牛津英语八年级下册知识点梳理汇总.docx
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牛津英语八年级下册知识点梳理汇总
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八年级下册知识点
Unit1
一.【精选词汇】
㈠重点短语
1.thechangestoSunshineTown阳光镇的变化→thechangesto……的变化(p8)
〈知识链接〉changen.变化,常用复数changes。
e.g.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesince1995.
2.inthesouthernpartoftown→inthesouthernpartof…在…的南部→south→southern
〈知识链接〉east东部→eastern东部的,west→western,north→northern
3.inthepast在过去→atpresent现在→inthefuture未来;将来,注意这些短语中的介词和冠词。
4.turntheplaceintoapark→turn…into…把…变成…
〈知识链接〉①Heatturnswaterintovapor.热使水变成蒸气。
②TurnthissentenceintoEnglish.
5.playcardsandChinesechess打牌、下象棋,e.g.It'spleasanttoplaycardsandChinesechess.
6.waterpollution水污染→airpollution空气污染,noisepollution噪音污染(p9)
〈知识链接〉Waterpollutionwasaproblembefore.
7.usedtodumpitswasteintowater→usedtodosth过去常做某事,注意否定式、疑问式的形式
〈知识链接〉⑴usedtodosth→否定式usednottodosth或didn'tusetodosth→疑问式Didsbusetodosth?
或Usedsbtodosth?
⑵Therebe和usedto合用的形式为Thereusedtobe。
根据要求进行句型转换:
Sheusedtoteachhistory.①否定式:
Sheusedteachhistory.或She
didn'tteachhistory.②疑问式:
sheteachhistory?
或Didshe
teachhistory?
〈用法拓展〉⑴beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事,e.g.Stampsareusedtosendletters.=Stampsareusedforsendingletters.⑵be/become/getusedtosth习惯于某事,be/become/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事,e.g.①Mygrandmausedtoliveinthecitybutnowshehasgotusedtothecountrylife.②Tomis
usedtogettingupearly.
8.insomeways在某种程度上;在某些方面→inthisway以这种方式
9.feelabitlonelyfromtimetotime→fromtimetotime=attimes=sometimes有时;不时地
〈知识链接〉⑴abit+形容词原级或比较级=alittle+形容词原级或比较级,有点…
⑵abitof+不可数名词=alittle+不可数名词e.g.abitofwater=alittlewater
〈用法拓展〉notalittle=very非常,notabit=not…atall一点也不
10.throwaway扔掉…→“动词+副词”结构,e.g.throwit/themaway
11.haveaninterviewwithsb=interviewsb采访某人;对某人面试;与某人面谈(p12)
〈知识链接〉①Myparentshavehadaninterviewwithmyteacher.②Theyinterviewed20peopleforthejob.
③Thereareanumberofinterviewswithsomefamousfootballplayers.
12.thebestmodelIhaveeverseen我曾见过的最好的模型(p17)
〈知识链接〉the+形容词最高级+名词单数+sbhave/haseverdone,某人曾做过的最…的…
themostwonderfulfilm(that)hehaseverwatched他看过的最精彩的比赛
〈用法拓展〉⑴ever通常用于疑问句中或否定句中。
e.g.①Have/Hassbeverdonesth?
②Nobodyeversteppedinthiscavern.没人曾经踏进过这洞穴。
⑵eversince…自从…起到现在(用于现在完成时),forever=forever永远;永久地
13.moveintothenewflats→moveinto…搬进…,moveoutof…搬出…(p18)
14.lendmeabook→lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借给某人,是“借出”。
〈知识链接〉borrowsthfromsb向某人借某物,是“借入”。
15.arecentphoto一张近期照片,writeaboutthechangestoMoonlightTown(p21)
16.atouristattraction旅游胜地→attractionn.吸引;向往的地方→attractvt.吸引→attractive有吸引力的①It
hasbecomeanewtouristattraction.②Hepburn'sbeautyandcharmattractedColette'sattention.
㈡词汇解析
1.常见的交通工具:
bike/bicycle,bus,double-decker双层巴士,coach长途汽车,tram有轨电车,taxi,train,
underground,lightrail轻轨,plane,hot-airballoon热气球,aerodone滑翔机
2.Usingadictionary:
Thewordsinadictionaryareinalphabeticalorderfrom“A”to“Z”.Thishelpsusfindthe
wordswewantquickly.Iftwowordsstartswiththesameletter,welookatthesecondlettertodecidethe
alphabeticalorder.Ifthefirsttwolettersoftwowordsarethesame,welookatthethirdletter,andsoon.e.g.The
word“ball”comesbeforetheword“banana”.
