上海高考英语词汇手册整理说课讲解.docx

上海高考英语词汇手册整理说课讲解.docx

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上海高考英语词汇手册整理说课讲解

上海高考英语词汇手册整理

词汇手册整理

1.ability

theabilitytodothecapabilityofdoing

be（un）abletodobecapableofsth/doing

1主语可以是物2可以加不好的事

Cf.wasabletodo（=managedtodo=succeededindoingsth）

Could

enablesb.todo

2.（ab）normaladj.

n.abovenormalbelownormalreturntonormal

Cf.averageadj.平均的；典型，有代表性的

n.above/belowaverageon（the）average

againstanaverageof…theaveragedrivers

commonadj.人人都有；到处可见It’scommontohaveamobilephonenow.

共同；共有have…incommon;commoninterest

ordinaryadj.

generaladj.总的thegeneralmanagerthegeneralidea/outline

社会一般的thegeneralpublicgeneralknowledge

generalelection

generallyspeaking

ingeneralVSindetail

usualadj.

universaladj.auniversaltruth/rule

auniversallanguage/universalpeace/donor

topicsofuniversalinterest

n.theuniverseCf.space

3.aboardadv.prep

goaboardtheship.

Onboard

4.abroadadv.

go/studyabroad;fromhomeandabroad

5.absencen.

one’sabsencefromintheabsenceof=forlackof

absentadj.beabsentfromVSbepresentat

absent-minded

6.absorbvt.

absorblight/water/heat/thetraining/whathesays

（sb.）beabsorbedinsth/doingsth

7.acceptvt.Cfacceptaninvitation

receiveaninvitation

Cf.beacceptedbyall

bewell/coldly/poorlyreceivedbyall

Cf.beacceptedbyacompany

beadmittedto/intoacompany

（un）acceptableadj.beacceptabletosb.

8.access（u）n.theaccesstothevillage

have（easy/no）accesstothelibrary

theInternetaccess

（in）accessibleadj.be~to

9.accidentn.Cf.accident

event

incident

issue

byaccident=bychance=accidentally=unintentionally

onpurpose=byintention=bydesign=purposefully=intentionally

10.accordingtothechairman/report

accordingtothespecificsituation

accordingtome（此表达法错，正确为so/asfarasIamconcerned）

11.account

accountfor1）占据Girlsaccountfor30%ofthewholeclass.

2）解释…的原因Thestudentcouldnotaccountforhisabsence.

Giveadetailed/fullaccountofsth

Takesthintoaccount/consideration

Onnoaccountshouldwegiveup.Weshouldnotonanyaccountgiveup.

12.withgreataccuracy

Cf.accurate

exact

actual

13.accusesb.ofsth

chargesb.withsth

arrestsb.forsth.

blamesb.forsth.=blamesth.onsb.

scoldsb.forsth.

criticizesb.forsth.

excusesb.ror

praisesb.for

14.accustomedadj.hisaccustomedseat/anaccustomedsmile

beaccustomedtosth./doingsth.=beusedtosth./doingsth.

getaccustomedtosth./doingsth.=getusedtosth./doingsth.

15.achen.

haveabadheadache/stomachache

vi.=hurt

Iacheallover.

Myheartachesforyou.

Myleghasbeenhurting/achingsinceyesterday.

Cf.hurt（hurt,hurt）

vt.hurtmyleg/havemyleghurt/hurtmyfeelings

vi.Myleghurts.

woundvt.awoundedsolider

n.=injury

injurevt.injurehisleg/injurehisfeelings

n.injury

damagevt.damagethetable/chairs

damageone’shealth/eyesight

n.do/causedamageto

Cf.damages

destroyvt.

spoilvt.Sparetherod,spoilthechild.

aspoiltchild

spoilhisbirthdayparty/thepicnic

Cf.offendhim

harmvt.harmsb.

harmone’seyes

n.doharmtosb.=dosb.harm

=beharmfulto=bebadfor

16.achievevt.

achievesuccess/fame/recognition/aneffect达到（较抽象）

achieveatask/one’saim完成

achievementn.makeachievementsin

accomplishvt.accomplishatask/one’saim完成

accomplishsomething/nothing/wonders/whateveryoudo做到（具体）

fulfillvt.fulfillapromise/contrast履行

fulfillatask完成

fulfillone’sneeds/requirements=meet;satisfy满足

17.acquirevt.

acquiresth.获得acquireaknowledgeofFrench/abadreputation学得；养成

gainvt.gainsth./gain（lose）fiveminutesaday

obtainvt.obtainsth./obtainone’sgoal

earnvt.earnsb.sth.

winvt.winsth./winsb.sth./winoversb.

18.across

~~thedesert;shoutacrosstheroom;runacrosstheplain

Comeacross

19.actas

actn.Cf.act

behaviour

action

deed

20.actualadj.theactualprice/theactualcost/hisactualwords/inactualfact

Cf.realrealleather/silk

arealpersoninreallife

trueIt’snottrue.Shemadeupthestory.

truelove/friends

21.adaptv.adaptsth.tosth.

adaptoneselftosth.=adapttosth.

adoptvt.adoptachild

adoptagoodattitude/theproposal

adjustvt.adjustthefocus/theclock

adjustoneselftosth.=adjusttosth.

22.addv.addsth.tosth.

addupAandB

addthat接着说

addtosth.=increasesth.增添了addtoourhelplessness

（sth）addupto总和

additionn.inadditionto=besides

inaddition=besides=furthermore=what’smore

23.addressn.注意词义

vt.addresstheenvelope

addressthemeeting/alargeaudience

24.admirevt.admireyou/admireyourbravery/admireyouforyourbravery

admirethebeautifulsunset=appreciate~

25.admitvt.admitsb.to/intosp.

admitdoingsth.VSdenydoingsth.

