RFID基本原理的英文文献翻译.docx
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RFID基本原理的英文文献翻译
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
系别:
电子信息系
专业:
通信工程
班级:
B090310
******
学号:
B09031002
外文出处:
网络资源
附件:
1.原文;2.译文
2013年03月20日
RFIDBasicPrinciple
WhatistheRFID?
RFIDistheabbreviationforRadioFrequencyIdentification,calledelectronicslabel.
WhatistheRFIDtechnology?
RFIDrecognitionisanon-contactautomaticidentificationtechnology,rfsignalthroughitsautomatictargetrecognitionandaccesstorelevantdata,identifyworkwithoutmanualintervention,itcanworkinvariousenvironments.RFIDtechnologycanidentifyhigh-speedmovingobjectsandcanidentifymultipletags,theoperationisfastandconvenient.
Accenturelaboratory'schiefscientistsiralexfergusonfeelsRFIDisabreakthroughtechnology:
"first,canidentifyaveryspecificobjects,ratherlikethecodethatcanidentifyclassobjects;second,theuseofrf,canreaddatathroughexternalmaterials,andbarcodemustrelyonlasertoreadinformation;third,canalsoreadontomultipleobjects,andbarcodecanonlyreadonebyone.Inaddition,storeofinformationisalsoverybig."
WhatisthebasiccomponentofRFID?
ThemostbasicRFIDsystemconsistsofthreeparts:
Tag:
Tagconsistsofcomponentsandchips,eachTaghasonlyelectroniccoding,adheretotheobjectforidentifieringtarget;
Reader:
read(sometimesalsocanwrite)labelinformationequipment,itcan
bedesignedforportableorfixed;
Antenna:
Transmitradiofrequencysignalsbetweeninthelabelandreader.
ThebasicprincipleofRFIDtechnologyiswhat?
ThebasicprincipleofRFIDtechnologyisnotcomplex:
Labelintothefield,Receiveradiofrequencysignalsfromreadercollision,withalltheenergystoredinachipoftheproductinformation(passivetag,thereisnosourcelabelorlabels),Oractivelytosendafrequencysignals(activetagandtolabelorlabels);toreadinformationandunderstandingofthedecoderafterthecentralinformationsystemstocarryouttherelevantdataprocessing.
WhatmakesretailerssohighlyRFID?
SanfordBernsteincristiano,accordingtoanalystsestimatetheretailingcompany,byadoptingtheRFID,wal-martcansave$8.35billioneachyear,mostlybecauseofthepurchaseofartificialviewdoesnotneedtosavethecostoflaborcode.Althoughsomeanalyststhink$8billioninthedigitaltoooptimistic,butundoubtedly,RFIDhelpsolvetheproblem:
thetwobiggestretailcommoditiesandloss(brokenbytheftandsupplychainwasunsettledandlossofproducts),nowawal-mart,stealingalossisalmost20billiondollars,ifalegitimatebusinessturnovercanachievethisnumber,caninAmerican1,000enterprise'slistoftopfirst694.Researchorganizationsestimate,Thisrfidtechnologycanhelptoreducethelevelof25%reductionandstock.
ThetypicalapplicationofRFIDtechnologyiswhat?
Logisticsandsupplymanagement
Manufacturingandassembly
Airlinebaggagehandling
Mail/expressparcel
Adocumenttracking/librarymanagement
Animalidentitytags
Movement
Accesscontrol/electronictickets
Automaticcharge.Road
RFIDautomaticrecognitiontermexplanation
microwave:
wavelengthof0.1-100centimetersorfrequencyin1-100GHZelectromagneticwave.
radiationfrequency:
usuallymicrowave.
electronictags:
storeddataobjectcodeidentificationtag,alsocalled
rfCARDS.
passivetags:
withoutpowerandinternalbyreceivingmicrowaveenergywork.
activetags:
byinternalbatteriesworklabels.
microwaveantenna:
usedforlaunchingandreceiveasignal.
readdevice:
Usedtoreadthelabelsinelectronicdata.
programmingdevice:
forelectronicdatawrittentothelabelorlabelsforthestoreddata.
beambracketing:
referstotheantennabeamrangeofmicrowaveirradiationrangelaunchpower.
tagcapacity:
Thelabelofprogrammingcanbewritteninthenumberofdigitsorlogical.
