百校联盟届高三联考全国一卷英语试题.docx
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百校联盟届高三联考全国一卷英语试题
百校联盟2021届高三4月联考全国一卷英语试题
学校:
___________姓名:
___________班级:
___________考号:
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一、阅读选择
OurPrograms
IntroductiontoLEGOandVEXIQRobotics
Havefunbuilding,designing,andprogrammingrobotswithLegoMindstorms&VEXIQroboticsystems.Buildrobotprojectsandcreationsthatuseworkingsensorsandmotors.LEGOMINDSTORMScombinestheLEGObuildingsystemwithanintelligentmicrocomputerbrickandeasyprogrammingsoftware.VEXIQoffersuniquebuildingchallenges.Nopreviousroboticorprogrammingexperienceisnecessaryforthisintroductorycourse.Ages9-14.
ArchitectureandEngineeringChallenges
Youwillworktodesignandbuildtowers,bridgesandalotofLEGOarchitectureprojects.Havefunbuildingfamousarchitecturaldesignsfromaroundtheworld.Youwillalsobuildstructuresusingavarietyofmaterialsandlearnaboutstructuralengineeringprinciplesandforeesthatactonstructures.Developscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicsskillsinafun,handsonenvironment.Ages7-12.
JuniorPhysiciansDiscoveringtheHumanBody
Discovertheworld’smostcomplicatedsystemthehumanbody!
Inthisprogram,kidswillfindoutwhatit’sliketojourneythroughthehumanbody.Explorethesciencebehindblood,bones,howamodelofthehumanbodyworks,andmore.Participantswilltestforbloodtypes,makeamapoftheirtongue,performsimulated(模拟的)heartandbrainsurgery(脑部手术),andmore.Ages6-11.
AmusementParkPhysics
Haveyoueverwonderedhowtheydesignandbuildthosecrazyrollercoastersandotheramusementparkrides?
Joinusandlearnaboutfactorsrelatedtodesigningthemeparkrides.We’lldesign,construct,andtestballmachines.Ferriswheels,swinging,amusementrides,andmore.Thisisthewaytoexperimentandbuildasyoulearnphysicsconceptsinafunandactivitybasedatmosphere!
Ages7-12.
1.Whatdothefirsttwoprogramshaveincommon?
A.TheybothuseLegoasanaid.B.Theyarebothaboutarchitecture.
C.Theyneedprogrammingexperience.D.Theyfitkidsofthesameagegroup.
2.WhatisoneoftheactivitiesofferedbyAmusementParkPhysics?
A.Ridingarollercoaster.B.Playingaridinggame.
C.Designingballmachines.D.Havingaphysicslesson.
3.Whichprogramissuitableforasix-year-oldboy?
A.AmusementParkPhysics.
B.ArchitectureandEngineeringChallenges.
C.IntroductiontoLEGOandVEX1QRobotics.
D.JuniorPhysiciansDiscoveringtheHumanBody.
ItwouldbeeasytobelievethatMother’sDaywascreatedbyagreetingcardcompany.Afterall,thedayiscelebratedwithspecialsalesandbrunches,lotsofpresentsandmassiveadvertisingcampaigns.ButthedaywasactuallyconceivedmorethanacenturyagobyAnnaJarvisofWestVirginiaasawayofhonoringthesacrificesmothersmadefortheirchildren.
Jarvis’smother,AnnReevesJarvis,helpedstart“Mothers’DayWorkClubs,”teachingwomenhowtocarefortheirchildren.DuringtheCivilWar,sheorganized“Mothers’FriendshipDay,”wheremothersofUnionandConfederatesoldiersmettotrytopromoteharmony.TheyoungerJarvisWasinspiredbyallthethingshermotherhadaccomplishedwithhersocialwork.
WhenJarviswasyoung,sheoverheardhermotherpraying,“Ihopeandpraythatsomeone,sometime,willfindamemorialmother’sdayhonoringherforthematchlessservicesheofferstohumanityineveryfieldoflife.”Whenhermomdiedin1905,Jarvislookedthroughallthesympathycardsshereceived.Sheunderlinedallthekindwordsthatpraisedhermother,readingthemoverandover.Theoutpouringofkindnessforhermotherinspiredhertocreateadaytohonorallmothers.
Thewhitecarnationwashermother’sfavoriteflower,soitbecamethesymbolfortheday.Shesaiditsymbolizedthetruth,purityandcharityofamother’slove.HerideaofcelebratingMother’sDaywaswearingacarnationwhilevisitingyourmotherormaybegoingtochurchtogether.Childrenwerealsoencouragedtowriteletterstotheirmothers,sharingthedepthsoftheirappreciation.
ThefirstofficialMother’sDayeventswereheldonMay10.1908,atthechurchwherehermothertaughtSundaySchoolinGrafton,WestVirginia,andattheWanamaker’sdepartmentstoreauditorium(礼堂)inPhiladelphia.Jarvisdidn’tattendtheeventinGrafton,butshesent500whitecarnations.
4.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“conceived”inparagraph1?
A.ThoughtupB.Figuredout.
C.Foundout.D.Believedin.
5.WhatdoweknowaboutJarvis’smother?
A.ShecreatedMother’sDay.B.Shewasactiveinsocialwork.
C.ShejoinedintheAmericanCivilWar.D.ShetaughtJarvishowtocareforchildren.
6.HowdidJarvisadvisechildrentocelebrateMother’sDay?
A.Prayfortheirmother’shappiness.B.Sendsomeflowerstotheirmothers.
