ISBP《国际标准银行实务》中文.docx
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ISBP《国际标准银行实务》中文
InternationalStandardBankingPractice
Foreword
ThepublicationInternationalStandardBankingPracticefortheExaminationofDocumentsunderDocumentaryLettersofCreditistheproductof2.5yearsofworkbyataskforceoftheICCBankingmission.ItwasapprovedbythefullmissionatitsmeetinginRomeinOctober2002,atwhichtime,themissionvotedtomakeitanofficialdocumentoftheICC.
TheISBP,asitismoremonlycalled,isapracticalplementtoUCP500,ICC'suniversallyusedrulesondocumentarycredits.AlthoughitdoesnotamendtheUCP,itexplains,inexplicitdetail,howtherulesaretobeappliedonaday-to-daybasis.Assuch,itfillsaneededgapbetweenthegeneralprinciplesannouncedintherulesandthedailyworkofthedocumentarycreditpractitioner.
ThetaskforcethatdevelopedtheISBPwasmeticulousinseekingtodocumentinternationalpracticeinthefield.ItstartedbyaskingICCnationalmitteesandmemberstosendchecklistsonhowdocumentswereexaminedintheirbanks.Some39nationalmitteesandasubstantialnumberofindividualbanksresponded.Cullingthesementsrequired14taskforcemeetingsandfourdifferentdraftsbeforetheISBPwasfinallyinashapetobeapproved.
Thetaskforcedeservesconsiderablecreditforhavingproceededsocarefully.TheobjectoftheexercisewastodocumentinternationalstandardbankingpracticefortheexaminationofdocumentsundertheUCP;itwasnottoreportonindividualcountrypracticesthatmaydifferinsomewayfromthenorm.TheUCPwascreatedtobringuniformitytoafieldinwhichindividualpracticesoftendiffered,tothedetrimentofdocumentarypractitionersinallcountries.ByusingtheISBP,documentcheckerscanbringtheirpracticesinlinewiththosefollowedbytheircolleaguesworldwide.Theresultshouldbeasignificantreductioninthenumberofdocumentsrefusedfordiscrepanciesonfirstpresentation.
MariaLivanosCattaui
SecretaryGeneral
InternationalChamberofmerce
Paris,France
December2002
Introduction
AtitsMay2000meetingthemissiononBankingTechniqueandPracticeoftheInternationalChamberofmerce(ICCBankingmission)establishedataskforcetodocumentinternationalstandardbankingpracticefortheexaminationofdocumentspresentedunderdocumentarycreditsissuedsubjecttotheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,theInternationalChamberofmerce'sPublicationNo.500(UCP).
TheinternationalstandardbankingpracticesdocumentedinthispublicationareconsistentwiththeUCPandtheOpinionsandDecisionsoftheICCBankingmission.ThisdocumentdoesnotamendUCP.ItexplainshowthepracticesarticulatedintheUCParetobeappliedbydocumentarypractitioners.Itis,ofcourse,recognizedthatthelawinsomecountriesmaypeladifferentpracticethanthatstatedhere.NosinglepublicationcananticipateallthetermsorthedocumentsthatmaybeusedinconnectionwithdocumentarycreditsortheirinterpretationundertheUCPandthestandardpracticeitreflects.However,thetaskforcepreparingthispublicationhasendeavouredtocovertermsmonlyseenonaday-to-daybasisandthedocumentsmostoftenpresentedunderdocumentarycredits.
ItshouldbenotedthatanyterminadocumentarycreditwhichmodifiesoraffectstheapplicabilityofaprovisionoftheUCPmayalsohaveanimpactoninternationalstandardbankingpractice.Therefore,inconsideringthepracticesdescribedinthispublication,partiesmusttakeintoaccountanyterminadocumentarycreditthatexpresslyexcludesormodifiesaprovisioninanarticleoftheUCP.Thisprincipleisimplicitthroughoutthispublication,whetherornotstated,butitissometimesexpresslyrepeatedforpurposesofemphasisorforillustration.Whereexamplesaregiven,thesearesolelyforthepurposeofillustrationandarenotexhaustive.Thispublicationreflectsinternationalstandardbankingpracticeforallpartiestoadocumentarycredit.Sinceapplicants'obligations,rights,andremediesdependupontheirundertakingwiththeissuingbank,theperformanceoftheunderlyingtransaction,andthetimelinessofanyobjectionunderapplicablelawandpractice,applicantsshouldnotassumethattheymayrelyontheseprovisionsinordertoexcusetheirobligationstoreimbursetheissuingbank.Theincorporationofthispublicationintothetermsofadocumentarycreditshouldbediscouraged,astherequirementtofollowagreedpracticesisimplicitintheUCP.BecausethispublicationreflectscurrentdocumentarycreditpracticeasprovidedbyICCnationalmitteesandindividualICCmembers,itwillbeofconsiderableuseintheformulationofanyfuturerevisionoftheUCP.