A-Biz-utomaticidentificationtechnologyapplicationcaseframe
ASN-seniorfreightnotice
BIS-commercialinformationsystem
DA-shipmentnotification
EAN--EuropeanarticlescodingEPCTM-electronicproducts
ONS-objectsnameresolutionservices
PML-entitymarkuplanguage
UCC-unitycodingcommittee
UML-unifiedmodelinglanguage
Systemcompositionandworkingprinciple
ThemostbasicRFIDsystemconsistsofthreeparts:
Tag:
Tagconsistsofcomponentsandchips,eachTaghasonlyelectroniccoding,adheretotheobjectforidentifieringtarget;
Reader:
read(sometimesalsocanwrite)labelinformationequipment,itcan
bedesignedforportableorfixed;
Antenna:
Transmitradiofrequencysignalsbetweeninthelabelandreader.
SomesystemshavereadersRS232orRS485interfacewithexternalcomputer(uppercomputersystem)connection,andexchangedata.
Thesystemofbasicworkflowis:
readerthroughtheantennasendcertainfrequenciesofrfsignals,whentherfcardtoentertheantennaworkingareainducedcurrent,rfcardsgainenergytobeactivated,rfcardswillowncodinginformationthroughthecardbuilt-intransmittingantennasendout,Systemreceivingaerialfromrfcardfromthecarriersignal,theantennaofaregulatortothereader,thereadertoreceiveasignalanddemodulatesanddecodestothesystemtodealwiththerelevant;themainsystembasedonlogic,determinethelegalityofsmartcards,indifferentsettingsmaketheappropriatetreatmentandcontrolsignalscontrolanddirectionofmovement.inthecouplingbetweeninductorsandelectromagneticway(),communicationprocess(FDX,HDX,SEQ)、Fromrfcardtothereaderofdatatransmissionoftheloadmethod(modulation,reversescattering,hightimeharmonics)andfrequency,fromthecontactmethodtransmissionafundamentaldifference,butallthereaderinprinciple,andthedecisionofthedesignstructuresareverysimilar.allthereaderisasimplematterofhighfrequencyandcontrolunittwobasicmodule.highfrequencyinterfaceincludesbothtransmittersandreceivers,itsfunctionsinclude:
toproducehigh-frequencytransmitpowertostartandproviderfcardenergy.TolaunchsignalusedtosenddatatorfCARDS,ReceiveanddemodulationofhighfrequencysignalsfromrfCARDS.Differentrfidsystemwithsomedifferencefrequencyinterfacedesign,thesystemfrequencyinductivecouplinginterfacediagramshown.
Readersofthecontrolunitfeaturesinclude:
communicatewiththeapplicationsoftware,Applicationsoftwareandtoexecutetheorderofradiofrequencies;controlandcommunicationfromtheprincipleofthelord-();signalofthedecoding.tosomespecificsystemsarethecollision,thealgorithmtorfcardreader,andtothetransferofdataencryptionanddecryption,aswellasonradiofrequenciesandthereader'sauthenticationforanadditionalfunction.
Therfidsystemisakeyanddistanceoftheparameters.Atpresent,thepriceoflong-distancerfidsystemisveryexpensive,thustoimprovetheirreadingfordistanceofthemethodisveryimportant.InfluencefactorsofdistanceandRFcardreader,includingantennaworkingfrequencyofRFoutputpower,reader'sreceptionsensitivity,RFcardpower,antennaandtheresonantcircuitQvalue,antenna,RFcardreaderandthedirectionofthecoupling,andRFcarditselfofenergyandsendinformationenergyetc.Mostofthesystemofwritingisreadandwritedifferent,readthedistanceisabout40%to80%.
Theoryanalysis
RFIDtechnologyUSESradio-frequencymodeinthereaderandrfcardnocontactbetweenthebidirectionaldatatransmission,inordertoachievetargetrecognitionanddataexchange.Andthetraditionofcode,magneticandICcard,comparedwithnon-contact,rfcardreadingspeed,wear,notbyenvironmentalimpact,longlife,easytouseandhasthecharacteristicsofanti-collisionfunction,canhandlemoreCARDS.Abroad,rfidtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinindustrialautomation,commercialautomation,transportationcontrol,etc.
RFID基本原理
什么是RFID?
RFID是RadioFrequencyIdentification的缩写,即射频识别,俗称电子标签。
什么是RFID技术?
