TPO25 听力文本完整修订版.docx

TPO25 听力文本完整修订版.docx

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TPO25听力文本完整修订版

TPO25ListeningScript

Conversation1

Narrator

Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandhisacademicadvisor.

Professor

Hi,Mark.WhatcanIdoforyou?

Student

Iamjustfillingoutthisapprovalforgraduationformforthedean'soffice,andIdon'tknow,IhopeIwillbeabletograduatenextsemester.

Professor

Well,aslongasyou'vemetthedepartmentalrequirementsandyousubmittheformontime,youshouldn'thaveanyproblem.Makesureyouincludealltheclassesyouwillhavetakenforyourdegreeinfinanceandtheelectivestoo.

Student

Yeah,butasIlookovertheform,Igotconfusedbecauseoftheway,um...they'vechangedtherequirements.SonowIamnotsureIwillqualifytograduatenextsemester.IknowIwouldhavebefore,undertheoldrequirements.

Professor

Well,whenthebusinessdepartmentchangedthecurriculumtoincludemorecoursesininternationalbusiness,to...well,becauseoftheincreasingglobalizationofbusiness.Wemadesurethatstudentswhohavefinishedtheirsecondyear,thatis,thosewhoareintheirthirdorfourthyear,wouldn'tbeaffected.Thenewrulesonlyappytostudentsintheirfirstorsecondyear.

Student

That'sgoodtoknow.Uh...thedepartment'shiringnewfacultytooIheard,toteachsomeofthenewcourses.ButIwantto...

Professor

Yes.Onenewfacultymemberhasbeenhired.ShewillbeteachingInternationalBankingasamatteroffact.

Student

Actually,that'swhatIwanttoaskabout-InternationalBanking.ItookInternationalBankingI,butInevertookInternationalBankingII.ItusedtobethatthesecondsemesterofInternationalBankingwasanelective,butnowitsaysit'sarequiredclass.

Professor

Yes.Butthat'soneoftherecentchanges.So...

Student

Oh,Oh,OK.Oh.And...andIamplanningtotakeamanagementcoursenextsemester,butIdon'tknowifit's...ifitwillcounttowardmymajor.

Professor

What'sthecourse?

Student

OrganizationalBehavior.

Professor

Yes.Thatwillcounttowardyourmajor.That'sadifficultclass,youknow.Butwellworthit.Soitlookslikeyouwillhavealltherequiredclassesyouneed.Youshouldbejustfine.

Uh...Iassumeyouhavetakenaseminar?

Student

Yeah,Itookthemarketingseminar.

Professor

OK.Youarelookinggood.Justtobeonthesafeside,whydon'tyoutalktosomeoneinthedean'sofficebeforeyougivethemtheform.

Student

OK.SoshouldIjustexplaintothemthateventhoughoneoftheseclassesgotchangedfromanelectivetoarequiredclass,Idon'thavetotakeit?

Professor

Yes.You'vemettherequirementsforgraduation.Andifthere'ssomethingIneedtodo...ifIneedtowritealetterorwhatever,justletmeknow.

Student

OK.Thanks.I'llletyouknowifIneedthatletter.

Lecture1-ConservationBiology（AssistedMigration）

Narrator

ListentopartofalectureinaConservationBiologyclass.

Professor

Oneconsequenceofglobalwarmingisextinction.There'scompellingevidencethatglobalwarmingwillbeasignificantdriverofmanyplantandanimalextinctionsinthiscentury.Soweareconsideringvariousstrategiestohelpsomethreatenedspeciessurvivethisunprecedented,thiswarmingtrend,whichasyouknow,iscausedmainlybygreenhousegasesproducedbytheburningoffossilfuels.Um...themostradicalstrategybeingdebatedamongconservationbiologistsisassistedmigration.Assistedmigrationmeanspickingupmembersofaspecies,ormembersofagroupofinterdependentspeciesandphysicallymovingortranslocatingthem.

Um...translocatingthreatenedspeciestoacoolerplace,tohigherlatitudesorhigherelevations,forexample.

Now,migrationisanaturalsurvivalstrategy.Overthepasttwomillionyears,colderglacialperiodshavealternatedwithwarmerinterglacialperiods.Andso,urn,inresponsetothesegradualclimaticswings,somespecieshaveshiftedtheirrangeshundredsofkilometers.

Soperhapsyouarewonderingwhynotletnaturetakeitscoursenow?

Well,wecan't.Themainproblemistoday'sfragmentedhabitats.Duringpreviousinterglacialperiods,whenglaciersretreated,theyleftbehindopenlandintheirwakes.Todayhumandevelopmenthaspavedovermuchofthenaturalworld.Ecosystemsarefragmented.Housingdevelopments,highwaysandcitieshavereplacedorslicedthroughwithouthelp.Soconservationistsaretryingtosaveasmanythroughwithouthelp.Soconservationistsaretryingtosaveasmanyspeciesaspossible.

