Climate.docx
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Climate
Climate
BriefIntroduction
Chinahasamarkedcontinentalmonsoonclimatecharacterizedbygreatvariety.MostpartsofChinaareinthenortherntemperatezonewhilepartsofthesouthernareaareinthetropicalorsubtropicalzoneandpartsofthenorthernareaintheFrigidZone.
MostofChinaliesinthenorthtemperaturezone,characterizedbyawarmclimateandcleardivisionbetweenseasons,aclimatewellsuitedforhabitation.Inwinter,northerlywindsfromhighlatitudeareaskeepthenorthernpartscoldanddry;whileinsummer,monsoonsfromeasternandsoutherncoastalareasbringwarmnessandmoisture.
Theclimatealsovarieswiththeextensiveterritoryandvarioustopographyfromregiontoregion.
InnorthernChina,summeriswarmandshort,whilewinteriscoldandlong.InsouthernChina,summerislong,humidandhot,andthewintershortandwarm,withtemperaturerarelybelowfreezing.IncentralChina(thevalleyareaalongtheYangtzeRiver),divisionbetweenseasonsisclear--summerislong,hotandhumidwhilewinter,shortandcold.
InnorthwesternChina,suchasXinjiangandInnerMongolia,summerisdryandswelteringandwinterisformidablycold.OntheQinghai-TibetPlateau(about4,000metersabovesealevel)insouthwesternChina,winterisextremelycoldandsummerisshortandmoderatelywarm,withlittleprecipitationandgreatdifferenceintemperaturebetweendayandnight.
ClimateZone
Chinaseesvariousothertypesofclimateduetoitsvastterritory.Temperaturebeltsfromsouthtonorthappearinthisorder:
tropicalzone,subtropicalzone,temperatezone,mediumtemperatezoneandfrigidtemperatezone.ThereisalsoaverticalclimaticzoneontheQinghai-TibetPlateauinsouthwesternChina.
SituatedintheeasternpartoftheAsiancontinentandfacingthePacific,Chinaalsohasaprominentmonsoonclimate.Inaddition,othertypesofclimate,suchasalpineclimate,plateauclimate,desertclimate,forestclimateandbasinclimate,coexistinChina,duetocomplicatedtopographyandagreatdisparityinelevation.
MonsoonClimate
MostofChinahasacontinentalmonsoonclimate.FromSeptembertoAprilofthefollowingyear,thedryandcoldwintermonsoonblowfromSiberiaandtheMongolianPlateau,resultingincoldanddrywintersandgreatdifferencesinthetemperaturesofnorthernandsouthernChina.FromApriltoSeptember,warmandhumidsummermonsoonsblowfromtheseasintheeastandsouth,resultinginoverallhightemperaturesandplentifulrainfall,andlittledifferenceinthetemperaturesofnorthernandsouthernChina.
Inaddition,coldwave,cyclone,intermittentdrizzlesandtyphoonarealsotheresultsofmonsoonclimate.Causedbymonsoon,therainyseasonrunsfromMaythroughtoAugustandtyphoonsfrequentlyoccurinthesoutheastcoastbetweenJulyandSeptember.
Precipitation
Chinahasanaverageannualprecipitationof629millimeters,whichisunevenlydistributedbothregionallyandseasonally.Precipitationgraduallydeclinesfromthesoutheasternareatothenorthwesterninlandarea.Influencedbytheoceanicwarmandhumidaircurrent,mostsoutheasterncoastalareasinChinahaverichrainfall,whichreachesover1,500millimeters,whileinnorthwesternareasannualprecipitationdropstobelow200millimeters.
Temperature
China'saveragetemperaturegraduallydeclinesfromtheeasternareatothenorthernarea.TheMoheareaofHeilongjiangProvinceatthenorthernmosttipofChina,locatednorthofNorthernLatitude53°,hasafrigidtemperateaveraging-5°C.ZengmuAnshainHainanProvinceatthesouthernend,only400kilometersfromtheequator,isdominatedbytheequatorialclimatewithanaveragetemperatureof25°C.MostpartsoftheQinghai-TibetPlateauhaveatemperaturebelow0°C.Thus,thereisgreattemperaturedifferencebetweenthesouthandthenorth.
