高考复习顶层设计英语复习习题选修七题组提分练32.docx
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高考复习顶层设计英语复习习题选修七题组提分练32
题组提分练三十二 选修7 Unit2
限时35分钟 见学生用书P372
加黑体小题训练代词指代题和句意理解题
阅读理解A （2018·银川一中联考） 体裁：
说明文 话题：
健康 难度：
★★☆☆☆
Yourchairisyourenemy.（引入主题）
Itdoesn'tmatterifyougorunningeverymorning,oryou'rearegularatthegym.Ifyouspendmostoftherestofthedaysitting,youareputtingyourselfatincreasedchanceofheartdisease,cancersandanearlydeath.Inotherwords,evenifyouexerciseenergetically,sittingforlongperiodsisbadforyou.
Sowhat'swrongwithsitting?
Oneisthatsittingisoneofthemostpassivethingsyoucando.Youburnmoreenergybychewinggumthanyoudosittingstillinachair.Comparedtositting,standinginoneplaceishardwork.Tostand,youhavetotenseyourlegmuscles,andthemusclesofyourbackandshoulders.Whilestanding,youoftenchangefromlegtoleg.Allofthisburnsenergy.
Formanypeople,weightgainisamatterofslowincrease.Thus,alittlemoretimeonyourfeettodayandtomorrowcaneasilymakethedifferencebetweenremainingthinandgettingfat.Sopartoftheproblemwithsittingalotisthatyoudon'tuseasmuchenergyasthosewhospendmoretimeontheirfeet.Thismakesiteasiertogainweight,andmakesyoumorelikelytosufferfromthehealthproblemsthatfatnessoftenbrings.
Somepeoplehaveadvancedsolutions:
replaceyoursit downdeskwithastand updesk.Makesurethatyourtelevisioncanonlyoperateifyouarepractisingonanexercisebike.Replaceyourofficechairwithatherapy（治疗）ball:
thistoousesmoremuscles,andmoreenergy,thananormalchair,becauseyouhavetosupportyourbackandworktokeepbalanced.Butwhateveryouchoose,knowthis.Itisclear:
becarefulofyourchair.（再次强调主题）
【语篇解读】 即使你每天跑步经常锻炼，久坐也会让你体重逐渐增加，同时增加患心脏病的风险。
记住：
你的椅子对身体无益，少坐一会吧。
1．Themainpurposeofwritingthispassageisto________.
A.suggestsittingless
B.adviseexercisingoften
C.avoidgainingweight
D.escapestandingmore
答案与解析 A 写作意图题。
文章说明久坐的害处和解决久坐问题的办法，目的就是建议人们少坐。
故选项A正确。
2．Fromthispassage,weknowthat________.
A.standingburnsnearlyasmuchenergyassittingstilldoes
B.takingexerciseregularlybutsittingmorewilldogood
C.lessexercisewillreducethechanceofhavingdisease
D.energy burningactivitieswillhelpyouenjoygoodhealth
答案与解析 D 推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容可知经常锻炼，但是久坐对身体不好，久坐会增加患心脏病的风险，故选项B、C错误；第三段说明站立消耗热量，但没有说明站立消耗的热量和坐着不动消耗的热量相同，故选项A错误。
故D项“消耗能量的活动有益健康”正确。
3．Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4refersto________.
A.gainingweightB.burningenergy
C.sittingtoomuchD.standingmore
答案与解析 C 代词指代题。
第四段第三句说明久坐的人比站立时间长的人耗费的能量少。
画线词所在句说明这更容易造成肥胖，故This指代Sittingtoomuch。
故选项C正确。
4．Atherapyballismentionedinthelastparagraphto________.
