step by step book 1 unit9.docx

step by step book 1 unit9.docx

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stepbystepbook1unit9Unit9VisionsoftheFuturePartIWarmingup1.Therellbenomoretelexes,andbusinesseswillonlyusefaxandelectronicmail.2.Officecleaningwillbedonebyrobots.Theywillalsoreplaceproductionworkers.3.Peoplewillhavetoretrainfornewskillseverytenyears.4.Computerswillreplaceclericalworkers.5.Therewillbemuchmoreunemployment.6.Peoplewillbuytheirfoodfromhome.7.Therellbelessneedfortransport,aspeoplewillworkfromhome.8.Mostconsumeradvertisingwillbedelivereddirectlytothehome.9.Businesstravelwillbereplacedbylivevideomeetings.Therewontbeanyneedtogotoseetheclientanymore.Tapescript:

I-InterviewerM-ManW-WomanI.Whatdoyouthinkmighthappeninthebusinessworldinthenext20yearsorso?

W:

Um.therellbenomoretelexes,businesseswillonlyusefaxandelectronicmail.M:

Mm.Officecleaningwillbedonebyrobots.W:

Well,therewillbemuchmoreunemployment.M.Well,Ithink,peoplewillhavetoretrainfornewskillseverytenyears.W:

Ithinkrobotswillreplaceproductionworkers.W:

Computerswillreplaceclericalworkers.M:

Peoplewillbuytheirfoodfromhome.W:

Therellbelessneedfortransport,aspeoplewillworkfromhome.M:

Mostconsumeradvertisingwillbedelivereddirectlytothehome.W:

Well,businesstravelwillbereplacedbylivevideomeetings,therewontbeanyneedtogotoseetheclientanymore.B.Tapescript:

-IthinkIllprobablybeinaspaceshiponmywaytotheplanetMars.-Imaybeinchargeofarobotcourt,judgingsomerobots.-IthinkthepopulationwillhavegoneupsomuchthateithereveryonewillbelivinginbigplasticdomesintheSaharaDesertorelsetheyllbelivingunderthesea.-Obviouslynuclearwarworriesme,butIdontthinkthatllhappen.BecauseIdontthinkthatanyhumanbeingcan-iscapableofactuallypressingsomebutton（s）thatreleaseallthenucleararms.-Perhapswellbeabletoconvert_brainwavesintoradiowavesandthenchangethembacktobrainwaves,soyoucouldactuallyhaveaconversationwithsomeonewithouttalking.-Andtherellbesomanypeople-Ithinktheremay-unlesstheyhaveanotherplanettogoto-therellbeloadsandloadsoftowerblocksforpeopletolivein.-Itllprobablybecomputersthatarerunningthecountrybythen.PartIIWorkingathomeA.AdvantagesRatesa.nevermindtheexpenseofgettinga.lowerwagestoandfromtheplaceofworkb.nojobsecurityb.nostresscausedbytravelingc.poorerworkingconditionsc.reducingpollutioncausedbytransportingd.flexitimetodoworkB.1.Whathasmadeworkingfromhomepossible?

enormousadvancesinthecommunicationsindustry2.Whatequipmentdocsahome-workerneedathome?

atelevision,akeyboardandcomputer,aprinterandatelephonelink3.Whydoeshome-workingsuitsomewomenparticularly?

havingyoungchildren/notwanttotravelalongway/needflexitime4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheconditionsofhome-workers?

notallthehome-workerscanenjoythestatusandbenefitsoffull-timeemployees.Tapescript:

I-InterviewerD-LynnDermottI:

MissDermott,letmeaskyoustraightaway,doyouthinkthattechnologyhasadvancedsofarthatsoon,orwithinafewyears,manypeoplecouldworkathomeinsteadofworkinginofficesinthecenteroftowns?

D:

Ohyes.Itshappeningnow.Youseetherehavebeensuchenormousadvancesinthecommunicationsindustry,withmini-andmicro-computers,andofcourse,nowwithcableTVonitsway,manypeoplearealreadyworkingfromhomewhotraditionallyhavehadtogointoanofficeeveryday.I:

Mmm.D.Yousee,thecommunicationsindustryhasmademoreprogressthananyotherindustryinthelasttenyears.I:

Andhowdothesepeoplemanagetowork?

Imean,whatequipmentdotheyhaveathome?

D:

Well,theyhaveahometerminal,ohthatconsistsofatelevision,akeyboardandcomputer,aprinter,andatelephonefink,tofinkuptoothercomputers.I:

Oh,Isee.Butsurelytherearemanyadvantagesinbeingabletoworkfromhome?

D:

Ohyes.Imean,peoplespendalotoftheirworkingdayactuallygettingtoandfromtheirplaceofwork,nevermindtheexpenseofthat,andthestressitcancause.Imean,therushhours,aseveryoneknows,aretheworsttimesofdaytotravel,andmillionsofpeoplespendtheirworkingliveseithergettingupearlytoavoidtherushhoursor.travelinginthemiddleofthemwithallthepressuresandstressthatcancause.SomethingthatshappenedinBritainisthatpeopleactuallywanttoliveasfarawayaspossiblefromwheretheywork.BythatImeantheydontwanttoliveactuallyinthecenterofcitiesandtowns.Andofcoursethetransportingofsomanypeoplecausespollutioninourcities,andingeneralreally.I:

Aryes,Isee.Sowhatisitthatyoudontlikeabouttheconditionsofhome-workers?

D:

WhatImafraidofisthattheemployerdoesnthavetoaccepthisresponsibilities.I:

Um.whatdoyoumean?