RFID射频识别是一种非接触式的自动识别技术,它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据,识别工作无须人工干预,可工作于各种恶劣环境。
RFID技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签,操作快捷方便。
埃森哲实验室首席科学家弗格森认为RFID是一种突破性的技术:
"第一,可以识别单个的非常具体的物体,而不是像条形码那样只能识别一类物体;第二,其采用无线电射频,可以透过外部材料读取数据,而条形码必须靠激光来读取信息;第三,可以同时对多个物体进行识读,而条形码只能一个一个地读。
此外,储存的信息量也非常大。
"
什么是RFID的基本组成部分?
最基本的RFID系统由三部分组成:
标签:
由耦合元件及芯片组成,每个标签具有唯一的电子编码,附着在物体上标识目标对象;
阅读器:
读取(有时还可以写入)标签信息的设备,可设计为手持式或固定式;
天线:
在标签和读取器间传递射频信号。
RFID技术的基本工作原理是什么?
RFID技术的基本工作原理并不复杂:
标签进入磁场后,接收解读器发出的射频信号,凭借感应电流所获得的能量发送出存储在芯片中的产品信息(PassiveTag,无源标签或被动标签),或者主动发送某一频率的信号(ActiveTag,有源标签或主动标签);解读器读取信息并解码后,送至中央信息系统进行有关数据处理。
是什么让零售商如此推崇RFID?
据SanfordC.Bernstein公司的零售业分析师估计,通过采用RFID,沃尔玛每年可以节省83.5亿美元,其中大部分是因为不需要人工查看进货的条码而节省的劳动力成本。
尽管另外一些分析师认为80亿美元这个数字过于乐观,但毫无疑问,RFID有助于解决零售业两个最大的难题:
商品断货和损耗(因盗窃和供应链被搅乱而损失的产品),而现在单是盗窃一项,沃尔玛一年的损失就差不多有20亿美元,如果一家合法企业的营业额能达到这个数字,就可以在美国1000家最大企业的排行榜中名列第694位。
研究机构估计,这种RFID技术能够帮助把失窃和存货水平降低25%。
RFID技术的典型应用是什么?
物流和供应管理
生产制造和装配
航空行李处理
邮件/快运包裹处理
文档追踪/图书馆管理
动物身份标识
运动计时
门禁控制/电子门票
道路自动收费
RFID自动识别术语解释
微波:
波长为0.1—100厘米或频率在1—100GHZ的电磁波。
射频:
一般指微波。
电子标签:
以电子数据形式存储标识物体代码的标签,也叫射频卡。
被动式电子标签:
内部无电源、靠接收微波能量工作的电子标签。
主动式电子标签:
靠内部电池供电工作的电子标签。
微波天线:
用于发射和接受微波信号。
读出装置:
用于读取电子标签内电子数据。
阅读器:
用于读取电子标签内电子数据。
编程器:
用于将电子数据写入电子标签或查阅电子标签内存储数据。
波束范围:
指天线发射微波的照射功率范围。
标签容量:
电子标签编程时所能写入的字节数或逻辑位数。
a-Biz—自动识别技术的应用案例框架
ASN—高级货运通知
BIS—商业信息系统
DA—发货通知
EAN—欧洲物品编码组
EPCTM—产品电子码
ONS—对象名解析服务
PML—实体标记语言
UCC—统一编码委员会
UML—统一建模语言
系统组成和工作原理
最基本的RFID系统由三部分组成:
1.标签(Tag,即射频卡):
由耦合元件及芯片组成,标签含有内置天线,用于和射频天线间进行通信。
2.阅读器:
读取(在读写卡中还可以写入)标签信息的设备。
3.天线:
在标签和读取器间传递射频信号。
有些系统还通过阅读器的RS232或RS485接口与外部计算机(上位机主系统)连接,进行数据交换。
系统的基本工作流程是:
阅读器通过发射天线发送一定频率的射频信号,当射频卡进入发射天线工作区域时产生感应电流,射频卡获得能量被激活;射频卡将自身编码等信息通过卡内置发送天线发送出去;系统接收天线接收到从射频卡发送来的载波信号,经天线调节器传送到阅读器,阅读器对接收的信号进行解调和解码然后送到后台主系统进行相关处理;主系统根据逻辑运算判断