Now,assistedmigrationcoulabecomeaviablepartofourrescuestrategy,butthereareanumberofuncertaintiesandrisks.Withoutmoreresearch,wecan'tpredictifassistedmigrationwillworkforanygivenspecies.Atranslocatedspeciescoulddieoutfromlackoffoodforexample.Attheotherextreme,wemightsuccessfullytranslocatethespecies,butwithinfiveortenyearsthatspeciescouldproliferateandbecomeaninvasivespecies.Likeanon-nativeplantthatchokesoutnativeplantsbyhoggingthenutrientsinthesoil.Translocatedanimalscanbecomeinvasivetoo.IthappenedinAustralia.Thecanetoadwasintroducedbackin1935tocontrolaninsectpestthatwasdestroyingAustralia'ssugarcaneplantations.Butthecanetoaditselfbecameapestandhasdestroyedmuchofthewildlifeonthatcontinent.

Also,manyspeciesareinterdependent,intimatelyconnectedtooneanother.Likeanimalsthateatacertainplantandthatplantreliesonacertainfungustohelpitgetnutrientsfromsoilandonacertaininsectforpollination.Weprobablyhavetotranslocateentirenetworksofspeciesandit'shardtoknowwheretodrawtheline.

Andinadditiontoallthat,itisnotevenclearthatassistedmigrationoranymigrationforthatmatter,willhelpatleastforsomespecies.Earthwasalreadyinoneofitswarminterglacialperiodswhenwestartedburningfossilfuels.Andinthetwenty-firstcentury,globaltemperaturesareexpectedtorisetwotosixdegrees.Thatrateofheatingisfargreaterthanduringthelastglacialretreatsome12,000yearsago.

Um...whethertouseassistedmigration,thisdebateismostlywithinthebiologycommunityrightnow.Buttheultimatedecision-makers,intheUnitedStatesatleast,willbethegovernmentagenciesthatmanagenaturalresources.Assistedmigrationreallyneedsthislevelofoversightandsoon.Currentlythere'snopublicpolicyonusingassistedmigrationtohelpspeciessurviveclimatechange.Peoplearen'tevenrequiredtoseekpermitstomoveplantsorinvertebrateanimalsaroundaslongastheyarenotclassifiedaspests.Inonecase,agroupofconservationistshasalreadytakenituponitselftotryontheirowntosaveanendangeredtree,theFloridaTorreyatree,throughassistedmigration.There'sonlyaboutathousandFloridaTorreyasleft.Andglobalwarmingisexpectedtosignificantlyreduceoreliminatethistree'shabitat.Sothisconservationgroupwantstotranslocateseedlings,FloridaTorreyaseedlings,500kilometersNorthinordertoexpandthespecies'range.Thegroupbelieveditseffortisjustified,butIandmanyotherbiologistswillbewatchingverycloselyhowthismaverickgroupmakesout,becauselikeIsaid,therecouldbeunintendedconsequences.

Lecture2-MusicHistory（BélaBartók）

Narrator

Listentopartofalectureinamusichistoryclass.

Professor

SoIjustfinishedreviewingyourpapersontheinfluenceofnationalismonthecomposers'music.AndinitiallyIwassurprisednoneofyouchosetowriteaboutBélaBartók,thatisuntilIrememberedwehaven'thadachancetodiscusshiminground-breakingcomposer.

BélaBartókwasaHungarian,whoselifestretchedfromthelatenineteenthcenturytothemiddleoftwentiethcentury.Buthewasnota

fanoftheRomanticstyleofmusicthatwaspopularinhishomelandduringhisyouth.

Student

Wait,Hungarywasn'tacountryin1900,wasit?

Professor

Youareright.Ishouldhavebeenclear.BartokwasborninAustria-Hungary,anationthatbrokeapartwhenhewasaboutfortyyearsold.Actually,thetownwherehewasbornispresentlypartofRomania.Thepoliticalhistoryofthatregioniscomplex.SufficetosaythatBartokisgenerallyknownasaHungariancomposer.

SoduringBartok'syouth,themusicplayedintheconcerthallsofAustria-HungarywasdominatedbyRomanticpiecesbymostlyGermancomposers.WediscussedtheRomanticstylelastweek.Thesepieceswerelongandlyrical.Theyweremeanttohaveasortofgrandeuraboutthem.Andintheearly1900s,composerswhoworkedintheRomanticstylewerethemostpopularinAustria-Hungary.ButBartok,hewaspartofthemusicalcommunitythatwastryingtochangethis.Anditledhimto...well,thefirstthingitdidwasleadhimtotravel.Helookedatthesmalltowns,andmusic,well,youcouldsayhediscoveredthemusicthatwaspopularinthoseareas.

Student

Whatdoyoumean?

Professor

Well,allthemusicwehavebeentalkingaboutthepastfewweeks,Itreallywasallinthecities,that'swherethecomposersandtheorchestraswere.Outinremoteareasofthecountryside,inrurallocations,musicwasmoretraditional,thesamesongsthatwereenjoyedbypreviousgenerations.Bartokwentout,hetravelledtoasignificantportionofEasternEuropeactually.Heroamedthecountrysideandlistenedtothemusicheardinsmalltownsandinallsortsofcelebrations.Heattendedweddings,dancesandreligiousceremonies,whereheheardaverydifferentsortofmusicfromtheRomanticstuffbeingplayedintheconcerthallsinthecities.Themusicheheardiswhatwewouldconsiderfolkmusic.

Student

Andthenhehadthosesamesongsplayedintheconcerthalls?

Professor

No.Atfirsthewentaroundtodocumentthefolkmusic.Hereallywantedtomakesurethefolkso