英语高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析
【英语】高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Plasticsludge（污泥）andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”
Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”
Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.
China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon（黎巴嫩）.ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.
（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.
B. Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.
C. TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.
D. Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?
A. Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines. B. Theplasticparticles.
C. Seafood. D. Fattytissues.
（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A. AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.
B. Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.
C. Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,
D. Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.
（4）Whichmay bethetitleofthepassage?
A. PlasticpollutionintheWorld.
B. Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.
C. Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.
D. Plasticpollutionandourhealth.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。
（1）细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句：
AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。
故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。
根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthesea，whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是塑料颗粒。
故选B。
（3）推理判断题。
根据ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。
故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。
阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：
段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Automaticdishwashershavebeenaroundformorethan100years.Itstartedin1886withJosephineCochrane,awomaninShelbyville,Illinois.Shewasarichwomanwhocouldaffordservantstowashherdishes,soshereallydidn'tmindthework.Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.
Finally,Cochranetookaction.First,shemeasuredherdishesandbentwireintorackstoholdthem.Next,sheputtheracksonawheelinalargecopperboiler.Then,theboilersprayedhot,soapywateronthedishesasamotorturnedthewheel.Afterahotwaterrinse（冲洗）,thedisheswereclean!
JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.Afterthat,wordgotoutfast.Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested.Cochranethenknewthatshehadawonderfulmachine,soshereceivedapatentfromthegovernment,whichsaidthatonlytheinventorcanmakemoneyfromaninvention.Thenin1893ChicagoheldaWorld'sFairwhereinventionsfromallovertheworldwereshown.Cochrane'slabor-savingmachinewasabighit.Herdishwasherwonthehighestaward.
Cochrane'scompanycameoutwithasmallermachinein1914.Itwassupposedtobefortheordinaryhome,butitwasn'tanimmediatesuccess.Manyhomescouldn'tproducetheextremelyhotwateritneeded.Also,inmosthomes,dishwashingwasn'tconsideredverydifficultcomparedtomostotherhousework.Infactsomepeoplelikedtorelaxatthesinkafterahardday!
Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.
（1）WhydidJosephineCochraneinventthedishwasher?
A.Toreducethenumberofservants.
B.Toavoidpossibledamagetothedishes.
C.Tohostmoredinnerparties.
D.Tomakethedishescleaner.
（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsinParagraph3suggest?
A.Themachinewasn'tasefficientasdescribed.
B.JosephineCochranecouldnolongerkeepitasecret.
C.Josephine'sfriendssoonbegantotalkaboutthenewmachine.
D.Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic.
（3）Thesmallermachinebecamepopularonlywhen_____.
A.people'slivingconditionsimproved
B.hotwaterwasnotneeded
C.houseworkbecameeasier
D.peoplehadmorerelaxingjobs
（4）ComparedwithCochrane'sinvention,modernelectricdishwashers_____.
A.costlessmoney
B.arequitedifferent
C.washmanyotherthings
D.aremuchthesame
【答案】
（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自动洗碗机的历史由来。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.”她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。
她举办了几次宴会，每次宴会之后，仆人们都打破了她昂贵的餐具。
为了避免打破她的餐具，后来JosephineCochrane发明了自动洗碗机，故选B。
（2）考查句义猜测。
根据第三段中的“JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.”JosephineCochrane的朋友们对这台机器印象深刻，并要求她建造更多；以及“Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested. ”不久，不喜欢打破餐具的酒店和餐馆老板也对这个机器感兴趣。
根据划线句子的前后两句可以推断JosephineCochrane发明自动洗碗机的消息传播的很快，也就表明了Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic这项发明立即引起了公众的注意。
故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.”在20世纪50年代，当人们有更多的钱，希望有更多的时间来享受时，这种家用模式的销售终于恢复了。
也就是人们的生活条件提高了，自动洗碗机才流行起来，故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.”现在，许多家庭都有电动洗碗机，与100多年前JosephineCochrane发明的洗碗机没有太大的不同，因此现代洗碗机和JosephineCochrane发明的洗碗机几乎一样，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
MicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.
MicheleownsExLibrisCafeinPolla,asmalltowninsouthernItaly.Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogrambecausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment.
"Mygoalist0spreadthepassionandloveforbooksamongthosepeopleinItalywhodonotusuallyreadwhileatthetimehelpingtheenvironment,"Gentileexplained.
Theideafortheinitiative（倡议）cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddleschoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.Workingtogether,theschoolchildrenandGentilecollectedenoughcanstopurchasebooksforanentireclassroom.HisnewprogramtooofffromthereandhasalreadyspreadintonorthernItaly:
Gentile'shopeshisworkwillcontinuetomakeheadlinesandbecomeaworldwideinitiative.
ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea"suspended"book.TheideacomesfromaWorldWarIIpracticeinwhichcustomerswouldbuytwoCoffees:
oneforthemselvesandanotherforthenextpersoninline.Gentilehasbeenusingtheextrabooksaspartofhisrecyclinginitiative,
WhileGentile'sprogramisagreatwaytorecycleandgetkidstoread,italsobringsawarenesstothegrowingproblemofplasticwaste.Single-useplasticsmakeuparound26percentofalltheplasticsintheworld,only14percentofwhicharerecycled.Plasticsthatendupinlandfillstakearound500yearstodecompose（分解）,isamajorconcernforenvironmentalists.
Cuttingdownonplasticwasteisimportantifwewanttobettertheenvironmentforfuturegenerations,andrecyclingprogramslikeGentile'sbookgiveawayareagreatwaytomeetthatgoal.
（1）WhatisthepurposeofGentile'sbookgiveaway?
A.Tosellmorecoffee
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