模具设计与制造外文翻译.docx
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模具设计与制造外文翻译
附录
1英文原文
MouldDesignandManufacturing
CADandCAMarewidelyappliedinmoulddesignandmouldmaking.CADallowsyoutodrawamodelonscreen,thenviewitfromeveryangleusing3-Danimatingand,finally,totestitbyintroducingvariousparametersintothedigitalsimulationmodels(pressure,temperature,impact,etc.)
CAM,ontheotherhand,allowsyoutocontrolthemanufacturingquality.Theadvantagesofthesecomputertechnologiesarelegion;shorterdesigntimes(modificationscanbemadeatthespeedofthecomputer).lowercost,fastermanufacturing,etc.Thisnewapproachalsoallowsshorterproductionruns,andtomakelast-minutechangestothemouldforaparticularpart.Finally,also,thesenewprocessescanbeusetomakecomplexparts.
Computer-AidedDesign(CAD)ofMould
Traditionally,thecreationofdrawingsofmouldtoolshasbeenatime-consumingtaskthatisnotpartofthecreativeprocess.Drawingsareanorganizationalnecessityratherthanadesiredpartoftheprocess.
Computer-AidedDesign(CAD)meansusingthecomputerandperipheraldevicestosimplifyandenhancethedesignprocess.CADsystemsofferanefficientmeansofdesign,andcanbeusetocreateinspectionequipment.CADdataalsocanplayacriticalroleinselectingprocesssequence.
ACADsystemconsistsofthreebasiccomponents;hardware,software,
User,ThehardwarecomponentsofatypicalCADsystemincludeaprocessor,asystemdisplay,akeyboard,adigitizer,andaplotter.ThesoftwarecomponentofaCADsystemconsistsoftheprogramswhichallowittoperformdesignanddraftingfunctions.Theuseristhetooldesignerwhousesthehardwareandsoftwaretoperformthedesignprocess.
Basedonhe3-Ddataoftheproduct,thecoreandcavityhavetobedesignedfirst.Ussrallythedesignerbeginswithapreliminarypartdesign,whichmeanstheworkaroundthecoreandcavitycouldchange.ModernCADsystemscansupportthiswithcalculatingaspotlineforadefineddraftdirection,splittingthepartinthecoreandcavitysideandgeneratingtherun-offorshut-offtruefaces.Afterthecalculationoftheoptimaldraftofthepart,thepositionanddirectionofthecavity,slidesandinsertshavetobedefined.Then,intheconceptualstage,thepositionsandthegeometryofthemould–suchasslides,ejectionsystem,etc.–areroughlydefined.Withthisinformation,thesizeandthicknessoftheplatescanbedefinedandthecorrespondingstandardmouldthatcomesnearesttotherequirementsischosenandchangedaccordingly–byadjustingtheconstraintsandparamentersothatanynumberofplateswithanysizecanbeuseinthemould.Detailingthefunctionalcomponentsandaddingthestandardanysizecanbeusedinthemould.Detailingthefunctionalcompontntsandaddingthestandardcomponentscompletethemould.Thisallhappensin3D.Moreover,themouldsystemprovidefunctionsforthechecking,modifyinganddetailingofthepart.Alreadyinthisearlystage,drawingsandbillofmaterialscanbecreatedautomatically.
Throughtheuseof3Dandtheintelligenceofthemouldsystem,typical2Dmistakes–suchasacollisionbetweencoolingandcomponents/cavitiesorthewrongpositionofahole–canbeeliminatedatthebeginning.Atanystageabillofmaterialsanddrawingscanbecreated-allowingthematerialtobeorderedontimeandalwayshavinganactualdocumenttodiscusswiththecustomerorabidforamouldbasemanufacturer.
Theuseofaspecial3Dmoulddesignsystemcanshortendevelopmentcycles,improvemouldquality,enhanceteamworkandfreethedesignerfromtediousroutinework.Thedevelopmentcyclescanbeshortenedonlywhenorganizationandpersonnelmeasuresaretaken.Thepartdesign,moulddesign,electricdesignandmouldmanufacturingdepartmentshavetoconsistentlyworktogetherinatightrelationship.
Computer-AidedManufacturing(CAM)ofMould
Onewaytoreducethecostofmanufacturingandreducelead-timeisbysettingupamanufacturingsystemthatusesequipmentandpersonneltotheirfullestpotential.thefoundationforthistypeofmanufacturingsystemastheuseofCADdatatohelpinmaddingkeyprocessdecisionsthatultimatelyimprovemachiningprecisionandreducenon-productivetime.Thisiscalledascomputer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM).TheobjectiveofCAMistoproduce,ifpossible,sectionsofamouldwithoutintermediatestepsbyinitiatingmachiningoperationsfromthecomputerworkstation.
WithagoodCAMsystem,automationdoesnotjustoccurwithinindividualfeatures.Atuomationofmachiningprocessesalsooccursbetweenallofthefeaturesmakeupapart,resultingintool-pathoptimization.Asyoucreatefeatures,theCAMsystemconstructsaprocessplanforyou.Operationsareorderedbasedonasystemanalysistoreducetoolchangesandthenumberoftoolsused.
