40 麦克阿瑟 告别演说old soldier never die.docx

40 麦克阿瑟 告别演说old soldier never die.docx

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40麦克阿瑟告别演说oldsoldierneverdie

April19,1951

Mr.President,Mr.SpeakeranddistinguishedmembersoftheCongress:

     Istandonthisrostrumwithasenseofdeephumilityandgreatpride-humilityinthewakeofthosegreatarchitectsofourhistorywhohavestoodherebeforeme,prideinthereflectionthatthishomeoflegislativedebaterepresentshumanlibertyinthepurestformyetdevised.

     Herearecenteredthehopesandaspirationsandfaithoftheentirehumanrace.

     Idonotstandhereasadvocateforanypartisancause,fortheissuesarefundamentalandreachquitebeyondtherealmofpartisanconsiderations.Theymustberesolvedonthehighestplaneofnationalinterestifourcourseistoprovesoundandourfutureprotected.

     Itrust,therefore,thatyouwilldomethejusticeofreceivingthatwhichIhavetosayassolelyexpressingtheconsideredviewpointofafellowAmerican.

     Iaddressyouwithneitherrancornorbitternessinthefadingtwilightoflife,withbutonepurposeinmind:

toservemycountry.

     Theissuesareglobal,andsointerlockedthattoconsidertheproblemsofonesectoroblivioustothoseofanotheristocourtdisasterforthewhole.WhileAsiaiscommonlyreferredtoasthegatewaytoEurope,itisnolesstruethatEuropeisthegatewaytoAsia,andthebroadinfluenceoftheonecannotfailtohaveitsimpactupontheother.

     Therearethosewhoclaimourstrengthisinadequatetoprotectonbothfronts,thatwecannotdivideoureffort.Icanthinkofnogreaterexpressionofdefeatism.

     Ifapotentialenemycandividehisstrengthontwofronts,itisforustocounterhisefforts.TheCommunistthreatisaglobalone.Itssuccessfuladvanceinonesectorthreatensthedestructionofeveryothersector.YoucannotappeaseorotherwisesurrendertocommunisminAsiawithoutsimultaneouslyunderminingoureffortstohaltitsadvanceinEurope.

     Beyondpointingoutthesegeneraltruisms,IshallconfinemydiscussiontothegeneralareasofAsia...

     WhileIwasnotconsultedpriortothePresident'sdecisiontointerveneinsupportoftheRepublicofKorea,thatdecision,fromamilitarystandpoint,provedasoundone.AsIsay,itprovedasoundone,aswehurledbacktheinvaderanddecimatedhisforces.Ourvictorywascomplete,andourobjectiveswithinreach,whenRedChinaintervenedwithnumericallysuperiorgroundforces.

     Thiscreatedanewwarandanentirelynewsituation,asituationnotcontemplatedwhenourforceswerecommittedagainsttheNorthKoreaninvaders;asituationwhichcalledfornewdecisionsinthediplomaticspheretopermittherealisticadjustmentofmilitarystrategy.Suchdecisionshavenotbeenforthcoming.

     WhilenomaninhisrightmindwouldadvocatesendingourgroundforcesintocontinentalChina,andsuchwasnevergivenathought,thenewsituationdidurgentlydemandadrasticrevisionofstrategicplanningifourpoliticalaimwastodefeatthisnewenemyaswehaddefeatedtheold.

     Apartfromthemilitaryneed,asIsawit,toneutralizethesanctuaryprotectiongiventheenemynorthoftheYalu,Ifeltthatmilitarynecessityintheconductofthewarmadenecessary--

（1）TheintensificationofoureconomicblockadeagainstChina.

（2）TheimpositionofanavalblockadeagainsttheChinacoast.

（3）RemovalofrestrictionsonairreconnaissanceofChina'scoastalareaandofManchuria.

（4）RemovalofrestrictionsontheforcesoftherepublicofChinaonFormosa,withlogisticalsupporttocontributetotheireffectiveoperationsagainsttheChinesemainland.

     Forentertainingtheseviews,allprofessionallydesignedtosupportourforcescommittedtoKoreaandtobringhostilitiestoanendwiththeleastpossibledelayandatasavingofcountlessAmericanandAlliedlives,Ihavebeenseverelycriticizedinlaycircles,principallyabroad,despitemyunderstandingthatfromamilitarystandpointtheaboveviewshavebeenfullysharedinthepastbypracticallyeverymilitaryleaderconcernedwiththeKoreancampaign,includingourownJointChiefsofStaff.

     Icalledforreinforcements,butwasinformedthatreinforcementswerenotavailable.Imadeclearthatifnotpermittedtodestroytheenemybuilt-upbasesnorthoftheYalu,ifnotpermittedtoutilizethefriendlyChineseforceofsomesixhundredthousandmenonFormosa,ifnotpermittedtoblockadetheChinacoasttopreventtheChineseRedsfromgettingsuccorfromwithout,andifthereweretobenohopeofmajorreinforcements,thepositionofthecommandfromthemilitarystandpointforbadevictory.

     WecouldholdinKoreabyconstantmaneuverandatanapproximateareawhereoursupply-lineadvantageswereinbalancewiththesupply-linedisadvantagesoftheenemy,butwecouldhopeatbestforonlyanindecisivecampaignwithitsterribleandconstantattritionuponourforcesiftheenemyutilizedhisfullmilitarypotential.