A.tellustowalkwhileworkingintheoffice
B.suggestawaytosettlethesittingproblem
C.supportourbackandkeepusbalanced
D.provideabettercureforourbackache
答案与解析 B 推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段第一句可知，治疗球是一种解决办法，故选项B正确。
词汇微存 ①regularn．常客；②advancevt.提出
阅读技巧15 就近原则猜代词——代词指代题
指代词汇的猜测（如阅读第3小题）即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前面一句中，或前几句中。
解题时注意：
①返回原文，找出出题的指代词；②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）；③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
常见代词有：
it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代特指的不可数名词或单数可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前面的复数名词。
小题补练
（2017·全国卷Ⅰ·七选五片段）
Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.__38（A）__Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.
__39__Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.
...
A.Thistimetherewasnotent.
B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.
C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.
D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.
E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.
F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.
G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.
答案与解析 F 解此题可运用代词线索法。
一方面，利用代词指代关系，空白处后面的句子里提到的We指代的是选项里面的myfamily。
另一方面，从结构上来说，联系上下文，上文提到的是野营的过程，该空后面提到的具体做法表现出了“我们”对野营的热爱，由此可推知空白处表示野营结束之后的态度。
弄清楚代词We的指代，对解答此题非常重要。
阅读理解B （2018·安阳一模） 体裁：
记叙文 话题：
学校生活 难度：
★★★☆☆
ThesummerbeforeseventhgradeourfamilymovedandIsaidgoodbyetoeverythingthatwasfamiliar.Formyparentsitwasagoodthingbecauseitmeantowningahomeforthefirsttime.ButitmeantthatI'dhavetochangeschoolsandthatputsomebutterfliesinmy_stomach.
Onthefirstdayofschool,kidsjammedtheschoolgrounds.That'swhenImetBarbara.Wemadeanervousconversationandsoonlearnedwewereinthesameclass.Shewasfunnyandwehadalotincommon.Butshewasverycriticalofothersandsometimesofme.Shemadefunofmybushyhair,mybigglassesandtheclothesIwore.Butitseemedasthoughthethingswehadincommonweremoreimportantthantheannoyances.（Barbara虽和作者有许多共同点，有趣但言辞尖刻。
becriticalof“挑剔”）
Thegirlsinthe“popular”crowdhadalsobeenexposedtohersharptongue.Oneday,oneofthegirlsapproachedmewhileIgatheredmybooks.“Wereallylikeyou，”shesaid,“Theonlywayyoucanplaywithus,though,isifyoukeepyourdistancefromBarbara.”
Werethosegirlsonlytryingtomaketroublebetweenthetwoofus?
Wouldtheywatchmedump（抛弃）Barbaraandthendumpmeforlaughs?
FromthecornerofmyeyeIfoundtwooftheothergirlsfromthegroup.Theywerewatchingmeandgiggling（咯咯地笑）.IwonderedifIwascoolenoughforthem.Ididn'twanttomakethechoicetheywereforcingmetomake.SoIshookmyheadandsaid,“Idon'tthinkso.IlikeBarbaraandwe'regoodfriends.”ThenIgatheredmybooksandranaway.
EventhoughBarbarastillannoyedmeattimes,IknewI'ddonetherightthing.I'dmademyowndecisionaboutagirlwhohadbefriendedmewhenIbadlyneededafriend.WhenshemovedthefollowingyearImissedherfriendshipterribly.ButwhatIkepthasneverleftme—myself-respect.
【语篇解读】 作者到了一个新的学校并结交了新朋友。
在此期间，作者在与其他同学的交往中做出了正确的选择保持了自尊。
5．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasemean?
A.Gotmetofeelmoreexcited.
B.Leftmeinastateofdesire.
C.Broughtmemoreexpectation.
D.Mademehaveanervousfeeling.
答案与解析 D 句意理解题。
第一段叙述作者搬家并离开自己熟悉的一切，还要去新学校，故心情应该是紧张的，故选项D正确。
6．WhatdoweknowaboutBarbara?
A.Shewasagirlwithasharptongue.
B.Shewaspopularwithkidsatschool.
C.Sheofferedothershelpincriticalmoments.
D.Shewasverycriticalofherowndress.