3.century=onehundredyears世纪;百年。
⑴某世纪用序数词。
如:
21世纪thetwenty-firstcentury。
⑵“在某世纪”用介词in,如:
inthe20thcentury在20世纪。
二.【重点句型】
1.—Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?
—Yes,I'vejusteatenit.(p6)
2.You'vechanged,Eddie.Youwerekind.Nowyou'renot.Idon'twanttoplaywithyouanymore.
3.You'vechangedtoo.Youalwayswantedtoplaywithme.→always+过去式=usedtodosth
4.Coacheshavebeeninuse/serviceinBeijingsince1958.→havebeeninuse=havebeenused
5.ImovedherewithmyfamilywhenIwastwoyearsoldandhavelivedheresincethen.(p8)
6.Haveyouevermovedhouse?
→movehouse搬家
7.Welivedtill1965,whenIgotmarried.→getmarried结婚→get/bemarriedtosb与某人结婚
〈知识链接〉⑴marrysb与某人结婚,e.g.Shemarriedafootballplayer.⑵marrysbtosb把某人嫁给某人,e.g.Hemarriedhisdaughtertoanactor.⑶get/bemarriedtosb和某人结婚,e.g.YaoMinggotmarriedtoYeLi
on6August,2007.⑷表示“已经结婚”用have/hasgotmarried,表示“已经结婚多久”用have/hasbeenmarried
for+时间段或since+时间点。
e.g.①Theyhavegotmarried.②Theyhavebeenmarriedfor5years.不能说成Theyhavegotmarriedfor5years.
〈用法拓展〉marriagen.婚姻e.g.Theywillcelebratetheirfiftyyearsofmarriagenextmonth.
8.HasSunshineTownchangedalotovertheyears?
→changealot变化大
〈知识链接〉overtheyears=inthelast/pastyears这些年来,这是现在完成时的一个标志。
9.Thereoncewasashoefactory….→Thereoncewas/were…=Oncetherewas/were…从前有…。
10.Later,thegovernmentrealizeditwasaveryseriousproblemandtookactiontoreducethepollution.→take
actiontodosth采取行动做某事,reducethepollution减少污染(p9)
〈知识链接〉⑴action①(拍摄影视时用语)开始②动作,e.g.actionfilm动作片,actionstar动作明星
⑵averyseriousproblem非常严重的问题→problem(需要着手解决的)问题;难题,question(需要回答的)问题
e.g.solveaMathsproblem,answermyquestion
11.Itisdifferentforhimtoseesomeofthemasoftenasbefore.(p12)
〈知识链接〉⑴Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth.⑵asoftenasbefore像以前一样经常→as…as…
12.Thingshavechangedalotovertheyears.=Greatchangeshavetakenplaceovertheyears.
13.WhenIwasinprimaryschool,mymothertookmetoschool.→takesbtoschool送某人上学
14.Ihavethesamefeelingtoo.Doyousometimesstayafterschooltochatwithfriends?
(p19)
15.ThechangestoMoonlightTownhavebroughtadvantages,buttheyhavealsocausedmanyproblemsfor
people.(p22)
〈知识链接〉⑴bringadvantagesto…给…带来好处,advantage优点;有利条件→disvantage缺点;不利条件
⑵causeproblemsfor…给…带来麻烦
Unit2
一.【精选词汇】
㈠重点短语
1.goonatriptoSouthHill→goonatripto…去某地旅游(p24)
2.takeyououtforafewdays带你出去玩几天→takesbout带某人出去
3.gohiking,goskiing→go+v-ing去做某事,see/enjoythebeautifulview观看/欣赏美景(p25)
4.asymbolofJapan→thesymbolof…的象征,e.g.Redisthesymbolofdanger.红色是危险的象征。
5.haveareallyfantastictime=haveagood/great/wonderfultime=havefun=enjoyoneself(p26)
6.attheentrance在入口处→attheexit在出口处
7.moveathighspeed高速运转→ataspeedof…以…的速度,ataspeedof100kmanhour
8.screamandlaughthroughthewholeride→through从物体的内部穿过
9.afastfoodrestaurant快餐店→fastfood快餐,国际著名快餐店:
KFC肯德基,McDonald's麦当劳
10.clapandstreamwithjoy高兴地拍手尖叫→介词短语withjoy相当于副词修饰动词。
(p27)
11.watchathree-Dfilm,watchfireworks,lookshinyandbeautifulunderthefireworks
12.inall总共;共计→firstofall首先
13.screamwithexcitement兴奋地尖叫→withexcitement=excitedly激动地;兴奋地(p28)
〈知识链接〉excite→excited兴奋的→exciting令人兴奋的;扣人心弦的;刺激的→excitementn.激动,兴奋→withexcitement=excitedly,beexcitedabout(doing)sth对…兴奋
14.areallydelightfulholidayandameaningfulexperience一个高兴的假期、一次有意义的经历
〈知识链接〉experience⑴n.(C)经历;e.g.HehadapleasantexperienceinHongKonglastyear.
