自考英语二教材课文讲义unit8.docx
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自考英语二教材课文讲义unit8
Unit8TheGreatMinds
TheGreatMinds
名人名言部分补充makeAofB
Afamousquote
Apessimistmakesdifficultiesofhisopportunities;anoptimistmakesopportunitiesofhisdifficulties.----HarryS.Truman
悲观者让机会沦为困难;乐观者把困难铸成机会。
----杜鲁门
makeAofB
makeasuccessofone'scareer
makeamusicianofthelittleboy
Thefatherexposedhissontomusicwhenhewasstillalittlechildbecausedhewantedtomakeamusicianofhim.
exposesb./oneselftosth.
Don'texposeyourselftothestrongsunlight,oryouwillgetsunburnt.
联想:
sunburnt/suntanned
gainexposuretosth.
makeafootballerofTom
makeamessoftheaccount
I.Newwordsandexpressions
Newwords
1.wrapv.用…缠绕(或围紧)
2.scenarion.设想;方案;预测
3.explanation n.解释;说明
explain
explanatory
4.uneventfuladj.平淡无奇的;平凡的;缺乏刺激的
5.pregnancyn.怀孕;妊娠;孕期
6.imperfect adj.有缺陷的;不完全的;不完美的
perfect
perfection
联想:
impossible,impolite,imbalanced,immobile,immature(注意:
unbiased,unmoving)
7.abnormal adj.不正常的;反常的;变态的;畸形的
normal
联想:
typical-atypical
symmetry-asymmetry
symmetrical-asymmetrical
8.massiveadj.巨大的;非常严重的
9.disability n.(某种)缺陷,障碍
able
ability
unable
10.limbless adj.无四肢的
11.inspire v.激励;鼓舞(用法参考Unit5,TextA)
inspiration(形近词参考Unit4,TextA)
inspiring
12.adapt v.适应(新情况)
adaptoneselftosth.
13.accomplish v.完成
14.limbn.肢;臂;腿
15.campaign运动(为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)
16.fulfill v.实现;履行
fulfillone'sdream/word/requirement
fulfilling使人满足的,令人愉快的
fulfillment履行;满足;成就
17.motivationaladj.鼓舞的
18.circumstancen.命运;客观环境
19.wholeheartedlyadv.全心全意地
20.effective adj.产生预期结果的;有效的
比较:
efficient
ineffective,inefficient
21.altitude n.海拔;海拔高度
altitudesickness
区分:
attitude
22.engagementn.约定;约会;预约
23.congregationn.(教堂的)会众
24.audiencen.观众;听众
25.visionn.想象力;眼力;远见卓识
26.outreachn.外展服务
27.perspectiven.态度;观点;思考方法
28.ceasev.(使)停止,终止,结束
29.obstaclen.障碍;阻碍;绊脚石
30.illustratev.(用示例、图画等)说明,解释
31.profoundadj.巨大的;深切的;深远的
32.persistence n.坚持;锲而不舍
persist(in)
persistent
33.paralyzev.使瘫痪;使麻痹
34.oftentimesadv.常常
35.trick n.戏法;把戏
tricky
36.blendn.(不同事物的)和谐结合,融合
37.perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神(偶见perseverence,但很少使用)
persevere
perseverant(偶见perseverent,但很少使用)
38.define v.阐明;明确;界定
definition
definite明确的,确定的
39.incredible adj.不能相信的;难以置信的
unbelievable
40.captivatev.迷住;使着迷
PhrasesandExpressions
1.awalkoflife 行业;职业;地位;阶层
lineofwork
2.majorin 主修
3.stresstheimportanceof强调…的重要性
4.atone'sdisposal 任某人处理;供某人任意使用
5.pokefunat拿…开心;奚落;嘲笑
6.showoff炫耀;卖弄
II.TextLearning
LifeWithoutLimits
①Imaginebeingbornwithoutarms.Noarmstowraparoundsomeone,nohandstoexperiencetouch,ortoholdanotherhandwith.Orwhataboutbeingbornwithoutlegs?
Havingnoabilitytodance,walk,run,orevenstandontwofeet.Nowputbothofthose scenarios(设想)together:
noarmsandnolegs.Whatwouldyoudo?
Howwouldthateffectyoureverydaylife?
