英语新闻标题特点.docx
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英语新闻标题特点
Documentserialnumber【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】
英语新闻标题特点
第二讲英语新闻标题特点
一、标题的结构
主题(headline)+辅题(sub-headline/subhead)
1.主题:
揭示新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心问题。
2.辅题:
1)引题:
眉题、肩题:
突出说明新闻事件的背景、原因、结果、新闻来源等内容。
置于主题上方
2)副题:
子题、次题:
对主题进行补充、解释和印证。
置于主题下方
例1:
DraftLawBusinessgroupssaymovetobandiscriminationonbasisofrace,genderanddisabilityisbureaucraticthreattofreeenterprise
SouthAfricaNationalAssemblybacks“equalitybill”
2000FinancialTimes)
例2:
Spentfuelshipments
GermanytoliftbanontransportofN-waste
2000FinancialTimes)
例3:
July13,2011ChinaDaily
CNOOC’snewoilspillinBohaiBay
ControlsystemfailureatoilfieldblamedforthirdleaksinceJune
例4:
March6-7,2010ChinaDaily
Pledgetonarrowgapwelcomed
Addressingsocialdividetakesgovtpriority
二、标题的类型
1.陈述式
例:
1)GirlsDieinBlaze
2)TaiwanRecognizesMainlandCurrency
2.设问式
例:
1)OilPricetoRise
2)KoreaUnityinFiveYears
3)MurderonCampus:
CanItBeAverted
3.引语式
例:
1)“WeHavetoSaveOurPeople”
2)UNChief:
TalksHere“Positive”
三、标题的语言特点
1.简练(Briefness)
例:
1)Starstruck(Time)
2)BattleforBrains(FinancialTimes)
2.直白(plainness)
例:
1)TaiwanRecognizesMainlandCurrency(SouthChinaMorningPost)
2)GirlsDieinBlaze
3.缩略词(abbreviation)
例:
1)EU’SFuture:
TheVisionandtheSlog
2)UniversityEntryHardforWould-beVets
3)PuttheSciBackinSci-fi
4)Euroland
5)Euromat
4.省略(omission)(省去虚词,如冠词和动词tobe,介词、连词、助动词和代词、有时实义词、主句)
例:
1)WomanKillsHusband,Self
=(A)WomanKills(Her)Husband(and)(Her)Self
2)NoSurvivorsinGulfAirCrash
=(ThereAre)NoSurvivorsin(the)GulfAirCrash
3)HaveDollars,WillSell
=(IfYou)HaveDollars,(They)WillSell
4).ATTACKED
HijackedJetsDestroyedTwinTowersandHitPentagoninDayofTerror
=.(WAS)ATTACKED
5)China‘biggestvictim’ofcyberattacks
=China(is)(the)‘biggestvictim’ofcyberattacks
6)Mao:
WeShouldSupportThirdWorldCountries
=Mao(Says)(That)WeShouldSupport(the)ThirdWorldCountries
5.名词短语(nounphrase)
例:
1)ShotgunDeathRiddleDrama
2)ZooEscapeDrama
3)GlobalProbeofBombSuspect
6.时态及语态(tense&voice)
1)常用现在时
例:
①13DieasCrowdedVanCrossesM4
②LongevityStarDiesat110
2)动词不定式表将来时
例:
①PekingtoFireTestRockettoSouthPacific
②Japantohelpelderlyjobless
3)被动语态
--突出强调事件或动作的接受者
比较:
①500ReportedKilledinS.KoreanBuildingCollapse
②CollapseClaims500LivesinS.Korea
例:
①Girlof18RapedafterThreatwithBreadKnife
②FatherJailedforMurderofDaughter
=FatherIsJailedfortheMurderofHisDaughter
7.标题常用小词
美国语言学家.门肯指出:
“大量使用短词”是标题语言的“突出特点”(distinguishingmark).
