功能目的论在电影字幕翻译中的运用.docx

功能目的论在电影字幕翻译中的运用.docx

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功能目的论在电影字幕翻译中的运用

滨州学院

毕业设计（论文）

题目功能目的论在电影字幕翻译中的运用

系（院）外语系

专业英语

班级2010级1班

学生姓名沈晨

学号**********

指导教师孟丽华

职称教授

二〇一四年六月十日

ApplicationofSkoposTheoryinFilmSubtitleTranslation

AThesisSubmitted

toForeignLanguagesDepartmentof

BinzhouUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

ShenChen

Supervisor：

Menglihua

June10,2014

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二〇一四年六月十日

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二〇一四年六月十日

功能目的论在电影字幕翻译中的运用

摘要

随着全球一体化进程的不断深入，电影作为一种文化载体在国际间的交流日益频繁，电影翻译的重要性也日益凸显。

电影翻译可以使观众更全面地了解外国电影的内容，为电影在世界范围内理想地实现其传播功能提供帮助。

事实上，大部分中国人都不具备直接欣赏外语影片的能力，而很多影片却恰恰是原声发音、外语字幕。

本文从目的论的角度对电影字幕翻译进行综合分析，指出电影翻译是一个专业领域，不仅是受翻译理论约束，还受影片自身约束。

本文试图用《功夫熊猫》这一案例，以功能目的论为视角对电影字幕翻译进行研究。

文章首先分析了电影中的中国元素及其语言特征。

从语言、风格和文化不同方面，通过具体的例子对翻译理论进行探讨。

同时结合字幕自身的特点和限制，总结出字幕翻译中所需要用到的翻译策略，最后指出，功能目的论给译者提供了一个全新的视角，为电影字幕翻译提供理论参考。

关键词：

字幕翻译；功能目的论；翻译策略；《功夫熊猫》

ApplicationofSkoposTheoryinFilmSubtitleTranslation

Abstract

Alongwiththedeepeningofglobalization,film,asakindofculturalcarrier,hasbeenawaytocommunicatefrequentlyamongdifferentcountries.Therefore,thesignificanceofmovietranslationisincreasinglygrowing.Filmtranslationcanmaketheaudiencefullyunderstandthecontentofforeignfilms,andhelpthefilmtorealizeitscommunicationfunctionallovertheworld.Infact,mostChinesepeopledon'thavetheabilitytoappreciateforeignfilmdirectly,butlotsoffilmsapplyoriginalpronunciationwithEnglishsubtitles.Thispaperanalyzesfilmsubtitletranslationfromtheperspectiveofskopostheory,pointingoutthatfilmtranslationisaprofessionalfield,whichisnotonlyboundbythetranslationtheorybutalsobythefilmitself.ThispaperattemptstotakeKungFuPandaasacase,tostudyfilmsubtitletranslationbyskopostheory.Initially,thispaperanalysestheChineseelementsinthemovieanditslinguisticfeatures.Fromdifferentaspectsoflanguage,styleandculture,itutilizesconcreteexamplestodiscussthistranslationtheory.Thisthesisanalyzingthecharacteristicsandlimitationsofsubtitle,summarizesthetranslationalstrategiesforitstranslation,andfinallypointsoutthatfunctionalskopostheorygivesanewperspectivetotranslatorsandprovidestheoreticalreferenceforthefilmsubtitletranslation.

Keywords:

subtitletranslation;skopostheory;translationalstrategies;

KungFuPanda

Contents

Introduction

Nowadays,withthespeedingupofglobalization,theinterculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandothercountrieshasbecomemoreandmorefrequently.ManyChinesefamousfilmsaretranslatedintoEnglishandmanyEnglishfilmsaretranslatedintoChinese.Therefore,theimportanceoffilmsubtitletranslationhasbeenreflectedmoredeeplythaneverbefore.ItisnecessarytoovercometheobstaclesoflanguageandculturalissuesintheprocessofenjoyingEnglishfilms.SubtitlinghasplayedanunprecedentedlyimportantroleforChina’seconomicgrowthandtechnicalrestrictionsexertedonfilmtranslation.Alotofattentionhasbeenpaidintosubtitletranslationandstudiesinthisfieldhavebeenexecutedmorewidelyandcentrallyinthewesterncountries,sotreatiesarefoundedintermsofstrategiesandqualitymeasures.ProfessorslikeDelabastita,IanMason,AlineRemealandAnneJackeldedicatetheirtimeintosubtitletranslation.Someperiodicalsandarticlesaboutresearchesoffilmsubtitletranslation,internationalmeetings,drillingcurriculumsforsubtitletranslatorsandMAprojectsfortheoreticalsideofsubtitletranslationhavesymbolizedtheriseofitsimpact.Onthecontrary,studiesinthisareahaveacomparativelyshorthistoryinChina.Chinesesubtitletranslatorsbegantheirworkin1949.ChangchunFilmStudiobroughtinaRussianmoviewhichisthefirstachievementinsubtitletranslation.ThennumerousforeignmovieshavebeenintroducedintoChinaafter21stcentury,meanwhile,filmsubtitletranslationhasstartedbooming.Forinstance,QianShaochang,anexpertinfilmsubtitletranslation,hasimplementedanoperationalresearchinthispointnamed“Audio-VisualTranslation—AnImportantAreaintheFieldofTranslationStudies”.Hebrieflystatesthesignificanceoffilmsubtitletranslationandappealsthetranslatorstopaycloseattentiontoit.Thusmoreandmoreattentiononsubtitletranslationhasbeendrawfromdomestictranslationprofessors.