⑵n.(U)经验→experiencedadj.经验丰富的,haveexperiencein(doing)sth=beexperiencedin(doing)sth在某方面有经验,e.g.①HehasexperienceinteachingEnglish.=HeisexperiencedinteachingEnglish.②DrMa
hasmuchexperienceineyeoperations.=DrMaisexperiencedineyeoperations.③ChowYunFatisan
experiencedactor.Hehasactedinmanyactionfilms.
15.buyagiftformyparents→buysthforsb=buysbsth(gift比present高雅)(p33)
16.travelabroad到国外旅游→goabroad出国,e.g.Hehasgoneabroadforfurtherstudies.(p35)
17.duringthisMayDayholiday在“五一”假期里→during是介词,后面不能接句子。
18.threeandahalfhours三个半小时→one/anhour一小时,halfanhour半小时→oneandahalfhours一个半小时,twoandahalfhours两个半小时(p38)
19.haveabird's-eyeviewofHongKong→haveabird's-viewof…鸟瞰;俯视
20.amoderncityoftallbuildingswithlightsshiningintheevening高楼林立、灯火辉煌的现代化城市→with
lightsshining作后置定语,lights与shining是主动关系。
〈用法拓展〉Hesleepswithwindowsclosed.
21.theculturalcentreofHongKong香港的文化中心→theculturalcentre文化中心
〈知识链接〉culturen.文化→culturaladj.文化的e.g.①popularculture大众文化②Veniceisabeautifulcity
fullofcultureandhistory.威尼斯是一座具有深厚文化和历史底蕴的美丽城市。
〈用法拓展〉nature→natural,centre→central
22.agoodplacetobuythings,enjoythatdaymost,havegreatfun,aseafoodrestaurant,dessertsandsnacks,enjoyourtriptoHongKong
㈡词汇解析
1.populartouristattractions(旅游胜地):
MountFuji富士山,theGreatWall,theLeaningTowerofPisa比萨斜塔,theLittleMermaid小美人鱼,theStatueofLiberty自由女神像,theTowerBridge伦敦塔桥,BigBen大本钟,theGrandPalace(泰国)大王宫,thePattayaBeach(泰国)芭堤雅海滩,OceanPark(香港)海洋公园,WindowoftheWorld(深圳)世界之窗。
(p25)
2.HongKongDisneyland(香港迪士尼乐园)的四大主题公园(themepark):
MainStreetUSA(美国小镇大街),
Tomorrowland(明日世界),Fantasyland(幻想世界),Adventureland(探险世界)。
3.⑴cheerful→cheerless,colourful→colourless,careful→careless,hopeful→hopeless
meaningful→meaningless,helpful→helpless,harmful→harmless,useful→useless
⑵delightful,wonderful,successful⑶endless,noiseless=quiet
二.【重点句型】
1.Itmustbefun.CanIjoinyou?
一定很有趣。
我能和你一起去吗?
(p24)
〈知识链接〉⑴情态动词must(表示推测)一定,用于肯定句,反义词:
can't不可能。
may可能,maynot可能不。
Probably,Perhaps,Maybe都是副词,通常用于句首。
⑵joinsb和某人一起做某事,e.g.KittyjoinedthemintheDisneyparade.
2.Ihaven'tseenyousincelastmonth.→see是瞬间动词(p26)
〈知识链接〉瞬间动词与表示一段时间的词同时出现在现在完成时的否定句中,不能变为延续性动词。
3.ImetmanyofmyfavouriteDisneycharacters,suchasSleepingBeauty,SnowWhite,AliceandCinderella,
MickeyMouseandallhisfriendswerealltheretoo.
4.Icouldn'tstoptakingphotoswiththem.→can't/couldn'tstopdoingsth禁不住做某事
〈知识链接〉can't/couldn'thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事,can't/couldn'twaittodosth迫不及待做某事。
〈用法拓展〉stopdoingsth停止做某事,stoptodosth停下来去做某事。
5.Theperformersallworedifferentcostu