FPGA的英文文献及翻译.docx

FPGA的英文文献及翻译.docx

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FPGA的英文文献及翻译

BuildingProgrammableAutomationControllerswithLabVIEW

FPGA

Overview

ProgrammableAutomationControllers（PACs）aregainingacceptancewithinthe

industrialcontrolmarketastheidealsolutionforapplicationsthatrequirehighlyintegrated

analoganddigitalI/O,floating-pointprocessing,andseamlessconnectivitytomultiple

processingnodes.NationalInstrumentsoffersavarietyofPACsolutionspoweredbyone

commonsoftwaredevelopmentenvironment,NILabVIEW.WithLabVIEW,youcanbuild

customI/Ointerfacesforindustrialapplicationsusingadd-onsoftware,suchastheNI

LabVIEWFPGAModule.

WiththeLabVIEWFPGAModuleandreconfigurableI/O（RIO）hardware,National

Instrumentsdeliversanintuitive,accessiblesolutionforincorporatingtheflexibilityand

customizabilityofFPGAtechnologyintoindustrialPACsystems.Youcandefinethelogic

embeddedinFPGAchipsacrossthefamilyofRIOhardwaretargetswithoutknowinglow-

levelhardwaredescriptionlanguages（HDLs）orboard-levelhardwaredesigndetails,aswell

asquicklydefinehardwareforultrahigh-speedcontrol,customizedtimingand

synchronization,low-levelsignalprocessing,andcustomI/Owithanalog,digital,and

counterswithinasingledevice.YoualsocanintegrateyourcustomNIRIOhardwarewith

imageacquisitionandanalysis,motioncontrol,andindustrialprotocols,suchasCANand

RS232,torapidlyprototypeandimplementacompletePACsystem.

TableofContents

1.Introduction

NIRIO2.HardwareforPACs

BuildingPACswithLabVIEWandthe3.LabVIEWFPGAModule

FPGADevelopment4.Flow

UsingNISoftMotiontoCreate5.CustomMotionControllers

Applications6.

Conclusion7.

Introduction

YoucanusegraphicalprogramminginLabVIEWandtheLabVIEWFPGAModuleto

configuretheFPGA（field-programmablegatearray）onNIRIOdevices.RIOtechnology,the

mergingofLabVIEWgraphicalprogrammingwithFPGAsonNIRIOhardware,providesa

flexibleplatformforcreatingsophisticatedmeasurementandcontrolsystemsthatyoucould

hardware.custom-designedwithonlycreatepreviously

AnFPGAisachipthatconsistsofmanyunconfiguredlogicgates.Unlikethefixed,

vendor-definedfunctionalityofanASIC（application-specificintegratedcircuit）chip,youcan

configureandreconfigurethelogiconFPGAsforyourspecificapplication.FPGAsareused

inapplicationswhereeitherthecostofdevelopingandfabricatinganASICisprohibitive,or

thehardwaremustbereconfiguredafterbeingplacedintoservice.Theflexible,software-

programmablearchitectureofFPGAsofferbenefitssuchashigh-performanceexecutionof

customalgorithms,precisetimingandsynchronization,rapiddecisionmaking,and

simultaneousexecutionofparalleltasks.Today,FPGAsappearinsuchdevicesasinstruments,

consumerelectronics,automobiles,aircraft,copymachines,andapplication-specific

computerhardware.WhileFPGAsareoftenusedinindustrialcontrolproducts,FPGA

functionalityhasnotpreviouslybeenmadeaccessibletoindustrialcontrolengineers.

DefiningFPGAshashistoricallyrequiredexpertiseusingHDLprogrammingorcomplex

designtoolsusedmorebyhardwaredesignengineersthanbycontrolengineers.

WiththeLabVIEWFPGAModuleandNIRIOhardware,younowcanuseLabVIEW,a

high-levelgraphicaldevelopmentenvironmentdesignedspecificallyformeasurementand

controlapplications,tocreatePACsthathavethecustomization,flexibility,andhigh-

performanceofFPGAs.BecausetheLabVIEWFPGAModuleconfigurescustomcircuitryin

hardware,yoursystemcanprocessandgeneratesynchronizedanaloganddigitalsignals

rapidlyanddeterministically.Figure1illustratesmanyoftheNIRIOdevicesthatyoucan

configureusingtheLabVIEWFPGAModule.

Figure1.LabVIEWFPGAVIBlockDiagramandRIOHardwarePlatforms

NIRIOHardwareforPACs

Historically,programmingFPGAshasbeenlimitedtoengineerswhohavein-depth

knowledgeofVHDLorotherlow-leveldesigntools,whichrequireovercomingaverysteep

learningcurve.WiththeLabVIEWFPGAModule,NIhasopenedFPGAtechnologytoa

broadersetofengineerswhocannowdefineFPGAlogicusingLabVIEWgraphical

development.Measurementandcontrolengineerscanfocusprimarilyontheirtestandcontrol

application,wheretheirexpertiselies,ratherthanthelow-levelsemanticsoftransferringlogic

intothecellsofthechip.TheLabVIEWFPGAModulemodelworksbecauseofthetight

integrationbetweentheLabVIEWFPGAModuleandthecommercialoff-the-shelf（COTS）

hardwarearchitectureoftheFPGAandsurroundingI/Ocomponents.

