新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx

上传人:b****5 文档编号:7501037 上传时间:2023-01-24 格式:DOCX 页数:15 大小:21.33KB
下载 相关 举报
新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共15页
新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共15页
新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共15页
新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共15页
新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共15页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx

《新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新概念英语第一册语法总结00000.docx

新概念英语第一册语法总结00000

新概念英语第一册语法总结

(一)

一、时态:

  一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时

  1.一般现在时

  表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。

  1含有be动词的句子

  Heisateacher.

  Thegirlisverybeautiful.

  TimandJackarestudents.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Isheateacher?

  Isthegirlverybeautiful?

  AreTimandJackstudents?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Heisnotateacher.

  Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.

  TimandJackarenotstudents.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,heis.No,heisnot.

  Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.

  Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.

 ★不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子

  第三人称单数及单数名词

  Helikesbooks.

  Shelikeshim.

  Thedoglikesbones.

  ★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型

  Doeshelikebooks?

  Doesshelikehim?

  Doesthedoglikebones?

  ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t,动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。

  Hedoesn’tlikebooks.

  Shedoesn’tlikehim.

  Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答:

  Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.

  Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t

  Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.

  注意:

第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。

  其他人称及复数名词

  Iwanttohaveabath.

  Wehavesomemeat.

  Thestudentslikesmartteachers.

  ★变疑问句在句首加do

  Doyouwanttohaveabath?

  Dowehaveanymeat?

  Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?

  ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.

  Youdon’twanttohaveabath.

  Wedon’thaveanymeat.

  Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.

  Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t

  Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.

2.现在进行时

  表示现在正在进行的动作。

  构成:

主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)

  Wearehavinglunch.

  Heisreadingabook.

  Thedogisrunningafteracat.

  Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Arewehavinglunch?

  Ishereadingabook?

  Isthedogrunningafteracat?

  Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Wearenothavinglunch.

  Heisnotreadingabook.

  Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.

  Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.

  ★特殊疑问句:

what,which,how,where,who,etc.

  疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词

  Whatareyoudoing?

  Whatisshedoing?

  Whatisthedogdoing?

  没有进行时的动词(必背)

  表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作

  1.表示感觉,感官的词

  see,hear,like,love,want,

  2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时

3.一般过去时

  表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,

  含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were

  Iwasatthebutcher’s.

  Youwereastudentayearago.

  Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首

  Wereyouatthebutcher’s?

  Wereyouastudentayearago?

  Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Iwasnotatthebutcher’s.

  Youwerenotastudentayearago.

  Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.

  ★肯定回答否定回答

  Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.

  Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.

  Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.

  ★特殊疑问句:

  Whatdidyoudo?

  (必背)

  不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录

  Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.

  Theboywenttoarestaurant.

  TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.

  ★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型

  Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

  Didtheboygotoarestaurant?

  DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?

  ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot

  Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.

  Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.

  TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.

  Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.

  Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.

4.现在完成时

  构成:

主语+助动词have,has+过去分词

  用法:

  2)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用

  Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)

  Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)

  Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)

  Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)

  3)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:

  Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?

  HaveyoubeentoBeijing?

  Haveheseenthefilm?

  4)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作

  IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.

  Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.

  8)表示一种经历,经验:

去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情

  Ihaveneverhadabath.

  Ihaveneverseenafilm.

  Ihaveneverbeentocinema.

  IhaveeverbeentoParis.

  Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了

  IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)

  HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)

  11)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用

  Ihavelostmypen.

  Ihavehurtmyself.

  Hehasbecomeateacher.

  Shehasbrokenmyheart.

  句型变化:

  ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.

  e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?

Ihavenotlostmypen.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.

  ★特殊疑问句:

  Whathaveyoudone?

  Whathashedone?

  一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:

  凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时

  注意:

有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用

  错:

I’veleftBeijingfor3days.

  对:

IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.

5.一般将来时

  表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示将来的词联用

  结构:

主语+助动词will+动词原形

  IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.

  ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

  Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.

  ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首

  WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?

  WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?

  WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?

  ★变否定句在助动词后面加not

  IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.

  ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

  Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.

  Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.

  Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.

  ★特殊疑问句:

  Whatwillyoudo?

6.过去完成时:

  用法:

在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。

  结构:

had+过去分词

  Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.

 TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.

  ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.

  After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。

  5变疑问句将助动词移到句首

  Hadshefinishedherhomework?

  6变否定句在助动词后面加not

  Shehadn’tfinishedherhomework.

  7肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.

  8特殊疑问句:

  Whathadshedone?

7.过去进行时

  表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。

  结构:

was/were+doing

  Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.

  Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.

8过去将来时

  结构:

woulddo

  Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.

  两个特殊句型:

therebe句型,begoingto结构

  1)Begoingto结构

  表示打算,准备,计划做某事

  ★结构:

主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型

  Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.

  Theyaregoingtopaintit.

  Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?

  Aretheygoingtopaintit?

  Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.

  Theyaregoingtopaintit.

  Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

  Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.

  Yes,heis.No,heisnot.

  ★特殊疑问句

  Whatareyougoingtodo?

  Whataretheygoingtodo?

  Whatisthefathergoingtodo?

  (必背)

  2)Therebe句型

  表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)

  Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

  Thereisabookinthisroom.

  Thereisapenonthetable

  Thereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

  Therearetwopensonthetable.

  Therearethreeschoolsthere.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Isthereabookinthisroom?

  Aretheretwopensonthetable?

  ★变否定句在动词后面加not

  Thereisnotabookinthisroom.

  Therearenottwopensonthetable.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.

  Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.

9问句:

  一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句

  1)一般疑问句:

助动词/be动词+主语

  Areyouateacher?

Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?

  2)特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

  Whatisyourname?

  3)选择疑问句:

or

  Doyouwantbeeforlamb?

  4)反意疑问句:

肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分

  Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?

  5)否定疑问句:

一般疑问句+否定词

  Aren’tyoulucky?

Don’tyouwanthavearest?

限定词:

some,any,many,much

  •some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some

  •many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.

  Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.

11名词:

种类,复数,名词所有格

  •名词分为可数名词和不可数名词

  1)不可数名词

  无法分开的东西:

water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)

  抽象的东西:

love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)

  不可数名词有以下特点:

  •不能用a,an修饰

  •不能加s

  •和单数be动词或动词搭配

  2)可数名词:

  单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:

  规则变化的名词复数形式

  规则1一般情况+se.g.shell→shellsbook→books

  规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches

  规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:

黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s,radio→radios

  规则4以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为vese.g.life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives

  规则5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.g.sky→skiesfly→flies

  3)不规则变化的名词复数形式

  man(men)woman(women)foot(feet)goose(geese)tooth(teeth)0

  child(children)sheep(sheep)deer(deer)mouse(mice)fish(fish)

12副词:

用法及形容词变副词的变化

  •副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。

如:

  Thebookisverygood.

  Herunsfast.

  Shecameherequiteearly.

  CertainlyIwillgowithyou.

  副词变化形式:

  •直接在形容词后加-ly,

  careful-carefully,slow-slowly,

  •以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I,加-ly,

  happy-happily,lucky-luckily

  •有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化

  fast,hard,late

  •有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:

  neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately

13情态动词的使用:

can,must,may,might,need,

  1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)

  结构:

主语+can/must/may+动词原型

  Hecanmakethetea.

  Sallycanairtheroom.

  WecanspeakEnglish.

  ★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首

  Canhemakethetea?

  CanSallyairtheroom?

  CanwespeakEnglish?

  ★变否定句在情态动词后面加not

  Hecannotmakethetea.

  Sallycannotairtheroom.

  WecannotspeakEnglish.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.

  Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.

  Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.

  ★特殊疑问句:

  Whatcanyoudo?

  (必背)

  注意:

情态动词的句子没

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 人文社科 > 哲学历史

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1