大学英语3期末考试题阅读题题库急加DAAN.docx

大学英语3期末考试题阅读题题库急加DAAN.docx

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大学英语3期末考试题阅读题题库急加DAAN

第一次

Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersandgainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit?

Contraryto“commonknowledge”,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine（尼古丁）itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,itsinfluenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.

Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine’seffectsonbody-fuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,”saysKennethA.PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.

Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes.

Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo（（试验药物用的）无效对照剂）nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsiderablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,“It’sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy.”

Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho’dliketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolicefficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.

1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokers?

A） Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.

B） Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

C） Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.√

D） Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

答案：

C

2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers’weightsignificantly?

A） WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate.√

B） Whilesmokersareexercising.

C） Whilesmokersareatrest.

D） WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.

答案：

A

3.Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A） peopleundermedicaltreatment

B） researchers

C） peopleundergoinganexperiment√

D） addictedsmokers

答案：

C

4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy?

A） Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.

B） Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.

C） Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy.

D） Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.√

答案：

D

5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage?

A） Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.

B） Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.√

C） Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.

D） Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking.

答案：

B

AcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren.

Theprofessor,whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice.“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays,“It’strue,mypersonalfeelingisthatforchildren’swell-being,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However,ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonanypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject.”

Capt.ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20yearsandhimselfafatheroftwo,said,“I’veneverheardsuchrubbish.AsfarasI’mconcerned,absolutelynoharmisdonetotheeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly—aslongastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.Inmyexperience—andI’veknownquiteafewofthem—Armychildrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers,ifnotmoreso.WhattheProfessordoesn’tappeartoappreciateisthefactthatinsuchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults.”

WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith,hesaidthatatnotimehadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwardordismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencetherewasacleartendency.

“Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchildcancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghisorhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensufferfromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment.”

6.WhatdoesProfessorSmith’sreportsuggest?

A） Childrenshouldn’tchangeschoolstoooften.√

B） Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryarebetteratacademicachievement.

C） Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertainamountofcontroversy.

D） Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremorevulnerabletoviciousdiseases.

答案：

A

7.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkofthefindingsoftheresearch?

A） Theyareprovedbytheresearch.√

B） Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.

C） Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.

D） Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes.

答案：

A

8.WhatdoesCapt.ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly?

A） Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironmentbetterthanadults.√

B） Theydonoharmtotheeducation.

C） Theyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystem.

D） Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted.

答案：

A

9.HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.ThomasMuller?

A） Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotionalturbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress.

B） Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfromchangingschoolsregularly.

C） Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendtosufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearningenvironment.√

D） Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikestoenteranewlearningenvironment.

答案：

C

10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A） Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearningenvironment.

B） Whetherchildrenwouldbeaffectedbychangingschoolsregularly.√

C） TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconductastudy.

D） Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooftenchangeschools.

答案：

B

Recentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewiththieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthemresponsible.Someofthemostthievish（像窃贼的）transactionshaveflourishedandarestillflourishing.Theirsuccessandtheirwealtharetheonlythingsrecognized.Theyarehonoredasfinanciersandmenofaffairs,lookeduptoandrespected.

Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalotofmercilessandheartlessthieves.Fraudisfraudandcheatingischeatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedorthesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.

Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwheretheyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserablesneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindman’sdog.

Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohavemadesacrificestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmostunmercifully.Theirhard-earnedsavingshavebeenstolenfromthembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting（打劫）ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalizedhighrisk,complexfinancialproducts.Menhighupinthefinancialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshadyandnotoriousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityorapeople.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical（节俭的）Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledtobelievewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethattheyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectablecheats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.

Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethevictimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethatthelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachineryinchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors（违犯者）.Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughttobeinvestigatedandtheevilremedied.

11.Whatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraphreflect?

A） Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievishtransactionstoflourish.

B） Peopleonlyrespectsuccessandwealthwithou