NationalInstrumentsPACsprovidemodular,off-the-shelfplatformsforyourindustrial

controlapplications.WiththeimplementationofRIOtechnologyonPCI,PXI,andCompact

VisionSystemplatformsandtheintroductionofRIO-basedCompactRIO,engineersnow

havethebenefitsofaCOTSplatformwiththehigh-performance,flexibility,and

customizationbenefitsofFPGAsattheirdisposaltobuildPACs.NationalInstrumentsPCI

andPXIRSeriesplug-indevicesprovideanaloganddigitaldataacquisitionandcontrolfor

high-performance,user-configurabletimingandsynchronization,aswellasonboarddecision

makingonasingledevice.Usingtheseoff-the-shelfdevices,youcanextendyourNIPXIor

PCIindustrialcontrolsystemtoincludehigh-speeddiscreteandanalogcontrol,custom

sensorinterfaces,andprecisetimingandcontrol.

NICompactRIO,aplatformcenteredonRIOtechnology,providesasmall,industrially

rugged,modularPACplatformthatgivesyouhigh-performanceI/Oandunprecedented

flexibilityinsystemtiming.YoucanuseNICompactRIOtobuildanembeddedsystemfor

applicationssuchasin-vehicledataacquisition,mobileNVHtesting,andembeddedmachine

controlsystems.TheruggedNICompactRIOsystemisindustriallyratedandcertified,andit

isdesignedforgreaterthan50gofshockatatemperaturerangeof-40to70°C.

NICompactVisionSystemisaruggedmachinevisionpackagethatwithstandstheharsh

environmentscommoninrobotics,automatedtest,andindustrialinspectionsystems.NI

CVS-145xdevicesofferunprecedentedI/Ocapabilitiesandnetworkconnectivityfor

distributedmachinevisionapplications.NICVS-145xsystemsuseIEEE1394（FireWire）

technology,compatiblewithmorethan40cameraswithawiderangeoffunctionality,

performance,andprice.NICVS-1455andNICVS-1456devicescontainconfigurable

FPGAssoyoucanimplementcustomcounters,timing,ormotorcontrolinyourmachine

visionapplication.

BuildingPACswithLabVIEWandtheLabVIEWFPGAModule

WithLabVIEWandtheLabVIEWFPGAModule,youaddsignificantflexibilityand

customizationtoyourindustrialcontrolhardware.BecausemanyPACsarealready

programmedusingLabVIEW,programmingFPGAswithLabVIEWiseasybecauseituses

thesameLabVIEWdevelopmentenvironment.WhenyoutargettheFPGAonanNIRIO

device,LabVIEWdisplaysonlythefunctionsthatcanbeimplementedintheFPGA,further

easingtheuseofLabVIEWtoprogramFPGAs.TheLabVIEWFPGAModuleFunctions

paletteincludestypicalLabVIEWstructuresandfunctions,suchasWhileLoops,ForLoops,

CaseStructures,andSequenceStructuresaswellasadedicatedsetofLabVIEWFPGA-

specificfunctionsformath,signalgenerationandanalysis,linearandnonlinearcontrol,

comparisonlogic,arrayandclustermanipulation,occurrences,analoganddigitalI/O,and

timing.Youcanuseacombinationofthesefunctionstodefinelogicandembedintelligence

device.RIONIyouronto

Figure2showsanFPGAapplicationthatimplementsaPIDcontrolalgorithmontheNI

RIOhardwareandahostapplicationonaWindowsmachineoranRTtargetthat

communicateswiththeNIRIOhardware.Thisapplicationreadsfromanaloginput0（AI0）,

performsthePIDcalculation,andoutputstheresultingdataonanalogoutput0（AO0）.While

theFPGAclockrunsat40MHztheloopinthisexamplerunsmuchslowerbecauseeach

componenttakeslongerthanone-clockcycletoexecute.Analogcontrolloopscanrunonan

FPGAatarateofabout200kHz.Youcanspecifytheclockrateatcompiletime.This

exampleshowsonlyonePIDloop;however,creatingadditionalfunctionalityontheNIRIO

deviceismerelyamatterofaddinganotherWhileLoop.UnliketraditionalPCprocessors,

FPGAsareparallelprocessors.Addingadditionalloopstoyourapplicationdoesnotaffectthe

performanceofyourPIDloop.

Figure2.PIDControlUsinganEmbeddedLabVIEWFPGAVIwithCorrespondingLabVIEWHost

VI.

FPGADevelopmentFlow

AfteryoucreatetheLabVIEWFPGAVI,youcompilethecodetorunontheNIRIO

hardware.Dependingonthecomplexityofyourcodeandthespecificationsofyour

developmentsystem,compiletimeforanFPGAVIcanrangefromminutestoseveralhours.

Tomaximizedevelopmentproductivity,withtheRSeriesRIOdevicesyoucanuseabit-

accurateemulationmodesoyoucanverifythelogicofyourdesignbeforeinitiatingthe

compileprocess.WhenyoutargettheFPGADeviceEmulator,LabVIEWaccessesI/Ofrom

thedeviceandexecutestheVIlogicontheWindowsdevelopmentcomputer.Inthismode,

youcanusethesamedebuggingtoolsavailableinLabVIEWforWindows,suchasexecution

highlighting,probes,andbreakpoints.

OncetheLabVIEWFPGAcodeiscompiled,youcreateaLabVIEWhostVItointegrate

yourNIRIOhardwareintotherestofyourPACs