Linux服务DNS.docx
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Linux服务DNS
RedHatCertifiedEngineer教案
第7课
一、安排
整个课程一共12天,每天9:
00~17:
00
二、结构
ØDNS作用、解析过程
Ø主DNS
Ø辅DNS
Ø委派
Ø视图
Ø动态DNS更新(DDNS)
三、教案
a)DNS作用、解析过程
解析域名<->IP
DNS共分成四级:
根、顶级域、二级域、主机
主机的完全合格域名(FQDN):
.
DNS查询方式:
递归
客户端发送查询请求到本地dns服务器,本地dns服务器给出肯定或否定性答复
迭代
客户端发送查询请求到本地dns服务器,本地dns服务器并不给出肯定或否定性答复,而是指引客户端查询根服务器,根服务器指引查询顶级域服务器,顶级域服务器指引查询二级域服务器,二级域服务器给出肯定或否定性答复
b)主DNS
安装
#yum-yinstallbind
chkconfignamedon//开机自动启动DNS服务
#mount192.168.0.254:
/var/ftp/pub/mnt
#cp/mnt/namedfiles/named.conf/etc/
#cp/mnt/namedfiles/domainX.zone/var/named/.zone
#cp/mnt/namedfiles/192.168.0.X.zone/var/named/192.168.0.50.zone
#vim/etc/named.conf
options{
directory"/var/named";//DNS解析文件位置
query-sourceport53;//监听端口
query-source-v6port53;i
forwardonly|firse;//指定转发方式:
递归|迭代
forwarders{192.168.0.254;};//转发到上游服务器
//allow-query{any;};//允许任意网段迭代查询
//allow-recursion{any;};//允许任意网段递归查询
};
acl"myservers"{192.168.0.51;};//访问控制列表
zone"."{
typehint;//根区域
file"named.ca";//区域文件名
};
zone""{
typemaster;//主区域
file".zone";//区域文件名
allow-update{none;};//不允许自动更新
allow-transfer{myservers;};//不允许区域传输
};
zone"50.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa"{
typemaster;
file"192.168.0.50.zone";
allow-update{none;};
allow-transfer{myservers;};
};
#cp/usr/share/doc/bind-9.3.3/sample/var/named/named.root/var/named/named.ca
#vim/var/named/.zone
$TTL86400;记录在缓存中的生存时间
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号<=2^32
1h;更新间隔>2*重试间隔
5m;重试间隔+更新间隔<最长重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔>=重试间隔*10&>=7Day
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
@INA192.168.0.50
@INMX5.
station50INA192.168.0.50
wwwINCNAME.
#vim/var/named/192.168.0.50.zone
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
50.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.INPTR.
#named-checkconf//检查/etc/named.conf语法
#named-checkzone/var/named/.zone
#named-checkzone50.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa/var/named/192.168.0.50.zone
#servicenamedstart
#chkconfignamedon
#vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
PEERDNS=no//不自动更新dns信息
内置访问控制列表项说明
any
匹配任意网络
none
不匹配任意网络
localhost
当前主机上任意地址
localnet
当前主机直连网段
#vim/etc/resolv.conf
nameserver192.168.0.50
search
测试
nslookup
nslookup命令不读取/etc/nsswitch.conf,默认读取/etc/resolv.conf中的nameserver和search参数。
输出比较简单。
#nslookup
#nslookup
>settype=mx//查询邮件交换记录
>
dig
dig命令不读取/etc/nsswitch.conf,默认读取/etc/resolv.conf中的nameserver参数。
输出比较详细。
#dig
#dig@192.168.0.50//指定查询服务器
#dig@192.168.0.50-tmx//查询邮件交换记录
#dig@192.168.0.50-x192.168.0.50//查询反向记录
#dig+trace//强制迭代查询
c)辅DNS
解决主dns宕机,客户端无法进行查询问题
安装主DNS服务器
#yum-yerasebind
#yum-yerasebindbind-chrootcaching-nameserver//bind-chroot安全增强包,caching-nameserver缓存dns
#cd/var/named/chroot
#mv/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf/etc/named.conf
#vim/etc/named.conf
options{
listen-onport53{any;};
allow-query{any;};
directory"/var/named";
forwardonly;
forwarders{192.168.0.254;};
};
viewlocalhost_resolver{
match-clients{any;};//允许查询客户端
match-destinations{any;};//允许查询目标
recursionyes;//允许递归
include"/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";//加载区域数据文件
};
#vim/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
acl"myservers"{192.168.0.51;};
zone""{
typemaster;//主区域
file".zone";//区域文件名
allow-update{none;};//不允许自动更新
allow-transfer{myservers;};//允许区域传输到指定服务器
};
zone"0.168.192.in-addr.arpa"{
typemaster;
file"192.168.0.zone";
allow-update{none;};
allow-transfer{myservers;};
};
#vim/var/named/.zone
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
@INNS.