PRELIMINARYCONSIDERATIONS
Theapplicationandissuanceofthecredit
1)Thetermsofacreditareindependentoftheunderlyingtransactionevenifacreditexpresslyreferstothattransaction.Toavoidunnecessarycosts,delays,anddisputesintheexaminationofdocuments,however,theapplicantandbeneficiaryshouldcarefullyconsiderwhichdocumentsshouldberequired,bywhomtheyshouldbeproduced,andthetimeframeforpresentation.
2)Theapplicantbearstheriskofanyambiguityinitsinstructionstoissueoramendacredit.Unlessexpresslystatedotherwise,arequesttoissueoramendacreditauthorizesanissuertosupplementordevelopthetermsinamannernecessaryordesirabletopermittheuseofthecredit.
3)TheapplicantshouldbeawarethattheUCPcontainsArticlessuchasArticles13,20,21,23,24,26,27,28,39,40,46and47thatdefinetermsinamannerthatmayproduceunexpectedresultsunlesstheapplicantfullyacquaintsitselfwiththeseprovisions.Forexample,acreditrequiringpresentationofamarinebillofladingandcontainingaprohibitionagainsttranshipmentwill,inmostcases,havetoexcludeUCPsub-Article23(d)tomaketheprohibitionagainsttranshipmenteffective.
4)Acreditshouldnotrequirepresentationofdocumentsthataretobeissuedand/orcountersignedbytheapplicant.Ifacreditisissuedincludingsuchterms,thebeneficiarymusteitherseekamendmentorplywiththemandbeartheriskoffailuretodoso.
5)Manyoftheproblemsthatariseattheexaminationstagecouldbeavoidedorresolvedbycarefulattentiontodetailintheunderlyingtransaction,thecreditapplication,andissuanceofthecreditasdiscussed.
GENERALPRINCIPLES
Abbreviations
6)Theuseofgenerallyacceptedabbreviations,forexample"Ltd."insteadof"Limited","Int'l"insteadof"International","Co."insteadof"pany","kgs"or"kos."insteadof"kilos","Ind"insteadof"Industry","mfr"insteadof"manufacturer"or"mt"insteadof"metrictons"-orviceversa-doesnotmakeadocumentdiscrepant.
7)Virgules(slashmarks"/")mayhavedifferentmeanings,andunlessapparentinthecontextused,shouldnotbeusedasasubstituteforaword.
Certificationsanddeclarations
8)Acertification,declarationorthelikemayeitherbeaseparatedocumentorcontainedwithinanotherdocumentasrequiredbythecredit.Ifthecertificationordeclarationappearsinanotherdocumentwhichissignedanddated,anycertificationordeclarationappearingonthatdocumentdoesnotrequireaseparatesignatureordateifthecertificationordeclarationappearstohavebeengivenbythesameentitythatissuedandsignedthedocument.
Correctionsandalterations
9)Correctionsandalterationsofinformationordataindocuments,otherthandocumentscreatedbythebeneficiary,mustappeartobeauthenticatedbythepartywhoissuedthedocumentorbyapartyauthorizedbytheissuertodoso.Correctionsandalterationsindocumentswhichhavebeenlegalized,visaed,orthelike,mustappeartobeauthenticatedbythepartywholegalized,visaed,etc.,thedocument.Theauthenticationmustshowbywhomtheauthenticationhasbeenmadeandincludethatparty'ssignatureorinitials.Iftheauthenticationappearstohavebeenmadebyapartyotherthantheissuerofthedocument,theauthenticationmustclearlyshowinwhichcapacitythatpartyhasauthenticatedthecorrectionoralteration.
10)Correctionsandalterationsindocumentsissuedbythebeneficiaryitself,exceptdrafts,whichhavenotbeenlegalized,visaedorthelike,neednotbeauthenticated.Seealso"Draftsandcalculationofmaturitydate".
11)Theuseofmultipletypestylesorfontsizesorhandwritinginthesamedocumentdoesnot,byitself,signifyacorrectionoralteration.
12)Whereadocumentcontainsmorethanonecorrectionoralteration,eithereachcorrectionmustbeauthenticatedseparatelyoroneauthenticationmustbelinkedtoallcorrectionsinanappropriateway.Forexample,ifthedocumentshowsthreecorrectionsnumbered1,2and3,onestatementsuchas"Correctionnumbers1,2and3aboveauthorizedbyXXX"orsimilar,willsatisfytherequirementforauthentication.
Dates
13)Drafts,transportdocumentsandinsurancedocumentsmustbedatedevenifacreditdoesnotexpresslysorequire.Arequirementthatadocument,otherthanthosementionedabove,bedated,maybesatisfiedbyreferenceinthedocumenttothedateofanotherdocumentformingpartofthesamepresentation(e.g.whereashippingcertificateisissuedwhichstates"dateasperbillofladingnumberxxx"orsimilarterms).Althoughitisexpectedthatarequiredcertificateordeclarationinaseparatedocumentbedated,itspliancewilldependonthetypeofcertificationordeclarationthathasbeenrequested,itsrequiredwording,andthewordingthatappearswithinit.Whetherotherdocumentsrequiredatingwilldependonthenatureandcontentofthedocumentinquestion.
14)Anydocument,including