Unit 2 King Lear 重点词语学习.docx
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Unit2KingLear重点词语学习
Unit2KingLear
重点词语学习
respectful
adj.showingorfeelingrespect:
Theonlookersstoodatarespectfuldistance.Wewerebroughtuptoberespectfulofauthority.
shorten
verb~(sthtosth)tomakesthshorter;tobecomeshorter:
[vn]Injuryproblemscouldshortenhiscareer.ashortenedversionofthegameHername’sKatherine,generallyshortenedtoKay.[v]InNovemberthetemperaturesdropandthedaysshorten.
modernize(BrEalso-ise)
verb
1.[vn]tomakeasystem,methods,etc.moremodernandmoresuitableforuseatthepresenttimeupdate:
Thecompanyisinvesting$9milliontomodernizeitsfactories.2.[v]tostartusingmodernequipment,ideas,etc.:
Unfortunatelywelacktheresourcestomodernize.
burden
noun
1.the~(ofsth)|a~(on/tosb)aduty,responsibility,etc.thatcausesworry,difficultyorhardwork:
tobear/carry/ease/reduce/sharetheburdenThemainburdenofcaringforoldpeoplefallsonthestate.theheavytaxburdenonworkingpeopleIdon’twanttobecomeaburdentomychildrenwhenI’mold.
2.(formal)aheavyloadthatisdifficulttocarrybeastofburden
verb[vn]
1.~sb/yourself(withsth)togivesbaduty,responsibility,etc.thatcausesworry,difficultyorhardwork:
Theyhaveburdenedthemselveswithahighmortgage.Idon’twanttoburdenyouwithmyworries.tobeburdenedbyhightaxation
2.beburdenedwithsthtobecarryingsthheavy:
Shegotoffthebus,burdenedwithtwoheavysuitcases.
responsibility
noun(pl.-ies)
1.[U,C]~(forsth/fordoingsth)|~(todosth)adutytodealwithortakecareofsb/sth,sothatyoumaybeblamedifsthgoeswrong:
WearerecruitingasalesmanagerwithresponsibilityfortheEuropeanmarket.Theyhaveresponsibilityforensuringthattherulesareenforced.Itistheirresponsibilitytoensurethattherulesareenforced.totake/assumeoverallresponsibilityforpersonnelparentalrightsandresponsibilitiesIdon’tfeelreadytotakeonnewresponsibilities.tobeinapositionofresponsibilityIdiditonmyownresponsibility(=withoutbeingtoldtoandbeingwillingtotaketheblameifithadgonewrong).Theresponsibilityfordoingthisrestswiththedepartmentmanagers.2.[U]~(forsth)blameforsthbadthathashappened:
Thebankrefusestoacceptresponsibilityforthemistake.Nobodyhasclaimedresponsibilityforthebombing.Wemustallbearsomeresponsibilityforwhathappened.3.[U,C]~(to/towardssb)|~(todosth)adutytohelportakecareofsbbecauseofyourjob,position,etc.:
Shefeelsastrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardsheremployees.Ithinkwehaveamoralresponsibilitytohelpthesecountries.
allocate
verb~sth(forsth)|~sth(tosb/sth)|~(sb/sth)sthtogivesthofficiallytosb/sthforaparticularpurpose:
[vn]Theyintendtoallocatemoreplacestomaturestudentsthisyear.Alargesumhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.[vn,vnn]Moreresourcesarebeingallocatedtotheproject.Theprojectisbeingallocatedmoreresources.
adore
verb(notusedintheprogressivetenses)
1.[vn]tolovesbverymuch:
It’sobviousthatsheadoreshim.2.(informal)tolikesthverymuch:
[vn]Isimplyadorehismusic!
Don’tyoujustadorethatdress!
[v-ing]Sheadoresworkingwithchildren.
pray
verb
1.~(tosb)(forsb/sth)tospeaktoGod,especiallytogivethanksoraskforhelp:
[v]Theykneltdownandprayed.I’llprayforyou.toprayforpeaceSheprayedtoGodforanendtohersufferings.[v(that)]Weprayed(that)shewouldrecoverfromherillness.[vtoinf]Heprayedtobeforgiven.[alsovspeech]
2.~(forsth)tohopeverymuchthatsthwillhappen:
[v]We’reprayingforgoodweatheronSaturday.[vthat]Iprayedthatnobodywouldnoticemymistake.
adv.(olduseorironic)usedtomean‘please’whenyouareaskingaquestionortellingsbtodosth:
What,pray,isthemeaningofthis?
Praycontinue.
distribute
verb[vn]
1.~sth(to/amongsb/sth)togivethingstoalargenumberofpeople;tosharesthbetweenanumberofpeople:
Theorganizationdistributedfoodtotheearthquakevictims.Thenewspaperisdistributedfree.Themoneywasdistributedamongschoolsinthearea.2.tosendgoodstoshops/storesandbusinessessothattheycanbesold:
WhodistributesourproductsintheUK?