@INA192.168.0.50
@INA192.168.0.51
@INMX5.
station50INA192.168.0.50
station51INA192.168.0.51
wwwINCNAME.
#vimvar/named/192.168.0.zone
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
@INNS.
50INPTR.
51INPTR.
#cat/etc/sysconfig/named
ROOTDIR=/var/named/chroot/
#rm-f/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf
#ln-s/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf/etc/named.conf
#ln-s/var/named/chroot/var/named/.zone
/var/named/.zone
#ln-s/var/named/chroot/var/named/192.168.0.zone/var/named/192.168.0.zone
#chgrpnamed/var/named/chroot/var/named/*
#named-checkconf//检查/etc/named.conf语法
#named-checkzone/var/named/.zone
#named-checkzone50.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa/var/named/192.168.0.50.zone
#servicenamedstart
安装辅助DNS服务器
#yum-yinstallbindbind-chrootcaching-nameserver
#cd/var/named/chroot
#mvetc/named.caching-nameserver.confetc/named.conf
#vimetc/named.conf
options{
listen-onport53{any;};
allow-query{any;};
directory"/var/named";
forwardonly;
forwarders{192.168.0.254;};
};
viewlocalhost_resolver{
match-clients{any;};//允许查询客户端
match-destinations{any;};//允许查询目标
recursionyes;//允许递归
include"/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";//加载区域数据文件
};
#vimetc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone""{
typeslave;//辅助区域
file"slaves/.zone";//区域文件名
masters{192.168.0.50;};
};
zone"0.168.192.in-addr.arpa"{
typeslave;//辅助区域
file"slaves/.zone";//区域文件名
masters{192.168.0.50;};
};
#rm-f/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf
#ln-s/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf/etc/named.conf
#servicenamedstart
#chkconfignamedon
#tail-f/var/log/messages
d)委派
当域很大时,可以指定服务器为某个子域的dns服务器,解析某个子域的域名信息
配置委派(主dns)
#cd/var/named/chroot/
#vimvar/named/
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
@INA192.168.0.50
@INMX5.
station50INA192.168.0.50
wwwINCNAME.
.INNS.
.INA192.168.0.51
配置委派(委派dns)
#cd/var/named/chroot
#vimetc/named.conf
zone""{
typemaster;
file"hr.zone";
allow-update{none;};
allow-transfer{none;};
};
#cpvar/named/localhost.zonevar/named/hr.zone
#vimvar/named/hr.zone
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
@INA192.168.0.51
@INMX5.
station51INA192.168.0.51
wwwINCNAME.
e)视图
利用视图可实现客户端查询分类
配置
#yum-yerasebindbind-chrootcaching-nameserver
#rm-rf/var/named/
#rm-f/etc/named.conf/etc/named.rcf1912.zones
#yum-yinstallbind
#vim/etc/named.conf
options{
directory"/var/named/";
forwardonly;
forwarders{192.168.0.254;};
};
acl"dianxin"{192.168.0.0/24;};
acl"wangtong"{192.168.1.0/24;};
view"dianxin"{
match-clients{dianxin;};
include"/etc/dianxin.zones";
};
view"wangtong"{
match-clients{wangtong;};
include"/etc/wangtong.zones";
};
#vim/etc/dianxin.zones
zone""{
typemaster;
file"redhat.dianxin.zone";
};
#vim/etc/wangtong.zones
zone""{
typemaster;
file"redhat.wangtong.zone";
};
#vim/var/named/redhat.dianxin.zone
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重试间隔
1w;最长重试间隔
5m);错误缓存时间
@INNS.
@INA192.168.0.51
station51INA192.168.0.51
wwwINA192.168.0.200
#vim/var/named/redhat.wangtong.zone
$TTL86400
@INSOA..(
2010051301;序列号
1h;更新间隔
5m;重