答案与解析 A 推理判断题。
根据第三段第一句“beenexposedtohersharptongue”可知，芭芭拉说话尖刻，故选项A正确。
7．Whatwasthewriteraskedtodobyonegirl?
A.Tojointhe“popular”crowd.
B.ToendherfriendshipwithBarbara.
C.ToinviteBarbaratohangoutwiththem.
D.Topretendtobecoolinthe“popular”crowd.
答案与解析 B 细节推断题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“keepyourdistancefromBarbara”可知，一个女孩要求作者远离芭芭拉即终止与芭芭拉之间的友谊，故B项正确。
8．Whatlessondidthewriterlearnfromherexperience?
A.Keepfarawayfromthe“popular”group.
B.Avoidmakingfriendswithanannoyingperson.
C.Keepself-respectinmakingyourowndecisions.
D.Sharecommoninterestwithyourfriends.
答案与解析 C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知作者做出自己的决定保持和芭芭拉之间的友谊并保持了自尊，故选项C正确。
阅读技巧16 意义吻合定句意——句意理解题
句意理解题要求学生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
①返回原文，找到该句，首先理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结；②一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是换了一种表达方式。
阅读理解C （2018·湖北稳派教育联考） 体裁：
说明文 话题：
科普知识与现代技术 难度：
★★★☆☆
Self drivingcarsaresopopularthattheUniversityofMichiganhasevenestablishedatowncalledMcitytoallowcarmanufacturerstosafelytesttheirautonomouscars.
WhileMcitycanbeusedtosimulate（模拟）manyreal liferoadconditions,itcannothelptestgesturesdriversusetocommunicatetheir
intentiontootherdrivers，pedestriansorcyclists.Tofindasolution,UScarmanufacturerFord,withresearchersfromVirginiaTech,initiallyconsideredusingtextasawaytocommunicatethecar'sintention,butdecideditwouldprobablynotworkuniversally.Theoptionofusingsymbolswasalsodiscarded,becauseresearchshowsthatamajorityofpeopledonothaveagoodunderstandingofwhattheymean.（they指代复数名词，利用就近原则可判断出they指代symbols）
Finally,theresearcherssettledonlightsignals.Awhitelightwarnedthattherewerenohumansinthecar.Aslowblinkingoneindicatedthatthecarwascomingtoastop,whilearapidlyflashinglightcautionedpassers bythatthecarwasabouttoaccelerate.（利用speedup替换accelerate）
Thencamethebigchallenge—testingthesignalsonrealroads.“Weneededtotryoutthisnewlightingtocommunicatetheintentionofthevehicle,butifyou'vegotadriverbehindtheseat,youstillhavenaturalcommunicationbetweenhumans，”saidAndyShaudt,wholedtheVirginiaTechresearchteam.“Soweneededtomakeitlooklikeadriverlesscar.”
Theteamdesignedacarseatcostume（服装）thatthedriverwouldweartocoverhis/herfaceandupperbody.Ofcourse,thedriverscouldseeveryclearly.Theresearchersthenequippedthecarwithcamerastocapturehumanreactionstoalightbaronthewindshield（挡风玻璃）,whichflashedoneofthethreesignalswhenappropriate.Sixdrivers,allkeepingtheirhandslowonthewheelsoasnottobedetected,tookturnstotestdrivingthecarthroughthebusystreets.
Theoverallreactiontotheflashinglightswasveryencouraging.WhoknewcostumescouldbeusefulformorethanHalloween?
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普文。
目前世界上各大汽车制造厂商竞相开发无人驾驶汽车，为此Michigan大学还专门建造了无人汽车测试城。
测试城能模拟很多真实路面状况，但却无法测试司机向路面人群传递行车意图的姿势。
福特公司弥补了这个缺憾，他们在实际路面测试了用灯光信号来表达汽车的行驶意图，收到了良好效果。
9．Whatdidtheteamfirstconsiderusingasawaytocommunicatethecar'sintention?
A.Light.B.Language.
C.Symbols.D.Sound.
答案与解
升级会员 