     Ihaveconstantlycalledforthenewpoliticaldecisionsessentialtoasolution.

     Effortshavebeenmadetodistortmyposition.IthasbeensaidineffectthatIwasawarmonger.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.

     Iknowwarasfewothermennowlivingknowit,andnothingtomeismorerevolting.Ihavelongadvocateditscompleteabolition,asitsverydestructivenessonbothfriendandfoehasrenderedituselessasameansofsettlinginternationaldisputes.

     Indeed,ontheseconddayofSeptember,1945,justfollowingthesurrenderoftheJapanesenationonthebattleshipMissouri,Iformallycautionedasfollows:

"Mensincethebeginningoftimehavesoughtpeace.Variousmethodsthroughtheageshavebeenattemptedtodeviseaninternationalprocesstopreventorsettledisputesbetweennations.Fromtheverystartworkablemethodswerefoundinsofarasindividualcitizenswereconcerned,butthemechanicsofaninstrumentalityoflargerinternationalscopehaveneverbeensuccessful.

"Militaryalliances,balancesofpower,leaguesofnations,allinturnfailed,leavingtheonlypathtobebywayofthecrucibleofwar.Theutterdestructivenessofwarnowblocksoutthisalternative.Wehavehadourlastchance.Ifwewillnotdevisesomegreaterandmoreequitablesystem,ourArmageddonwillbeatourdoor.Theproblembasicallyistheologicalandinvolvesaspiritualrecrudescence,animprovementofhumancharacterthatwillsynchronizewithouralmostmatchlessadvancesinscience,art,literature,andallmaterialandculturaldevelopmentsofthepasttwothousandyears.Itmustbeofthespiritifwearetosavetheflesh."

     Butoncewarisforcesuponus,thereisnootheralternativethantoapplyeveryavailablemeanstobringittoaswiftend.War'sveryobjectisvictory,notprolongedindecision.

     Inwarthereisnosubstituteforvictory.

     TherearesomewhoforvaryingreasonswouldappeaseRedChina.Theyareblindtohistory'sclearlesson,forhistoryteacheswithunmistakableemphasisthatappeasementbutbegetsnewandbloodierwar.Itpointstonosingleinstancewherethisendhasjustifiedthatmeans,whereappeasementhadledtomorethanashampeace.

     Likeblackmail,itlaysthebasisfornewandsuccessivelygreaterdemandsuntil,asinblackmail,violencebecomestheonlyalternative.Why,mysoldiersaskedofme,surrendermilitaryadvantagestoanenemyinthefield?

Icouldnotanswer.

     Somemaysaytoavoidspreadoftheconflictintoanall-outwarwithChina.Others,toavoidSovietintervention.Neitherexplanationseemsvalid,forChinaisalreadyengagingwiththemaximumpoweritcancommit,andtheSovietwillnotnecessarilymeshitsactionswithourmoves.Likeacobra,anynewenemywillmorelikelystrikewheneveritfeelsthattherelativityinmilitaryorotherpotentialisinitsfavoronaworldwidebasis.

     ThetragedyofKoreaisfurtherheightenedbythefactthatitsmilitaryactionisconfinedtoitsterritoriallimits.Itcondemnsthatnation,whichitisourpurposetosave,tosufferthedevastatingimpactoffullnavalandairbombardmentwhiletheenemy'ssanctuariesarefullyprotectedfromsuchattackanddevastation.

     Ofthenationsoftheworld,Koreaalone,uptonow,isthesoleonewhichhasriskeditsallagainstcommunism.ThemagnificenceofthecourageandfortitudeoftheKoreanpeopledefiesdescription.Theyhavechosentoriskdeathratherthanslavery.Theirlastwordstomewere:

"Don'tscuttlethePacific."

     IhavejustleftyourfightingsonsinKorea.Theyhavemetallteststhere,andIcanreporttoyouwithoutreservationthattheyaresplendidineveryway.

     Itwasmyconstantefforttopreservethemandendthissavageconflicthonorablyandwiththeleastlossoftimeandaminimumsacrificeoflife.Itsgrowingbloodshedhascausedmethedeepestanguishandanxiety.Thosegallantmenwillremainofteninmythoughtsandinmyprayersalways.

     Iamclosingmyfifty-twoyearsofmilitaryservice.WhenIjoinedthearmy,evenbeforetheturnofthecentury,itwasthefulfillmentofallmyboyishhopesanddreams.

     TheworldhasturnedovermanytimessinceItooktheoathontheplainatWestPoint,andthehopesanddreamshavelongsincevanished,butIstillremembertherefrainofoneofthemostpopularbarracksballadsofthatdaywhichproclaimedmostproudlythatoldsoldiersneverdie;theyjustfadeaway.

     Andliketheoldsoldierofthatballad,Inowclosemymilitarycareerandjustfadeaway,anoldsoldierwhotriedtodohisdutyasGodgavehimthelighttoseethatduty.Good-by.

Pbs（美国公共广播公司）版本

MacArthur'sSpeeches:

"OldSoldiersNeverDie..."

1951hadnotbee