C.Writealettertothanktheirmothers.D.Accompanytheirmotherstothecelebration.
7.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthistext?
A.AMemorableMotherB.CarnationandMother’sDay
C.TheGreatnessofaMotherD.TheFoundingofMother’sDay
TheresearchersfoundthatmorethanhalfofthedeclineintheColoradoRiver’sflowisconnectedtoincreasingtemperatures,andaswarmingcontinues,theysaytheriskof“severewatershortages”forthemillionsthatrelyonitisexpectedto-grow.
Thestudyalsoexaminedtheimpactthatactiontocontrolpollutionofheat-trappinggasescouldhaveontheriver’swatersupply.Somedecreaseintheflowislikelynomatterwhatactionsaretaken,butwithoutanycutstoemissions,theriver’sdischarge(流量)couldshrinkbybetween19%and31%bythemiddleofthiscentury.
TheColoradoRiverstartshighintheRockyMountainsofColoradoandWyoming.Onitsroute,thisriversuppliesmajorcitieslikeDenver,LosAngeles,LasVegasandSanDiego,aswellasfarmsintheUSandMexicothatgrowthevegetablesthatfeed,millionsaroundtheworld.Itsupportsaround$1trillionofeconomicactivityeachyear.
Globalwarmingisreducingthesnowpackthatfeedstheriver.Astemperaturesincrease,snowcoverintheregionisdeclining,meaninglessenergyfromthesunisreflectedbackintospaceandmorewarmsthegroundasheat.Theriver’sflowhasalsobeencutdownbyaseveredroughtduringthelasttwodecades,leavingitstwomainreservoirs-LakePowellandLakeMead-barelyhalffull.
Udall,aseniorclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity,saysthesenewfindingsshowthattheonlywaytosavetheriverisbyaddressingtherootcauseoftheproblem:
climatechange.“Thescienceiscrystalclearwemustreducegreenhousegasemissionsimmediately,”hesays.“Wenowhavethetechnologies,thepoliciesandfavorableeconomicstoaccomplishgreenhousegasreductions.Whatwelackisthewill.”
8.Withcuttingemissions,theriverflowwouldreduceby______.
A.lessthan19%B.about30%
C.over19%D.between19%and31%
9.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusabouttheColoradoRiverinparagraph3?
A.Itisalongriver.B.Itisveryimportant.
C.Itmakesadequateelectricity.D.Itflowsthroughmorethantwocountries.
10.Whichisoneoftheeffectsofthereductionofthesnowcover?
A.Theweatherbecomesdrier.B.Therivergetsmorewater.
C.Thegroundgetsmoreheat.D.Droughtsbreakoutfrequently.
11.WhatpreventspeoplereducinggreenhousegasemissionsaccordingtoUdall?
A.Lackofwill.B.Lackofcooperation.
C.Backwardeconomy.D.Technologyunavoidable
Today,Marsisafrozendesertwithathinatmosphere,toocoldforliquidwatertoremainonthesurface.OverwhelmingevidenceexiststhatMarshadliquidwateroceansroughly4billionyearsago.Thequestionthatdrivesourinterestsisn’twhetherthere’slifeonpresent-dayMars.WearedriveninsteadbyaskingwhethertherewaslifeonMarsbillionsofyearsago,whichseemssignificantlymorelikely.
ButifwaterexistedontheMariansurfacebefore,howwasitpossible?
MarsisfurtherawayfromthesunthanEarth,andbillionsofyearsago,thesundidn’tthrowoffasmuchheatasitdoesnow.
Theplanet’sprotectivemagneticfieldmysteriouslydisappearedaround4.2billionyearsagoasMarscooledafterforming.Thesun’ssolarwindthenblewawaytheMartianatmosphere.leavingbehindthethinonetheplanethastoday.
Scientistsbelievetheatmospherewasakeycomponentforawarm,wetMarsthatmayhaveoncehostedlife.Tohavemadetheplanetwarmenoughforliquidsurfacewater,itsatmospherewouldlikelyhaveneededalargeamountofgreenhousegas,carbondioxidespecifically.
Currently,wedon’tknowthecarbondioxidecontentofMarsancientatmosphere.SotheresearchersturnedtotheNordlingerRiescrater(陨石坑)insouthernGermany.Itwascreatedbyameteorite(陨石)impact15millionyearsago.ThatgeologyandthechemistryofthesiteactasagoodsimilarfortheMartiansurface.
ResearcherswillstudythepHandnitrogenthatmighthavebeeninancientMartianwater,whichwillshowthecarbondioxidecontentinitsancientatmosphere.ThatwillthrowlightonwhetherMarswasoncewarmenoughtosupportlife.
TheMars2020rover(探测器)willlandinasimilarcraternextyear,collectingsamplesthatwillbereturnedtoEarthinafuturemission.Itcouldbe10to20yearsbeforeMarssamplesarebroughtbacktoEarth.WemightknowtheanswertooneofthefirstquestionsoncethesesamplesaredistributedtolabsintheUSandthroughouttheworld.
12.WhatarepeoplemoreinterestedinaboutMars?
A.WhethertherewaseverlifeonMars.B.WhetherthereislifeonMarsnow.
C.WhethertherewaseverwateronMars.D.WhetheritispossibleforlifeonMars.
13.TheMartianatmospherewasblownawaybysolarwind,becauseMars________.
A.wastoocoldB.hadnowateronit
C.lostitsmagneticfieldD.wastoofarfromthesun
14.WhatdoresearcherswanttofindoutintheNordl