OntheCAMsidethetrendistowardnewertechnologiesandprocessessuchasmicromillingtosupportthemanufacturingofhigh-precisioninjectionmouldswithcomplex3Dstructuresandhighsurfacequalities.CAMsoftwarewillcontinuetoaddtothedepthandbreadthofthemachiningintelligenceinherentinthesoftwareuntiltheCNCprogrammingprocessbecomescompletelyautomatic.ThisisespeciallytrueforadvancedmultifunctionmachinetoolsbecomescompletelyautomaticThisisespeciallytrueforadvancedmultifunctionmachinetoolsthatrequireamoreflexiblecombinationofmachiningoperations.CAMsoftwarewillcontinuetoautomatemoreandmoreofmanufacturingredundantworkthatcanbehandledfasterandmoreaccratrlybycomputers,whileretainingthecontrolthatmachinistsneed.
Withtheemphasisinthemouldmakingindustrytodayonproducingmouldsinthemostefficientmannerwhilestillmaintainingquality,moldmakersneedtokeepupwiththelatestsoftwaretechnologies-packagesthatwillallowthemtoprogramandcutcomplexmouldsquicklysothatmouldproductiontimecanbereduced.Inanutshell,theindustryismovingtowardimprovingthequalityofdataexchangebetweenCADandCAMaswellasCAMtotheCNC,andCAMsoftwareisbecomingmore“intelligent”asitrelatestomachiningprocesses-resultinginreductioninbothcycletimeandoverallmachiningtime.Five-axismachiningalsoisemergingasa“must-have”ontheshopfloor-especiallywhendealingwithdeepcavities.Andwiththeintroductionofelectronicdateprocessing(EDP)intothemouldmakingindustry,newopportunitieshaveariseninmould-makingtoshortenproductiontime,improvecostefficienciesandachievehigherquality.
TheScienceofmoldMaking
ThetraditionalmethodofmakinglargeautomotivesheetmetaldiesbymodelbuildingandtracinghasbeenreplacedbyCAD/CAMterminalsthatconvertmathematicaldescriptionsofbodypanelshapesintocutterpaths.TeledyneSpecialtyEquipment’sEfficientDieandMoldfacilityisoneofthecompaniesontheleadingedgeofthistransformation.
Onlyafewyearsago,thehugesteeldiesrequitedforstampingsheetmetalautobodypanelswerebuiltbystartingwithadetailedblueprintandanaccuratefull-scalemastermodelofthepart.Themodelwasthesourcefromwhichthetoolingwasdesignedandproduced.
Thedies,machinedfromcastings,werepreparedfrompatternsmadebythediemanutacturersorsomethingsuppliedbythecarmaker.Secondaryscalemodelscalled”tracingaids”weremadefromthemastermodelforuseonduplicatingmachineswithtracers.Thesemachinestracedthecontourofthescalemodelwithastylus,andtheinformationderivedguidedamillingcutterthatcarvedawayunwantedmetaltoduplicatetheshapeofthemodelinthesteelcasting.
Allthatischanging.Now,companiessuchasTeledyneSpecialtyEquipment’sEfficientDieandMoldoperationinIndependence,OH,workfromCADdatasuppliedbycustomerstogeneratecutterpathsformillingmachines,whichthenautomaticallycutthesheetmetaldiesandSMCcompressionmolds.
Althoughtheprocessisusedtomakebothsurfacesofthetool,thedrawdiestillrequiresatryoutand“benching”process.Also,theCADdatatypicallyencompassesjusttheorimarysurfaceofthetool,andsomemachinedsurfaces,suchasthehostsandwearpads,aretypicallypartofthemathsurface.
WilliamNordby,vicepresidentandbusinessmanagerofdiesandmoldsatTeledyne,saysthat“althoughnoonehastakenCAD/CAMtothepointofbuildingtheentiretool,itwilleventuallygointhatdirectionbecausethe“bigthrdd”wanttocompresscycletimesandaretryingtocuttheamountoftimethatittakestobuildthetooling.Tryout,becauseofthelackofdevelopmentonthedesignend,isstillaverytime-consumingart,andverymuchatrial-and-errorprocess.”
NoMoreModelsandTracingAids
Theresultstothisnewtechnologyareimpressive.Forexample,tolerancesaretighterandhandfinishingoftheprimarydiesurfacewithgrindershasallbutbeeneliminated.Thebigdifference,saysGaryKral,Teledyne’sdirectorofengineering,isthatthedimensionalcontrolhasradicallyimproved.Conventionalmethodsofmakingplastermoldsjustcouldn’tholdtolerancesbecauseofday-to-daytemperatureandhumidityvariations.”
ForSMCmoldstheprocessissoaccurate,andbecausethereisnospringbacklikethereiswhenstampingsheetmetal,tryoutsarenotalwaysrequired.SMCmoldsareapprovedbycustomersonaregulatebasiswithouteverrunningapart.SuchapprovalsarepossiblebecauseofTeledyne’sabilitytocheckthetoolsurfacebasedonmathematicalanalysisandguaranteethatitismadeexactlytotheoriginaldesigndata.
Becausemanualtrialsandprocesseshavebeeneliminated,Teledynehasbeenabletoconsiderforeignmarkets.”Theabilitytogetatoolapprovedbasedonthemathegivesustheoppo