3.[oftenpassive]tospreadsth,ordifferentpartsofsth,overanarea:
Makesurethatyourweightisevenlydistributed.CasesofthediseasearewidelydistributedthroughEurope.
contradict
verb
1.tosaythatsththatsbelsehassaidiswrong,andthattheoppositeistrue:
[vn]Alleveningherhusbandcontradictedeverythingshesaid.You’vejustcontradictedyourself(=saidtheoppositeofwhatyousaidbefore).[alsovspeech,vnspeech]
2.[vn](ofstatementsorpiecesofevidence)tobesodifferentfromeachotherthatoneofthemmustbewrong:
Thetwostoriescontradicteachother.Thisversionofeventswascontradictedbyeye-witnessreports.
flattery
noun
[U]praisethatisnotsincere,especiallyinordertoobtainsthfromsb:
You’retoointelligenttofallforhisflattery.
flatterywillgetyoueverywhere/nowhere(informal,humorous)praisethatisnotsincerewill/willnotgetyouwhatyouwant
forecast
noun
astatementaboutwhatwillhappeninthefuture,basedoninformationthatisavailablenow:
salesforecastsItisdifficulttomakelong-termforecastsforafast-growingindustry.Theforecastsaidtherewouldbesunnyintervalsandshowers.Theshippingforecastgavewarningsofgales.weatherforecast
verb
(forecast,forecast)or(forecasted,forecasted)tosaywhatyouthinkwillhappeninthefuturebasedoninformationthatyouhavenow;predict:
[vn]Expertsareforecastingarecoveryintheeconomy.Snowisforecastfortomorrow.Temperatureswereforecasttoreach40°C.Itisdifficulttoforecastthedemandforthenewtrainservice.[vthat]Thereportforecaststhatpriceswillriseby3%nextmonth.[alsovwh-]
oppose
verb
1.todisagreestronglywithsb’splan,policy,etc.andtrytochangeitorpreventitfromsucceeding:
[vn]Thispartywouldbitterlyopposethere-introductionofthedeathpenalty.Hethrewallthosethatopposedhimintoprison.[v-ing]Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.[alsovn-ing]2.[vn]tocompetewithsbinacontest:
Heintendstoopposetheprimeministerintheleadershipelection.
fond
adj.(fonder,fondest)
1.~ofsbfeelingaffectionforsb,especiallysbyouhaveknownforalongtime:
Overtheyears,Ihavegrownquitefondofher.I’vealwaysbeenveryfondofyourmother.2.~of(doing)sthfindingsthpleasantorenjoyable,especiallysthyouhavelikedorenjoyedforalongtime:
fondofmusic/cookingWehadgrownfondofthehouseanddidn’twanttoleave.3.~of(doing)sthlikingtodosthwhichotherpeoplefindannoyingorunpleasant,anddoingitoften:
Sheila’sveryfondoftellingotherpeoplewhattodo.He’srathertoofondofthesoundofhisownvoice(=hetalkstoomuch).4.[onlybeforenoun]kindandloving:
afondlook/embrace/farewellIhaveveryfondmemoriesofmytimeinSpain(=Irememberitwithaffectionandpleasure).
5.[onlybeforenoun]~hopeahopeaboutsththatisnotlikelytohappen:
Iwaitedalldayinthefondhopethatshewouldchangehermind.
fondness
noun[U,sing.]~(forsb/sth):
Hewillberememberedbythestaffwithgreatfondness.afondnessforanimalsItwasherfather’sfondnessfordrinkthatbroughtaboutthebreak-upofherparents'marriage.
corrupt
adj.
1.(ofpeople)willingtousetheirpowertododishonestorillegalthingsinreturnformoneyortogetanadvantage:
acorruptregimecorruptofficialsacceptingbribes2.(ofbehaviour)dishonestorimmoral:
corruptpracticesThewholesystemisinefficientandcorrupt.3.(computing)containingchangesorfaults,andnolongerintheoriginalstate:
corruptsoftwareThetextonthediskseemstobecorrupt.
verb
1.[vn]tohaveabadeffectonsbandmakethembehaveinanimmoralordishonestway:
Hewascorruptedbypowerandambition.thecorruptingeffectsofgreatwealth2.[vn][oftenpassive]tochangetheoriginalformofsth,sothatitisdamagedorspoiledinsomeway:
acorruptedformofBuddhism3.(computing)tocausemistakestoappearinacomputerfile,etc.withtheresultthattheinformationinitisnolongercorrect:
[vn]Theprogramhassomehowcorruptedthesystemfiles.corrupteddata[v]Thediskwillcorruptifitisoverloaded.
greedy
adj.(greedier,greediest)~(forsth)wantingmoremoney,power,food,etc.thanyoureallyneed:
Yougreedypig!
You’vealreadyhadtwohelpings!
Theshareholdersaregreedyforprofit.Hestaredatthediamondswithgreedyeyes.
storage
noun[U]
1.theprocessofkeepingsthinaparticularplaceuntilitisneeded;thespacewherethingscanbekept:
tablesthatfoldflatforstorageThere’salotofstoragespaceintheloft.foodstoragefacilitiesWeneedmorestoragenow.coldstorage2.(computing)theprocessofkeepinginformation,etc.onacomputer;thewayitiskept:
thestorageandretrievalofinformationdatastorage3.theprocessofpayingtokeepfurniture,etc.inaspecialbuildinguntilyouwantit:
Whenwemovedwehadtoputourfurnitureinstorageforawhile.
sacrifice
noun
1.[C,U]thefactofgivingupsthimportantorvaluabletoyouinordertogetordosththatseemsmoreimportant;sththatyougiveupinthisway:
Themakersoftheproductassuredusthattherehadbeennosacrificeofquality.Herparentsmadesacrificessothatshecouldhaveagoodeducation.tomakethefinal/supremesacrifice(=todieforyourcountry,tosaveafriend,etc.)2.~(tosb)[C,U]theactofoffering