Insummer,thetemperatureishighnationwide,andtemperaturedifferenceissmallbetweenthenorthandthesouth.Inwinter,mostareasinChinaarecoldandthetemperaturevariesgreatlybetweennorthernandsouthernparts,withthebiggestdifferenceupto50°C.InMohe,thelowesttemperatureinayearcanreach52.3°C,whilethatinSanya,Hainan,isabove20°c.
我国五种气候类型
1、热带季风气候。
包括台湾省的南部、雷州半岛和海南岛等地。
年积温>=8000℃,最冷月平均气温不低于16℃,年极端最低气温多年平均不低于5℃,极端最低气温一般不低于0℃,终年无霜。
2、亚热带季风气候。
我国华北和华南地区属于此种类型的气候。
年积温在4500--8000℃之间,最冷月平均气温-8--0℃,是副热带与温带之间的过渡地带,夏季气温相当高(侯平均气温>=25℃至少有6个侯,即30天),冬季气温相当低。
3、温带季风气候。
我国内蒙古和新疆北部等地属于此种类型的气候。
年积温低于1600--3400℃之间,最冷月平均气温在-28--8℃、夏季侯平均气温多数仍超过22℃,但超过25℃的已很少见。
4、高原气候。
我国青藏高原属于此种类型的气候。
年积温低于2000℃,日平均气温低于10℃,最热的气温也低于5℃,甚至低于0℃。
气温日较差大而年较差较小,但太阳辐射强,日照充足。
5、温带大陆性气候:
(广义的温带大陆性气候包括温带沙漠气候、温带草原气候及亚寒带针叶林气候。
狭义的概念将湿润的后者除外)
我国大部分北纬30°以北的内陆地区都是温带大陆性气候
气候英语词汇集锦
全球瞩目的新一轮联合国气候变化大会,此时正在丹麦首都哥本哈根举行。
190多个国家和地区代表济济一堂,45个国家或地区的56家报纸在7日开幕当天刊登同一社论,都为探讨并敦促与每个地球人息息相关的减排话题。
一时之间气候变化问题又成为全世界最为瞩目的话题,所以本期西边取经为大家介绍一些气候用语英语词汇。
气候变化问题又成为全世界最为瞩目的话题
1、气候种类
山地气候mountainclimate
冬季季风气候wintermonsoonclimate
季风气候monsoonclimate
**带气候sub-tropicalclimate
高原气候plateauclimate
海滨气候littoralclimate
极地气候polarclimate
热带气候tropicalclimate
温带沙漠气候temperatedesertclimate
温带干燥气候temperatearidclimate
热带季风气候tropicalmonssonclimate
2.风的名称
风级windscale
龙卷风tornado
恒风constantwind
微风breeze、gentlebreeze
逆风headwind
无风calm轻风lightbreeze
信风tradewind
和风moderatebreeze
清风freshbreeze
大风gale
强风strongbreeze
3、浪的名称
微波rippled
微浪smoothwavelets
细浪lightseas
热浪heatwave
小浪moderateseas
中浪roughseas
大浪veryroughseas
强浪highseas
狂浪monsterwaves
巨浪veryhighseas
4.气候变化
大浪veryroughseas
冷峰coldfront
顺风favorablewind
强浪highseas
低气压low-pressure
闷热天气muggyweather
巨浪veryhighseas
雨量rainfall
雹hail
狂浪monsterwaves
东北风northeaster
雷thunder
5、自然灾害
东风eastwind
滂沱大雨downpour
火山地震volcanicearthquake
炎热scorchingheat
暖锋warmfront
海啸tidalwave
风眼eyeofastorm
零度zero
山崩landslide
零度以下subzero
气候带英文说法
大陆性气候:
Continentalclimate
温带海洋气候:
Temperatezonemarineclimate
热带雨林气候:
Tropicalrainforestclimate
热带草原气候:
Savannahclimate
热带荒漠气候:
Tropicalclimatedesertification
地中海式气候:
Mediterraneanclimate
热带海洋性气候:
Tropicalmarineclimate
温带海洋性气候:
Temperatemarineclimate
温带季风气候:
Temperatemonsoonclimate
亚热带季风气候:
Subtropicalmonsoonclimate
温带大陆性湿润气候:
Humidtemperatecontinentalclimate
亚热带湿润气候:
Subtropicalhumidclimate
温带大陆性气候:
Temperatecontinentalclimate
Lesser Fullness 小满
Grain in Ear 芒种
Summer Solstice 夏至
Lesser Heat 小暑
Greater Heat 大暑
Beginning of Autumn 立秋
End of Heat 处暑
White Dew 白露
Autumnal Equinox 秋分
Cold Dew 寒露
First Frost 霜降
Beginning of Winter 立冬
Light Snow 小雪
Heavy Snow 大雪
Winter Solstice 冬至
Lesser Cold 小寒
