英语高考全国I卷D结合了去年的C篇篇的超分析和对我们的备考启迪.docx
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英语高考全国I卷D结合了去年的C篇篇的超分析和对我们的备考启迪
2021年全国I卷D(结合了去年的C篇)篇的超分析和对我们的备考启迪
全国I卷的难度如何?
完全和去年全国一卷一致(中等难度,优生除作文外错1-5分,中等生或偏上一点的错10-13分)。
考前我本来以为阅读会难一点的。
我一直认为全国I卷的水平是非常高的,一定要反复做,因为全国I卷的命题和选材历年来如出一辙,特别稳定,无论是选材还是命题风格(三套全国I卷模拟下来,肯定就是你的真实水平)。
考前我发了一篇文章专门针对去年的,也涉及到了几篇前几年的。
实际上我有点后悔,因为2020年高考真题只做了两遍,考前细细看了一遍,醍醐灌顶,因为这套真题出的真的太好了,完胜所有的模拟题数个等级,我就不明白我为什么让学生做了那么多模拟题却忽略了明明是身边的这套真题宝藏呢?
正文:
我通过对D篇的详细分析来说明高考命题的特点,当然结合了去年的C篇,这样更加容易理解了。
希望我的分析对你的备考有些启发。
说明文和议论文特点都是:
1.主题:
介绍新事物(新发现、新发明、新现象、新观点、新事情即新闻)
2.解释:
具体解释新事物
3.证据:
例子;数据;实验等
4.总结:
照应首段;展望或评价
前两个必须有。
而证据和解释往往又很难区分,但我们无需细分,只要知道这么回事就可以了。
而解释和证据的模式是:
1.列举因素(肯定有题目,诸如哪一个因素符合以下选项特点)
2.对比不同(肯定有题目,诸如下面哪一个选项是二者不同点)
3.实验例子+结果证实(肯定有题目,譬如这个实验说明了什么?
目的是什么?
)
(2021年全国卷I) D
Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.
Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.
Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.
Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.
32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?
A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.
B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.
C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.
D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.
33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?
A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.
C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.
34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?
A.Itsappealtothepublic. B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.
C.Itspracticalapplication. D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.
(2020年全国卷I) C
Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.
Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.
Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.
However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.
Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.
28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?
A.Theymustrunlongdistances.
B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.
C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.
D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.
29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?
A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.
B.It’slesschallengingphysically.
C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.
D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.
30WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?
A.Gettingexperts’opinions.
B.Havingamedicalcheckup.
C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.
D.Doingregularexercises.
31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective.
C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.
一、分析语篇结构
主题:
Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.
(Popularization和emotionalintelligence的关系)
解释:
由于主题句涉及到两个陌生概念,先解释emotionalintelligence
(1)对比法解释:
两种观点的对比,即人们的错误观点(misunderstand)和研究发现的新观点(researchhasshownthat…)
(2)举例法解释:
用doctor和cheater的例子来说明观点
然后开始解释popularization和emotionalintelligence关系
列举法解释:
(1)anewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotion
(2)helpedboththepublicandresearchers
总结:
提出期待
wehopethat…
Itisourhopethat…
二、解析
(一)针对概念的解释命题
高考中对新概念是必须命题的,命题方式有多种,2020年一卷对C篇的概念命题是:
28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?
这是直接对概念定义命题,而今年是32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?
这是对概念的一种错误定义进行命题。
如何解题?
主要是对定位句的理解,我们来看看定位句:
Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”
这个句子很长,我后面专门说一下,现在新高考对长难句要求是很高的。
这个句子主要两点:
aperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,不能被智商测试衡量的个人性格(makeup),单看这还是不够的,后面又用suchas…特别说明makeup,例子中的列举明显都是积极方面的性格。
所以选D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.
干扰项可能是:
B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.
C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.
B项侧重点是动态的,exercisemind,与定位句静态描述不符合,而且mind也与列举的motivation,character,peopleskills都不符合。
C项把Researchhasshownthatemotionalskills…的说法拿过来干扰,作者本意是:
大众的错误观点里的makeup实际上只有部分才能通过emotionalskills来促成的。
而干扰项说:
makeup包含emotionalskills.
大家也能看出来这种伎俩真是常常被用到的,即把不同观点里的名词拼凑到一起,进行视觉上的干扰(注:
视觉干扰这个说法是镇江汤平老提出来的)。
写到这里,我们不妨也看看去年的命题:
第二段:
Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.
28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?
A.Theymustrunlongdistances.
B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.
C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.
D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.
我们发现正确选项C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.是针对Butthesport’srulesrequirethat…的,而干扰项B是对ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon的描述,实际上这句话是例子,并不是用来说明racewalk,而是作为对比项来反证,因为马拉松不是racewalk,同时干扰项A过于绝对化,must在这个句子里没有体现,只是说racewalk的最长的距离是多少。
通过对比,我们或许可以看出来对概念的解释干扰项命题基本围绕:
错位混淆。
(二)针对概念的解释方法命题
我在考前的文章里这样说的:
而解释和证据的模式是:
1.列举因素(肯定有题目,诸如哪一个因素符合以下选项特点)
2.对比不同(肯定有题目,诸如下面哪一个选项是二者不同点)
3.实验例子+结果证实(肯定有题目,譬如这个实验说明了什么?
目的是什么?
)
这是根据去年的命题特点总结的,再看今年的:
33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?
A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.
C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.
这个题目实际上就是针对上面的第3条。
请细看这一段:
Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.
它的结构就是很普通的:
主题句+支撑句。
第一句明显解释的是何为emotionalintelligence,然后举例说明它的作用。
干扰项C是基于原句说原句,好比展示了几个fact,问目的,回答是为了展示fact,这不是循环论证吗?
问你吃饭为了什么?
你说为了吃饭。
至于其它选项里的rule和prediction都没有提到。
作为比较,我们不妨也看看去年的C篇第二题:
Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.
29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?
A.It’s