
inaccuracy
inaccurate
inaccurately
acquire
acquired
acquirer
acquirers
acquires
acquiring
unacquired
attract
attracted
attracting
attraction
attractions
attractive
attractively
attractiveness
attractor
attractors
attracts
unattractive
unattractively
aware
awareness
unaware
unawares
commit
commitment
commitments
commits
committal
committals
committed
committing
uncommitted
critic
critical
critically
critics
uncritical
uncritically
currency
currencies
dominate
dominated
dominates
dominating
domination
extend
extendable
extended
extender
extenders
extending
extends
unextended
general
generalisabilty
generalisable
generalisation
generalisations
generalise
generalised
generalises
generalising
generalist
generalists
generalities
generality
generalizabilty
generalizable
generalization
generalizations
generalize
generalized
generalizes
generalizing
generally
ignore
ignored
ignores
ignoring
inspect
insp
inspected
inspecting
inspection
inspections
inspector
inspectors
inspects
inspire
inspiration
inspirational
inspirations
inspired
inspires
inspiring
uninspired
uninspiring
memory
memorial
memorials
memories
memorisation
memorisations
memorise
memorised
memorises
memorising
memorization
memorizations
memorize
memorized
memorizes
memorizing
occur
occurred
occurrence
occurrences
occurring
occurs
reoccur
reoccurred
reoccurring
reoccurs
oppress
oppressed
oppresses
oppressing
oppression
oppressions
oppressive
oppressively
oppressiveness
oppressor
oppressors
restore
restoration
restorations
restorative
restored
restorer
restorers
restores
restoring
unrestored
restrict
restricted
restricting
restriction
restrictions
restrictive
restrictively
restricts
unrestricted
unrestrictive
scale
scalable
scaled
scales
scaling
scalings
signal
signaling
signalled
signalling
signally
signals
五、原文翻译
Mind-readingAIturnsthoughtsintowordsusingabrainimplant
读心术人工智能通过植入大脑将思想转化为语言
Anartificialintelligencecan accuratelytranslatethoughtsintosentences,atleastforalimitedvocabularyof250words.Thesystemmaybringusastepclosertorestoringspeechtopeoplewhohavelosttheabilitybecauseofparalysis.
人工智能能够准确地将思想翻译成句子，至少在250个单词的有限词汇范围内。
这个系统可能会使我们更接近于恢复那些因瘫痪而丧失语言能力的人的语言能力。
JosephMakinattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,andhiscolleaguesuseddeeplearningalgorithmstostudythebrainsignalsoffourwomenastheyspoke.Thewomen,whoallhave epilepsy,already
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