最新职称英语《理工类》B级真题及答案.docx

最新职称英语《理工类》B级真题及答案.docx

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最新职称英语《理工类》B级真题及答案

职称英语《理工类》B级真题及答案

第一部分：

词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent.

A.real

B.honest

C.normal

D.wealthy

答案：

D

2.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.

A.hidden

B.traditional

C.inflexible

D.official

答案：

C

3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.

A.furnish

B.copy

C.publish

D.summarize

答案：

A

4.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-down.

A.excitement

B.disappointment

C.anger

D.calm

答案：

B

5.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.

A.cleaned

B.replaced

C.fixed

D.broken

答案：

D

6.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.

A.pains

B.parts

C.aspects

D.results

答案：

A

7.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport.

A.major

B.large

C.successful

D.commercial

答案：

C

8.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.

A.homework

B.justice

C.model

D.act

答案：

D

9.Heledaverymorallife.

A.human

B.intelligent

C.natural

D.honourable

答案：

D

10.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.

A.sincere

B.respectful

C.empty

D.terrible

答案：

C

11.Itwasamajicnightuntilthespellwasbroken.

A.time

B.charm

C.space

D.opportunity

答案：

B

12.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.

A.started

B.changed

C.moved

D.lasted

答案：

D

13.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.

A.discover

B.prove

C.consider

D.imagine

答案：

A

14.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.

A.veryuseful

B.verylimited

C.quitegood

D.ratherspecial

答案：

B

15.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.

A.limit

B.regulate

C.oppose

D.support

答案：

D

　SoMany‘Earths’

TheMilkyWay（银河）containsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlife　that’sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA’stop　planet-huntingtelescope.

AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Kepler　hadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdata　havebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.The　telescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseon　Earth.

Theauthorsofastudy,publishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof　sciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassand　temperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.

SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth’s,butnomorethantwice　thatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar’shabitablezone.That’swherethe　surfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.

Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfrom　studyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolate（推算）totherestofthestarsthatthe　telescopecouldnotsee.

Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwould　defineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfar　awayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike（althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistant　past）.Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100　SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400　daystocompleteayearlyorbit.

Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn’tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,　however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswitha　changeforlife.

16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

C

17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth’s.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

A

18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

B

19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun’shabitablezone.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

A

20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

B

21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

A

22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：

C

　ClimateChange:

TheLongReach

1.Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There‘smorecarbonintheair,andArcticice　ismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmentto　bettergauge（评估）.Earth’sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.

2.Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxide　released,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,　thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears-andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.

3.Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat’sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.　Duringthattime,changesintheplanet’senvironmentcouldnudge（推动）globalwarming　evenhigher.Forexample:

Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,　sunlightcannowreach--andwarm–theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheair　temperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggeration　ofimpactsiscalleda‘fastfeedback’.

4.Zeebesaysit’simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they’relimited.　Fromaclimatechangeperspective,‘Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenext　fewgenerations’,hetoldScienceNews“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100”.Forhisnew　study.Zeebehowfocuseson“slowfeedbacks”.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife---astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas---aretwoexamplesof　slowfeedbacks.

5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Then　hecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius（8.1degree　Fahrenheit）changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃--　fora6totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafter　peoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

23.Paragraph2________答案：

B

24.Paragraph3________答案：

C

25.Paragraph4________答案：

F

26.Paragraph5________答案：

A

A.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange

B.Impactofburningfossilfuels

C.Fastfeedbacks

D.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses

E.Risingofsealevels

F.Slowfeedbacks

27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin_______答案：

F

28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach________答案：

E

29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing________答案：

D

30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor________答案：

B

A.rapidexaggerationofimpacts

B.averylongtime

C.theextraheat

D.previouslypublishedstudies

E.theexposedground

F.recordedhistory

　第四部分：

阅读理解

短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇Eye-trackerLotsYouDragandDropFileswithaGlance

Boredofusingamouse?

Soonyou’llbeabletochangestuffonyourcomputerscreen–andthenmoveitdirectlyontoyoursmartphoneortablet（平板电脑）–withnothingmorethanaglance.

AsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject–aphoto,say–andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.Itcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoatabletorsmartphonejustbyglancingattheseconddevice,aslongasthetwoareconnectedwirelessly.

“Thebeautyofusinggazetosupportthisisthatoureyesnaturallyfocusoncontentthatwewanttoacquire,“saysJaysonTurner,whodevelopedthesystemwithcolleaguesatLancasterUniversity,UK.

TurnerbelievesEyeDropwouldbeusefultotransferaninteractivemaporcontactinformationfromapublicdisplaytoyoursmartphoneorforsharingphotos.

Abuttonneedstobeusedtoselecttheobjectyouarelookingatotherwiseyouendupwiththe“Midastouch”（点石成金）effect,wherebyeverythingyoulookatgetsselectedbyyourgaze,saysTurner.“Imagineifyourmouseclickedoneverythingitpointedat,”hesays.

ChristianHolz,aresearcherinhuman-computerinteractionatYahooLabsinSunnyvale,California,saysthesystemisanicetakeongettingroundthisfundamentalproblemofusinggaze-trackingtointeract.“EyeDropsolvesthisinaslick（灵巧的）waybycombiningitwithinputonthetouchdeviceswecarrywithusmostofthetimeanywayandusingtouchinputasaclutchingmechanism,”hesays.“Thisnowallowsuserstoseamlessly（无缝地）interactacrossdevicesfarandcloseinaverynaturalmanner.”

Whilecurrenteye-trackersareratherbulky,mainstreamconsumerdevicesarenottoofaraway.SwedishfirmTobiiisdevelopinggaze-trackingtechnologythatcanbeinstall