Cf.permitvt.permitsth.permitdoingsth.permitsb.todo

allowvt.allowsth.allowdoingsth.allowsb.todo

advisedoingadvisesb.todo

recommenddoingrecommendsb.todo

26.advancev.

n.C/Umakeadvancesin=makeprogressin

advancementn.U

advancedtechnology/advancedcourse

27.takefulladvantageof=makefulluseof=makethemostof

Cf.makethebestof

haveanadvantageoversb.

28.adventuren.冒险的活动

Cf.venturen.冒险的事业Everyventurehasthepossibilityofmakingorlosingmoney.

Risk

29.advertisethenewcarmodelinthenewspaper

advertiseforajob/roommate

30.advisesb.onsth.suggeststh.

advisesb.todosuggestone’sdoing

advisedoingsuggest（tosb.）that…（should）do

advisethat…（should）do

giveadvicetosb.onsth.makeasuggestiontosb.

givetipstosb.onsth.

31.affair（usu.pl.）foreignaffairs/politicalaffairs

householdaffairs/aloveaffair

Cf.business

dobusinesswithbusinesshoursonbusinessorforpleasure

It’snoneofyourbusiness.

setup/startabusiness

matterIt’samatterofchoice/ofpersonaltastes/lifeanddeath.

Isthereanythingthematterwithyou?

32.affectvt.affectachild’sgrowth（不良影响）

beaffectedbythestory=bemoved/touchedbythestory

beaffectedbyadisease=beinfectedwith/byadisease

=develop/catch/pickup/（carry）adisease

Cf.influencevt.influenceachild’sthought/opinion

n.Uhaveinfluenceon

effectn.haveaneffecton

achievetheintendedeffect

causeandeffect

createawonderfulsoundeffect

（sth.）takeeffectbringsth.intoeffect

effortn.makeeffort（s）todowithouteffort（s）inone’seffortstodo

sparenoeffortstodothroughcombinedefforts

impactn.haveanimpacton

33.affordvt.买得起affordsth.affordtodo

承受得起后果Alanguagelearnercannotaffordnottohaveadictionary.

34.afraidadj.beafraidtodo

beafraidofdoing

Cf.Iamafraidofdogs.

Ifeardogs.

Dogsfrightenme.

Iamfrightenedatdogs.

35.agreetodo

agreetomyplan

agreewithme/mywords/whatIsaid

Hiswordsdon’tagreewithhisactions.相符

Thefood/weatherheredoesnotagreewithme.适合，适宜

（Allofthem）agreeon（adate）

cometo/reach/arriveatanagreement

agreeable（=pleasant）people/weather

36.aheadofme在前面;胜过

aheadoftime/scheduleVSbehindtime

aheadofone’stime/thetimesVSbehindthetimes落后于时代

37.aidn.aknowledgeoffirstaid

hearingaidsaudio-visualaidsteachingaids

cometo/gotoone’said/help/rescue/assistance

withtheaidof=withthehelpof

aidv.=help;assist

aid（sb.）withsth.

aidsb.indoing

38.aimhisgunatthetargetaimhiswordsatme

aimatsth.

aimtodo=aimatdoingTheadvertaimsatpromotinggoodservice.

aimhigh

achieveone’saimtodosth.

39.alike

（adv.）Thebosstreatsusallalike.（=inthesameway）

（adj.）Thetwobrotherslookmuchalike.

Cf.AlookslikeB.

40.Cf.alivetheoldestmanalivecatchsb.alivekeepsb.alive

livingtheoldestlivingmanthelivingandthedeadalivinglanguage

livelyalivelyboy/lesson

live（adj.）alivebroadcast/matchexperimentonliveanimals

（adv.）bebroadcastlive

41.allstudents/allthestudents/allofthestudents

allofthem

inall

allinall

afterall

aboveall

firstofall

allover

（not）atall

42.almostnobody/nothing/no…

notnearlysatisfactory=farfromsatisfactory/perfect/enough

almost/nearlyeverybody

Cf.almost/most/mostly

43.aloneadj.Sheisalone,butsheisn’tnotlonely.

adv.doitalone=doitonone’sown=doitbyoneself

Moneyalone（光，仅仅）can’tmakemehappy.

lonelyadj.Sheislonely.

alonelygirl

alonelyvillage=aremote/farawayvillage

44.amazevt.

amusevt.

45.haveanambitiontodosth

achieve/realize/fulfillone’sambition

46.alargeamountof;agreatdealof+U

plentyof,alargequantityof;largequantitiesof+U/C

massesof;agoodmany;alargenumberof+C

47.inancienttimesVSinmoderntimes

theancients

48.beangrywithsb.at/aboutsth.

49.announcevt.公开宣布

announcesth.（announcetheirmarriage）

announcethat…

declarevt.（权威.政府）宣布;申报关税

declaresth.（declarepeace/war）

declaresth/sb.（tobe）+n./adj.（declarethemeetingopen）

declarethat…

claimvt.要求获得权利;认领某物

claimsth.（claimthewallet/claimthereward）

自称claimtodo（无claimsb.todo）

claimthat…

demandvt.需要demandsth.（demandgreatcare/patience）

=needsth.=callforsth.=requiresth.

（强烈）要求demandsth.（demandanapology/demandareasonableexplanation）demandtodo（无demandsb.todo）

demandthat…（should）do

requirevt.需要requiresth.=needsth.=demandsth.=callforsth.

requiredoing