初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案.docx
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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
一．基本讲解来源：
直接引语变间接引语
概念:
在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
Eg:
Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.
Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.（动词宾语）
1.引导词
（1）that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。
Eg:
Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid（that）shewantedtogothere.
（2）whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。
Eg:
“Areyouinterestedingeography?
”shesaid.
Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.
Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.
I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.
注意：
一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外
a.介词短语后只用whether不用if
eg:
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.
b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.
eg:
Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime
c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.
Eg:
Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.
Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.
（3）.特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：
how,when,where,why,whichwhose.
E.g.‘Whatdoyouwant?
’Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.
Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.
Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.
2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
eg:
Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?
I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.
ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.
Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态
Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.（过去一般）
Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去完成）
IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（过去将来）
注意：
当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。
例如：
Eg:
Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）
Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）
3.语序：
陈述语序，主+谓+其他
*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?
（Couldyoupleasetellme）
CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?
*Hassheseenthemovie？
（Heasked.）
Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.
*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。
例：
Idon’tthinkyouareright.（我认为你做的不对）
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone（我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的）
B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。
例：
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
例：
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
三，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：
主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1）Shesaysthatsheisastudent.
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2）ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.
ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3）Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
4）ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.
ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
lCouldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?
注意事项：
※由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
例：
Shesaid:
“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.”
ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.
Sheaskedme:
“Doyoulikemaths?
”
SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.
※宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme_________?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedme________.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.
A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.
A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
6.Iwonder_________.
A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost
C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost
7.Sheaskedme_________
A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis
8.Askhim___.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
9.Idon’tknow_________.
A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie
C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.Doyouknow_________?
A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow_________?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn’tknow_________.
A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme_________.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
能力提高练习
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_____.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.
A.who B.what C.when D.where
12.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
13.Doyoustillremember_______?
A.thathesaid B.whathesaid C.didhesaythat D.whatdidhesay
14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
16.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.
A.howfar/hadgone B.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/went D.howfar/hadrun
17.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what’sthematter
18.Canyoutellme___________?
A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit
19.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
20.Noonetellsus______，soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit
直击中考
1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..
A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway
C.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate
2.---WhattimewillMr.B
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