Greater Cold 大寒
phenology 物候学
phenology law 物候学定律
phenogram 物候图
phenospectrum 物候谱
phenophase, phenological phase 物候期
phenological observation 物候观测
isophane, isophenological line 等物候线
atmosphere 大气
atmosphere-plant-soil system 大气-植物-土壤系统
atmosphere pollution 大气污染
aerosol 气溶胶
saturation point of carbon dioxide CO2 饱和点
compensation point of carbon dioxide CO2 补偿点
sunshine duration, sunshine hours 日照时数
又称“日照时间”。
diurnal variation, daily variation 日变化
amplitude of diurnal variation, daily range 日较差
又称“日振幅”。
day length 昼长
day-night rhythm 昼夜节律
pentad 候
五日为一候。
longday type 长日照型
critical day-length 临界昼长
intensity of illumination 光照强度
photostage 光照阶段
light treatment 光照处理
light resources 光资源
efficiency for solor energy utilization 光能利用率
light saturation point 光饱和点
light compensation point 光补偿点
light and temperature potential productivity 光温生产潜力
extinction coefficient 消光系数
又称“衰减系数”。
light filter 滤光片
solar radiation 太阳辐射
又称“日射”。
solar infrared radiation 太阳红外辐射
solar ultraviolet radiation 太阳紫外辐射
effective radiation 有效辐射
photosynthetic active radiation 光合有效辐射
又称“有效生理辐射”。
back radiation 逆辐射
又称“反射辐射”。
thermal radiation 热辐射
black body radiation 黑体辐射
temperate zone, temperate belt 温带
temperate climate 温带气候
temperate rainy climate 温带多雨气候
cool temperate zone, cool temperate belt 寒温带
frigid zone, frigid belt 寒带
tropics 热带
tropical monsoon climate 热带季风气候
tropical rain forest climate 热带雨林气候
subtropics, subtropical zone 亚热带
又称“副热带”。
subtropic rain forest climate 亚热带雨林气候
又称“副热带雨林气候”。
mountain climate 山地气候
plateau climate 高原气候
grassland climate, prairie climate, steppe climate 草原气候
savanna climate 热带稀树草原气候
又称“萨瓦纳气候”。
continental climate 大陆[性]气候
marine climate, ocean climate 海洋[性]气候
equatorial climate 赤道气候
polar climate 极地气候
arid climate 干旱气候
又称“干燥气候”。
semi-arid climate 半干旱气候
humid climate, wet climate 湿润气候
又称“潮湿气候”。
subhumid climate 半湿润气候
humid temperate climate 湿润温和气候
cold climate with dry winter 冬干寒冷气候
cold climate with moisture winter 冬湿寒冷气候
daily mean temperature 日平均温度
monthly mean temperature 月平均温度
thermoperiod 温周期
isotherm 等温线
Celsius thermometric scale 摄氏温标
Fahrenheit thermometric scale 华氏温标
temperature inversion 逆温
temperature inversion layer 逆温层
nocturnal inversion 夜间逆温
effective temperature 有效温度
optimal temperature 最适温度
negative temperature 负温度
freezing temperature 冻结温度
active temperature 活动温度
maximum growth temperature 最高生长温度
killing temperature, thermal death point 致死温度
volumetric specific heat 容积比热
accumulated temperature 积温
negative accumulated temperature 负积温
effective accumulated temperature 有效积温
active accumulated temperature