ThisthesisprovidesacaseanalysisofafamousAmericanmovieKungFuPanda.Skopostheoryisappliedasabasictheoreticalfoundationofthestudy.Effortwillbemadetogiveskopos-orientedmethodforthesubtitletranslationthroughacaseanalysisfollowedforfurtherexplanation.

ChapterOneTheoreticalBasisoftheStudy

1.1Anoverviewofskopostheory

SkopostheoryisamethodtotranslationfromfunctionalismwhichwasfirstputforwardinGermanybyReissandherstudentVermeer（1984）intheirbookGeneralFoundationsofTranslationTheory.Itshowsageneralchangefromprimarylanguageandofficialtranslationtheoriestoamorepurposefulandsocio-culturallyguidednotionoftranslation.Thischangederivesafflatusfromtexttheory,textlinguistics,actiontheoryandcommunicationtheory,aswellasfromactivityinliterarystudiestowardreceptiontheories（Baker,2004,p.235）.Theword“skopos”rootedinGreekisanacademicjargonforthegoalorobjectiveoftranslation.Atpresent,skopostheoryistheforemosttheoryforfunctionalismaswellasthebaseofthefunctionalistmeanstotranslation.ReissandVermeerhaveplayedimportantrolesinestablishingtheskopostheory.

Reissfirstbroughtafunctionaldirectoryintoher“objectiveapproachtotranslationcriticism”in1971,whichisregardedastheoriginforprofessionallyanalyzingtranslationinGermany.Inhispointofview,aqualifiedtranslationshouldbeone“inwhichtheaimintargetlanguageisequivalenceasregardstheconceptualcontent,linguisticformandcommunicativefunctionofasource-language”.Andsheputsuchtranslationas“integralcommunicativeperformance”（Nord,2001,p.9）.Herstudent-HansJ.Vermeermadeafurtherstudyinthisfield.ItisVermeerwhobrought“skopos”intotranslationtheoryandpromotedthedevelopmentofskopostheorywhichisconsideredasthecoreofthefunctionaltranslationtheory.Itseemstohimthattranslationisnotjustasinglepassbetweendifferentlanguagesbutamorecomplicatedmovement.Itisakindofuniqueactionwithaimscarriedoutbyhumanandaconversioninwhichcommunicativeverbalandnon-verbalsymbolsareswitchedfromonelanguagetoanother.Besides,ChristianeNordisaprofessionaltranslatorandgreatscholarwhoalsomakeagreatcontributioninskopostheory.InherbookTranslatingasaPurposefulActivity-FunctionalistApproachesExplained,Nordintroducedthe“loyaltyprinciple”intofunctionalistpattern（Nord,2001）.

1.2Rulesofskopostheory

Translationisonlyakindoftranslationalactivity.Therefore,translationisdepictedasapurposeful,communicative,partiallyverbalandinter-culturalinteractiononaccountofthesourcetext（Nord,2001）.Accordingtothisconcept,Vermeercomesupwithhistranslationrules,involvingtheskoposrule,thefidelityruleandthecoherencerule.Theskoposruleisconsideredastheguidingprinciple,whilethefidelityruleandthecoherencerulearesubordinateprinciples.

1.2.1Theskoposrule

Skopostheoryholdsthatalltranslationactivitiesshouldfollow“skopostheory”,thatistosay,translationshouldtakeeffectinthewaywhichisexpectedbythetargetreceptor.Thepurposedeterminesthetranslationaction,namelytheresultdeterminesthemethod.Duetothisrule,manytranslationalactivitieshaveavarietyofskoposandmaybetheyassociatetoeachotherinascalarsequence.Thetranslatorshavetherighttojustifyaspecificpurposeaccordingtoaparticularsituation.Fortranslators,toknowwhyasourcearticletobetranslatedandwhatthegoalofthetargetarticleiswillbefatalinthisrule.

1.2.2Thecoherenceruleandfidelityrule

Coherencerulemeansthatthetranslationmustbeconsistentwiththeintra-textualcoherencestandard,namelyreadabilityandacceptability,whichcanmaketherecipientunderstandingandhavesignificanceinthetargetcultureandtheuseofcommunicativecontext.Aninterpersonalcommunicationcanbeeffectiveonlyiftherecipientsexplainitasbeingsuitablyconsistentwiththeirsituation.Whilefidelityrulemeansthatinter-textualcoherenceshouldexistbetweenthesourcetextandthetargettext.Thisisequivalenttothetranslationtheorywhatisso-calledfaithfultotheoriginaltext,butthedegreeandformofthefidelitydependonthepurposeofthetranslationandthetranslator'sunderstanding.Insomesituation,oneprobablekindofinter-textualcoherenceneedsasupremelyfaithfulsimulationofthesourcetext.

1.3Significanceoftheskopostheory

Theskopostheorymeanstheinnovationinmoderntranslationaltheories.Thistransferofemphasisisverypopularinothertranslationaltheoriesandperformsfrequentlyinrecentdecades.Inaddition,uniformitythatliesinskopostheoryandothertranslationaltheoriescanofferareasonforskopostheory.

1.3.1Translatingasapurposefulhumanaction

Onaccountoftheskopostheory,translationactivityisaninterpersonalandintercult