②Bornin1982inMelbourne,Australia,withoutany medical explanation orwarning,NicholasVujiciccameintotheworldwithneitherarmsnorlegs.
(1)Havinghadanuneventfulpregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition,imaginetheshockhisparentsfeltwhentheysawtheirfirstborn,brandnewbabyboy, onlytofind hewaswhattheworldwouldconsiderimperfectandabnormal. Howwouldtheirsonliveanormalhappylife?
Whatcouldheeverdoorbecomewhenlivingwithwhattheworldwouldseeassucha massivedisability(严重残疾)?
(2)Littledidtheyoranyoneknowthatthisbeautifullimblessbabywouldonedaybesomeonewhowouldinspireandmotivatepeoplefrom allwalksoflife,touchinglivesallovertheworld.
本部分重点及难点:
1.Havinghadan uneventful(平凡的)pregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition,imaginetheshockhisparentsfeltwhentheysawtheirfirstborn,brandnewbabyboy, onlytofind hewas whattheworldwouldconsider imperfectandabnormal.
(1)悬垂分词。
建议换成:
Havinghadanuneventfulpregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition,hisparentsfeltgreatshockwhentheysaw….Canyouimaginetheshock?
以下是可以接受的悬垂分词形式:
Strictlyspeaking,nobodyisallowedinhere.
Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromtheSouth.
经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有:
frankly(broadly,generally,strictly…)speaking,judgingfrom/by…,talkingabout…,speakingof…等。
某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语,但可能是句中的另外某一成分,对这样的句子也可以不认为是"悬垂分词"。
课文中的这个句子属于这种情况。
再如:
Seeingherhealthsinkingrapidly,alarmclutchedthefather'sheart.她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化,很是惊慌。
切记:
该结构应慎用。
(2)onlytofind…不定式表示结果。
不定式表结果时通常前面需要加only,表示出乎意料的不希望看到的结果。
例如:
Theyrushedtothecinema,onlytofindtheticketsleftathome.
Theyhurriedbackhome,onlytofindthedoorlocked.
Theywenttothehospitalwithoutanydelay,onlytobetoldtheirbelovedgrandpahadalreadypassedaway.
(3)whattheworldwouldconsider作插入语
(4)译文:
在经历了一段平静无事的孕期,而且没有任何家族病史预示的情况下,我们可以想象得到当时他的父母看到这个刚出生的小男孩时会是多么地震惊,只知道他就是世人所说的缺陷和不正常。
2.Littledidtheyoranyoneknowthatthisbeautifullimblessbabywouldonedaybesomeonewhowouldinspireandmotivatepeoplefromallwalksoflife,touchinglivesallovertheworld.
(1)否定词放在句首句子倒装,如rarely,seldom,innocase,bynomeans,little,hardly等。
(2)whowouldinspireandmotivatepeoplefromallwalksoflife定语从句,先行词是someone。
(3)touchinglivesallovertheworld现在分词作状语,修饰inspireandmotivatepeople。
(4)译文:
当时他们不知道而且也没有任何一个人知道,这个漂亮的无手足的小男孩有一天会启发激励社会各阶层的人,并且感动全世界的人们。
请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!
【单选题】16.Hereturnedtoworkafterrecoveryfromhisillness,_______anotheremployeehadtakenhisplace.
∙A.onlytotell
∙B.onlytobetold
∙C.onlytobetelling
∙D.tobetold
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查不定式表示结果。
不定式表结果时通常前面需要加only,表示出乎意料的不希望看到的结果。
本句的意思是"他生病痊愈返回了工作岗位,结果却被告知另一个雇员接替了他的岗位",故选B。
【知识点】不定式表示结果
③AsNickgrewuphelearnedtodealwithhisdisabilityandstartedtobeabletodomoreandmorethings onhisown.Headaptedtohissituationandfoundwaystoaccomplishtasksthatmostpeoplecouldonlydobyusingtheirlimbs,suchascleaningteeth,brushinghair,typingonacomputer,swimming,playingsports,andmuchmore. Astimewentby,Nickbegantoembracehissituationandachievegreaterthings.(承上启下句)IngradesevenNickwaselectedcaptainofhisschoolandworkedwiththe studentcouncil(学生会)onvariousfund-raisingeventsforlocalcharitiesanddisabilitycampaigns.
