雅思阅读理解练习题.docx

雅思阅读理解练习题.docx

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雅思阅读理解练习题

2017雅思阅读理解练习题

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　　StudyFindsWebAntifraudMeasureIneffective

　　Published:

February5,2007NewYorkTimes

　　1.Internetsecurityexpertshavelongknownthatsimplepasswordsdonotfullydefendonlinebankaccountsfromdeterminedfraudartists.Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection.

　　2.Thestudy,producedjointlybyresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,lookedatatechnologycalledsite-authenticationimages.Inthesystem,currentlyusedbyfinancialinstitutionslikeBankofAmerica,INGDirectandVanguard,onlinebankingcustomersareaskedtoselectanimage,likeadogorchesspiece,thattheywillseeeverytimetheylogintotheiraccount.

　　3.Theideaisthatifcustomersdonotseetheirimage,theycouldbeatafraudulentWebsite,dummieduptolookliketheirbank’s,andshouldnotentertheirpasswords.

　　4.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researcherstestedthathypothesis.InOctober,theybrought67BankofAmericacustomersintheBostonareaintoacontrolledenvironmentandaskedthemtoconductroutineonlinebankingactivities,likelookingupaccountbalances.Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages.

　　5.Of60participantswhogotthatfarintothestudyandwhoseresultscouldbeverified,58enteredpasswordsanyway.Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.

　　6.“Thepremiseisthatsite-authenticationimagesincreasesecuritybecausecustomerswillnotentertheirpasswordsiftheydonotseethecorrectimage,”saidStuartSchechter,acomputerscientistattheM.I.T.LincolnLaboratory.“Fromthestudywelearnedthatthepremiseisrightlessthan10percentofthetime.”

　　7.Headded:

“Ifabankweretoaskmeiftheyshoulddeployit,Iwouldsayno,waitforsomethingbetter,”hesaid.

　　8.Thesystemhassomehigh-powersupportersinthefinancialservicesworld,manytryingtocomplywithnewonlinebankingregulations.In2005,theFederalFinancialInstitutionsExaminationCouncil,aninteragencybodyoffederalbankingregulators,determinedthatpasswordsalonedidnoteffectivelythwartintruderslikeidentitythieves.

　　9.Itissuednewguidelines,askingfinancialWebsitestofindbetterwaysforbanksandcustomerstoidentifyeachotheronline.January2007wassetasthecompliancedate,thoughthecouncilhasyettobeginenforcingthemandate.

　　10.Banksimmediatelyknewwhattheydidnotwanttodo:

askcustomerstodownloadnewsecuritysoftware,orcarryaroundhardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodestheycanusetoauthenticatetheiridentities.Bothsolutionswouldaddanextralayerofsecuritybut,thebanksbelieved,detractfromtheconvenienceofonlinebanking.

　　11.Theimagesystem,introducedin2004byaSiliconValleyfirmcalledPassMarkSecurity,offeredbanksapain-freeadditiontotheirsecurityarsenals.BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit,inJune2005,underthebrandnameSiteKey,askingits21millionWebsiteuserstoselectanimagefromthousandsofpossiblechoicesandtochooseauniquephrasetheywouldseeeverytimetheyloggedin.

　　12.SiteKey“givesourcustomersafairlyeasywayofauthenticatingtheBankofAmericaWebsite,”saidSanjayGupta,ane-commerceexecutiveatthebank.“Itwasverywellreceived.”

　　13.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researchers,however,foundthatmostonlinebankingcustomersdidnotnoticewhentheSiteKeyimageswereabsent.Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured.Theerrormessagealsohadaconspicuousspellingmistake,furthersuggestingsomethingfishy.

　　14.Mr.GuptaofBankofAmericasaidhewasnottroubledbytheresultsofthesurvey,andstressedthatSiteKeyhadmadethebank’sWebsitemoresecure.Healsosaidthatthesystemwasonlyasinglepartofalargersecurityblanket.“It’snotlikewe’rebettingthebankonSiteKey,”hesaid.

　　15.Mostfinancialinstitutions,likeBankofAmerica,haveotherwaystotellifacustomerislegitimate.Thebanksoftendropasmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie,ontoauser’sPCtoassociatethecomputerwiththecustomer.Ifthecustomerlogsinfromanothermachine,hemaybeaskedpersonalquestions,likehismother’smaidenname.

　　16.RachnaDhamija,theHarvardresearcherwhoconductedthestudy,pointsoutthatswindlerscanusetheirdummyWebsitestoaskcustomersthosepersonalquestions.Shesaidthatthestudydemonstratedthatsite-authenticationimagesarefundamentallyflawedand,worse,mightactuallydetractfromsecuritybygivingusersafalsesenseofconfidence.

　　17.RSASecurity,thecompanythatboughtPassMarklastyear,“hasalotofgreatdataonhowSiteKeyinstillstrustandconfidenceandgoodfeelingsintheircustomers,”Ms.Dhamijasaid.“Ultimatelythatmightbewhytheyadoptedit.Sometimestheappearanceofsecurityismoreimportantthansecurityitself.”

　　（811words）

　　Questions1-5

　　Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage?

Pleasewrite

　　TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththewriter

　　FALSEifthestatementdoesnotagreewiththewriter

　　NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage

　　1.Accordingtointernetsecurityexperts,secondarysecuritymeasuresprovidelittleadditionalprotectionagainstfraud.

　　2.IntheHarvardandMITstudy,twosubjectsdidn’tlogonwithoutseeingthecorrectpictures.

　　3.AccordingtoSchechter,morethan90%ofonlinebankingcustomersstudiedloggedonwithoutseeingtherightpictures.

　　4.Theimagesystemistheonlysecuritymeasurethatthebanksmentionedinthepassagehavecurrently.

　　5.BankofAmericaisthefirstbankthatadoptedtheimagesystem.

　　Questions6-13

　　AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingsentencesbychoosingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

　　6.WhatisINGDirectandVanguard?

　　7.WhatmightonlinebankingcustomersbecheatedtogiveatafraudulentWebsite?

　　8.Whatmaystoponlinebankingcustomersfromusingnewverificationmethods?

　　9.Thekeytoonlinebankingsecurityistoverifythe______ofcustomers.

　　10.WhereisPassMarkSecuritylocated?

　　11.WhatisthereasonwhySiteKeyispopularamongonlinebankingcustomers?

　　12.WhatwasusedinsteadofimagesintheHarvardandM.I.T.study?

　　13.Howmanysecuritymethodsarementionedinthispassage?