如:
①QuakeDeathTollMayTop2000
=TheDeathTollintheEarthquakeMayExceed2000
②NewGroupsBoostHi-TechResearch
=NewGroupsPromoteHighTechnologyResearch
③Baker,JapanVisitOff,ArmsIssueHot
=Baker’sJapanVisitisoffandtheMilitaryWeaponsIssueisHot
Morewordslike:
commonwords
journalisticwords
damage
hit,harm,hurt,ruin,wreck,mar
abandon
drop,giveup,quit,skip,yield
explode
blast,crash,ram,smash
investigate
probe
choose
opt
expel
oust
promise
pledge
assistant
aid
purpose
aim
amassassembly
rally
negotiation
talk
agreement/transaction
deal
ambassador
envoy
mystery
riddle
unemployed
jobless
如:
Headlineword
Commonheadlinemeaning
example
air
tomakeknown,broadcast
TVAirs“Facts”onArmsDelivery
back
tosupport
UnionsBackPeaceMove
ban
prohibition
BusBanonPupilsafterAttackonCrew
boost
help,incentive
IndustryGetsBoost
curb
restraint,limit
NewCurbsonImmigration
end
finish
EuropeHoldsTalkstoEndTensioninYugoslavia
hit
strike;attack
TerroristsDestroyWorldTradeCenter,HitPentagoninRaidWithHijackedJets
claim
causethedeathto
Terrorbombingclaimsatleast189inBali
ease
relieve;reduce
USstrivestoeasestagflation
四、标题的修辞特点
“Journalismisliteratureinahurry.”—英国着名诗人马修·阿诺德
1.仿拟(parody)
例:
1)Emergencyresponse:
Ataleoftwodisasters
2)Candidateinthewind
HowawaveringHillaryRodhamClintonfinallydecidedtodeclare
3)ToSaveorNottoSave
2.头韵(alliteration)
例:
1)SoldiersSalarySoars
2)SouthAfrica:
GropingforGrowth
3.尾韵(endrhyme)
例:
1)HopeoftheWeakandtheMeek
2)CanDefensePainBeTurnedtoGain
4.谐音
例:
Thatcher’sStyleWars(=starwars的谐音,为讽刺性俏皮话)
5.双关(pun)
例:
1)NoBill,NoBell.
2)RoyalBalletKeepsFansonTheirToes
6.比喻(metaphor)
例:
1)Senior,agoldmineofwisdom
2)AHouseinTwoParts
Notes:
HughMacLennan’snovelTwoSolitudeswrittenin1945.TwoSolitudesexaminesthetensionsfeltbetweenFrenchandEnglishspeakingCanadiansafterWWI.Thenovel’splotevolvesaroundthelifeandtimesofthefictionalcharacterPaulTallardandthischaracter'sstrugglesinreconcilingthedifferencesbetweenhisEnglishandFrenchCanadianidentities.
7.借代(metonymy)
例:
1)IsraelTestsWashington’sTolerance
2)WhiteHouse
3)Whitehall
4)Elysee
5)Evan
6)JohnBull
8.委婉语(euphemism)
例:
BringingLighttotheNeedy
hairdresser:
beautician
gardener:
landscaper
9.矛盾修辞法(oxymoron)
例:
Asian-AmericanSuccessRealButBitter-sweet
10.对偶(antithesis)
例:
NewBlood,AncientWounds.
11.拟人(personification)
例:
1)CourageKnowsNoGender
2)SilentWalkSpeaksofHopeforPeace
五、标题的文化知识
例:
1)He’sSmart
He’sNotNice
He’sSaving
BigBlue
LouGerstnerisn’teasytolove,butyouhavetorespecthim.He’sdonethejobnoonewantedbetterthananyoneexpected.ButwillhefinishitandrestoregrowthandgloryatIBM
1997年4月14日出版的美国《财富》杂志上刊登了卢·格斯特纳的巨幅照片,旁边有这样一个标题:
TheHolyTerrorWho’sSavingIBM(正在拯救IBM的家伙)副标题为LouGerstner:
Willhefinishthejob(卢·格斯特纳能完成使命吗)
2)DoingBusinessTheDot-ComWay
《财富》杂志2000年3月的封面文章是一篇介绍网络公司职业道德的文章,封面上用了这句话。
六、标题的重要性
1、重要性:
--《中国青年报》的调查数据显示:
受访者中%的人平时看新闻只看标题不看正文;%的人会在看完标题后快速浏览正文;只有%的人会详细阅读正文。
2、“题好一半文”:
好的标题必须与新闻内容的本质一致→新、趣、活→“以奇句夺目,使之一见而惊,不敢弃去”
3、标题制作原则
①最大亮点原则:
或是核心观点,或是核心信息,或是其他能吸引人的亮点
②冲突性原则:
展现文中的冲突性
③文题互补原则:
平淡内容+花哨标题;尖锐内容+平淡标题
④14字原则
4、避免“标题党”(ForumSpammer)