④AfterschoolNickwentonwith furtherstudy andobtaineda doublebachelordegreemajoringinaccountingandfinancialplanning.Bytheageof19,Nickstartedtofulfillhisdreamofencouragingothersbysharinghisstorythrough motivationalspeaking(励志演讲).Hefoundthepurposeofhis existence,andalsothepurposeofhiscircumstance.Nickwholeheartedlybelievesthat thereisapurposein eachofthestrugglesweencounterinourlivesandthatourattitudetowardsthosestrugglescanbethesinglemosteffectivefactorinovercomingthem.
⑤Nowat27yearsold,thislimblessyoungmanhasaccomplishedmorethan mostpeopleeventwicehisage.Nickrecentlymadethemassivemovefrom Brisbane,AustraliatoCalifornia,USA,whereheisthepresidentofaninternational non-profitorganization(非盈利组织),andalsohashisownmotivationalspeakingcompany, AttitudeIsAltitude.Sincehisfirstmotivational speakingengagement(演讲)backwhenhewas19,Nickhastraveledaroundtheworld,sharinghisstorywithmillionsofpeople,speakingtoarangeofdifferentgroupssuchasstudents,teachers,youth,businessmenandwomen,entrepreneurs,and churchcongregationsofallsizes.PeopleaskNick,"Howcanyousmile?
"(3)Thentheyrealizethere'sgottobesomethingmoretolifethanmeetstheeyeifaguywithoutarmsandlegsislivingafullerlife.
本部分重点及难点:
3.Thentheyrealizethere'sgottobesomethingmoretolifethanmeetstheeyeifaguywithoutarmsandlegsislivingafullerlife.
(1)Thereissomethingto/insth.……有意义,有道理
(2)liveafulllife生活充实
(3)译文:
接着他们意识到,如果一个没有四肢的人过得比普通人更充实,那么人生的含义必定超出了我们目光所及的范畴。
⑥Nickshareswithhisaudiencestheimportanceof visionanddreamingbig.Usinghisownexperiencesinworldwideoutreachasexamples,hechallengesotherstoexaminetheirperspectiveandlookbeyondtheircircumstances.(4)Heshareshisviewofceasingtoseeobstaclesasproblems,butinsteadbegintoseethemasopportunitiestogrowandreachouttoothers. (5)Hestressestheimportanceofourattitudebeingthemostpowerfultoolwehave atourdisposal andillustrateshowthechoiceswemakecanhaveaprofoundeffectonourlivesandthelivesofthosearoundus. (6)Nickshowsthroughhisownlifethatthemajorkeysinfulfillingourbiggestdreamsarepersistenceandchoosingtoembracefailureasalearningexperience,ratherthanallowingtheguiltandfearoffailuretoparalyzeus.
本部分重点及难点:
4.Heshareshisviewofceasingtoseeobstaclesasproblems,butinsteadbegintoseethemasopportunitiestogrowand reachoutto others.
(1)ceasetodosth.停止做某事,不再做某事
(2)see…as…:
lookon/upon…as,view…as,regard…as
(3)reachoutto伸手以抓到、触到或拿到某物
Wemustreachouttothoseinneed.我们应该伸出援手,去帮助有困难的人。
本句reachouttoothers意为"求助于某人"
(4)译文:
他与大家一起分享停止把阻碍看作是麻烦、困难,相反,应该把它们看作是自身成长并接触他人向他人学习的机会。
5.Hestressestheimportanceofourattitudebeingthemostpowerfultoolwehaveatourdisposal andillustrateshowthechoiceswemakecanhaveaprofoundeffectonourlivesandthelivesofthosearoundus.
(1)atourdisposal任某人处理;供某人任意使用
disposal是dispose的名词形式,意为"支配,处理"。
联想:
al为名词后缀,再如:
arrive-arrival,survive-survival,approve-approval,disapprove-disapproval,dismiss-dismissal,deny-denial,refuse-refusal等。
(2)haveaprofoundeffectonsth.对……产生深远的影响
(3)译文:
他强调态度是我们可以支配的最强大的工具,阐明了我们作出的选择如何对我们自身乃至周围人的生活产生深远的影响。
6.Nickshowsthroughhisownlifethatthemajorkeysinfulfillingourbiggest