Surelythepersonisstillanemployee?

D:

Well,yes,youmaythinkthatbutletmetellyouwhatmighthappen.Basicallythreethings.One-lowerwages,twit-nojobsecurity,andthreepoorerworkingconditions.InfutureaBritishfirmin,forexample,London,mightemployclerksinBelfast,oraPariscompanycouldhavetheirsecretariesinSpain,andthentheyjustdialaroundforthecheapestlabor.I:

Yes,butsurelysucharrangementssuitsomepeople,particularlywomen?

Iftheyhaveyoungchildrentheydontwanttotravelalongwayfromhome.And.uhm.perhapstheywanttheadvantagesofflexitime,wheretheyhaveanumberofhourstodobuttheycanchoosewhentodothem?

D:

Well,ofcoursethatstrue.Thesetypesofarrangementsdosuitalotofwomen.Now,onecompanyhasgivenitshomeworkersthestatusandbenefitsoffull-timeemployees.Butyouseewethinkthisprotectionshouldgotoallhome-workers.Nowwhatisclearisthatthenewtechnologiesareradicallychangingtheworkinglivesofpeople.Weareinfavorofthebenefitsandfreedomsthatmightcomewiththisnewsituationbutwealsowanttowarnpeoplenowsomeoftherisks.I:

Thankyou,verymuch.PartIIITheTimescapsuleTapescript:

Timecapsulesarespecialdevicesbuilttoprotectpapersandotherobjectsusuallyfor100years.Thepurposeistohelppeopleinthefutureunderstandwhatisimportantwhenthetimecapsuleisclosed.Thedeviceisusuallymadeofcopper,aluminumorstainlesssteel.Itshouldbenon-rusting,leak-proofanddurable.Contentstobeplacedinthetimecapsuleshouldbeconditionedtoalowhumiditylevel.Includeitemsthatdonotrequireanytechnologyorequipmentotherthantheeyeandhandtouseandinterpret.Todayscomputerdiscsandsimilarelectronicmediamaynotbeplayableinthefuture.Finally,thecapsuleslocationshould,ofcourse,bedryaswell.B.Name:

theTimescapsulePurpose:

helpingpeopleintheyear3000understandaboutlifeintheworldtodayDesigner:

anarchitectfromSpainSize:

oneandonehalfcubicmetersofspaceinsidewith8separatepartsAppearance:

aflower;afeelingofmysteryClosingtime.AprilPermanenthome:

outsidetheentranceoftheNaturalHistoryMuseumC.Tapescript:

Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatyouwouldsavefromtodaytoshowtopeopleinthefuture?

Somepeoplearethinkingaboutit.TheyareinvolvedinaprojecttosaveobjectsinacontainerthatisnottobeopeneduntilNewYearsDay1000yearsfromnow.Thecontainerisatimecapsule.TheideaforthistimecapsulecamefromthepeopleattheNewYorkTimesnewspaper.SoitiscalledtheTimescapsule.Thepapersandobjectstobeputinitaretohelppeopleintheyear3000understandaboutlifeintheworldtoday.First,acontainerwasneededtokeepthematerialssafe.SOthenewspaperinvited48architectsanddesignersfromaroundtheworldtotakepartinadesigncompetition.AnarchitectfromSpainSantiagoCaltravowon.Hiswinningdesignisashinysteelcontainer.Ithasoneandonehalfcubicmetersofspaceinside.Itisshapedlikeaflowerwitheightseparateparts.Mr.Caltravosayshewantedthecontainertobebeautifulyetcreateafeelingofmystery.SomeofthethingsthatwillbeplacedintheTimescapsulehavebeenchosen.TheyarebeingshownalongwiththeTim,scapsuleattheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryvinNewYorkCity.AmongtheobjectsaresixmagazinespublishedbytheNewYorkTimeswhichdescribedthelast1000years,arecordingofthesoundsoflifeinNewYorkCitymadeat9:

09inthemorningofthe9thdayofthe9thmonthof1999,picturestakenofwhatsomepeopleinNewYorkweredoingatthatsametime,asmallcontaineroffreshwaterfromariverinBrazil,andanAmericanmilitarymedal,aceremonialchairfromZimbabwe,abeaniebabydollpopularwithcollectors,Marlborocigarettes.Otherthingswillbechosentorepresentlifeatthepresenttime.Visitorstothemuseumcanusetwocomputerstoentertheirownsuggestions.TheobjectschosenbyaspecialcommitteewillbeplacedinthecapsulebeforeitisclosedinApril.ThenthelargesteelcontainerwillbemovedtoitspermanenthomeoutsidetheentranceoftheNaturalHistoryMuseum.AlthoughtheTimescapsuleisnottobeopenedfor1000years,itshouldnotbeforgotten.Aguardwillbepaidtowatchoveritandremindpeopleofwhyitisimportant.Thecreatorsoftheprojecthopetheguarddutywillbepassedonfrompersontopersonthroughthenexttencenturies.PartIIIShorttalksonlisteningskillsMakingUseofThem-SignalsandFillersAspeakerhasmanywaystoindicatethatheorsheismovingfromonepointtoanother,orgivinganexample,orrepeatingapoint,orwhatever.Toalanguagelearnerthesesignalscaneasilybemissed.Lecturers,forexample,inaformalsituationgenerallyshowclearlywhenanewpointbegins.TheyuseexpressionslikeSecondly.orThen.Theymaypauseormakeagestureormoveslightly.Achangetoanewpointisoftenmadebyincreasedloudnessorachangeofpitch.Inspontaneousconversations,adiffe